Hebrew Parallel: Literary Translation of Genesis (22)

Hebrew Parallel: Literary Translation of Genesis (22)

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1. Translation Policy

This translation is an artistic endeavor to reconstruct the spirit and majesty of the original Hebrew text using the dignified resonance of classical Japanese literary style. Going beyond the bounds of literal translation, it aims to express the grand narrative of Genesis in a unique style through the use of liberal translation and adaptation.

In translating, the following basic principles were strictly adhered to.

Emphasis on Concise Expression and Rhythm: Following the economy of language found in Waka and Haiku, redundant particles and decorations were stripped away as much as possible. The origins of place names and personal names, as well as the repetitive expressions found in genealogies, are utilized as a powerful rhythm that demonstrates the multi-layered nature of history.

Dignity Based on Classical Literary Style: While basing the text on classical literary style, harmony with readability was sought so that modern readers can intuitively understand the context. Vulgarity is strictly excluded, and the perfection of an artistic literary style is pursued.

Presentation of Strict Style and Relationships: Hiragana is replaced with Kanji as much as possible to maintain visual gravity. To express the absoluteness of God, archaic honorific expressions (such as "tamau") are used only for God's actions, and by maintaining a style that excludes excessive decorative honorifics, the fundamental relationship between God as the Creator and humans as the created is clearly expressed.

[About the Production Background]

This literary translation was generated and edited through collaboration with AI, based on the creator's clear concept. While the original Bible text is in the public domain, this translation is an attempt to aim for a new creative expression by converting it into a unique style based on that original. We welcome readers to freely quote and share this for non-profit purposes such as education, research, and private use. However, please refrain from unauthorized modification or commercial use of the text.

2. Commentary

This translation is an attempt to reconstruct the dramatic reunion in Genesis chapters 43 and 44, the trials by Joseph, and the plea of Judah for a substitute, within the aesthetic style of classical Japanese literature.

“God Almighty (El Shaddai)” (43:14):
Words of prayer for God's protection when Jacob sends off his beloved son Benjamin. It expresses the ultimate entrustment in a desperate situation.

“Joseph wept” (43:30):
The scene where he cannot bear the hot emotion upon seeing his younger brother and retires to an inner room to weep. The affection of a relative beneath the mask of a person in power is depicted in a restrained style.

“Silver cup” (44:2):
A tool used by Joseph to test the truth of his brothers. It is not merely a vessel, but a symbolic foreshadowing to lead to reunion and repentance.

“Judah’s plea” (44:18 to 44:34):
One of the most moving speeches in the entire Bible. The figure of Judah, thinking of his father and offering to be a substitute for his younger brother, is also considered a type of the later Messiah. This long monologue is written in the melody of a dignified literary style.

3. Hebrew Parallel Literary Translation

Genesis Chapter 43

43:1 The famine was very heavy in the land.
וְהָרָעָב כָּבֵד בָּאָרֶץ׃
Veha-ra'av kaved ba-aretz.
And the famine / was heavy / in the land.

43:2 When they had eaten up the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “Go again, buy us a little food.”
וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלּוּ לֶאֱכֹל אֶת־הַשֶּׁבֶר אֲשֶׁר הֵבִיאוּ מִמִּצְרָיִם וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם אֲבִיהֶם שֻׁבוּ שִׁבְרוּ־לָנוּ מְעַט־אֹכֶל׃
Vayehi ka'asher killu le'ekhol et-hash-shever asher hevi'u mimmitzrayim, vayyomer aleihem avihem, shuvu shivru-lanu me'at-okhel.
It came to pass / when / they finished / eating / the / grain / which / they brought / from Egypt / and said / to them / their father / return / buy / for us / a little / food.

43:3 Judah answered him, saying, "The man strictly warned us, saying, 'You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you.'
וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה לֵאמֹר הָעֵד הֵעִד בָּנוּ הָאִישׁ לֵאמֹר לֹא־תִרְאוּ פָנַי בִּלְתִּי אֲחִיכֶם אִתְּכֶם׃
Vayomer elav Yehudah lemor, ha'ed he'id banu ha'ish lemor, lo tir'u fanai bilti achichem itchem.
Said / to him / Judah / saying / strictly warned / us / the man / saying / shall not see / my face / without / your brother / with you.

43:4 If you send our brother with us, we will go down and buy food for you.
אִם־יֶשְׁךָ מְשַׁלֵּחַ אֶת־אָחִינוּ אִתָּנוּ נֵרְדָה וְנִשְׁבְּרָה לְךָ אֹכֶל׃
Im yeshcha meshaleach et-achinu itanu, neredah venishberah lecha ochel.
If / you / send / our brother / with us / we will go down / and buy / for you / food.

43:5 But if you do not send him, we will not go down. For the man said to us, 'You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you.'"
וְאִם־אֵינְךָ מְשַׁלֵּחַ לֹא נֵרֵד כִּי־הָאִישׁ אָמַר אֵלֵינוּ לֹא־תִרְאוּ פָנַי בִּלְתִּי אֲחִיכֶם אִתְּכֶם׃
Ve'im einecha meshaleach lo nered, ki ha'ish amar elenu lo tir'u fanai bilti achichem itchem.
And if / you do not / send / we will not go down / because / the man / said / to us / shall not see / my face / without / your brother / with you.

43:6 Israel said, "Why did you deal so ill with me by telling the man that you still had a brother?"
וַיֹּאמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵל לָמָה הֲרֵעֹתֶם לִי לְהַגִּיד לָאִישׁ הַעוֹד לָכֶם אָח׃
Vayomer Yisra'el lamah hare'otem li, lehagid la'ish ha'od lachem ach.
Said / Israel / why / did you do evil / to me / by telling / to the man / still / to you / a brother.

43:7 They said, "The man questioned us closely about ourselves and our kindred, saying, 'Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?' We answered him according to these questions. Could we in any way know that he would say, 'Bring your brother down'?"
וַיֹּאמְרוּ שָׁאוֹל שָׁאַל הָאִישׁ לָנוּ וּלְמֽוֹלַדְתֵּנוּ לֵאמֹר הַעוֹד אֲבִיכֶם חַי הֲיֵשׁ לָכֶם אָח וַנַּגֶּד־לוֹ עַל־פִּי הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה הֲיָדוֹעַ נֵדַע כִּי יֹאמַר הוֹרִידוּ אֶת־אֲחִיכֶם׃
Vayomeru sha'ol sha'al ha'ish lanu ulemoldetenu lemor, ha'od avichem chai hayesh lachem ach, vanaged-lo al-pi hadevarim ha'elleh, hayado'a neda ki yomar horidu et-achichem.
They said / questioning / questioned / the man / us / and our kindred / saying / still / your father / alive / is there / to you / a brother / we told / him / according to / the words / these / to know / could we know / that / he would say / bring down / your brother.

43:8 Judah said to Israel his father, "Send the boy with me, and we will arise and go, that we may live and not die, both we and you and also our little ones."
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵל אָבִיו שִׁלְחָה הַנַּעַר אִתִּי וְנָקוּמָה וְנֵלֵכָה וְנִחְיֶה וְלֹא נָמוּת גַּם־אֲנַחְנוּ גַּם־אַתָּה גַּם־טַפֵּנוּ׃
Vayomer Yehudah el-Yisra'el aviv, shilchah hanna'ar itti venakumah venelechah venichyeh velo namut, gam-anachnu gam-attah gam-tapenu.
Said / Judah / to Israel / his father / send / the boy / with me / and we will arise / and we will go / and we will live / and not die / both / we / both / you / both / our little ones.

43:9 I will be a pledge for him. From my hand you shall require him. If I do not bring him back to you and set him before you, then let me bear the blame forever.
אָנֹכִי אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ מִיָּדִי תְּבַקְשֶׁנּוּ אִם־לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ וְהִצַּגְתִּיו לְפָנֶיךָ וְחָטָאתִי לְךָ כָּל־הַיָּמִים׃
Anochi e'ervennu, miyadi tevakshennu, im-lo havi'otiv eleicha vehitzagtiu lefaneicha, vechatati lecha kol-hayamim.
I / will be surety for him / from my hand / you shall require him / if / I do not bring him / to you / and set him / before you / and I will be a sinner / to you / all / the days.

43:10 If we had not delayed, we would now have returned twice."
כִּי לוּלֵא הִתְמַהְמָהְנוּ כִּי־עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ זֶה פַעֲמָיִם׃
Ki lule hitmahmahnu, ki-attah shavnu zeh pa'amayim.
For / if not / we had delayed / for / now / we would have returned / this / twice.

43:11 Their father Israel said to them, "If it must be so, then do this: take some of the choice fruits of the land in your bags, and carry down a present for the man, a little balm and a little honey, spices, myrrh, pistachio nuts, and almonds."
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲבִיהֶם אִם־כֵּן אֵפוֹא זֹאת עֲשׂוּ קְחוּ מִזִּמְרַת הָאָרֶץ בִּכְלֵיכֶם וְהוֹרִידוּ לָאִישׁ מִנְחָה מְעַט צֳרִי וּמְעַט דְּבַשׁ נְכֹאת וָלֹט בָּטְנִים וּשְׁקֵדִים׃
Vayomer aleihem Yisra'el avihem, im-ken efo zot asu, kechu mizmrat ha'aretz bichleichem vehoridu la'ish minchah, me'at tzori ume'at devash, nechot valot, botnim ushekedim.
Said / to them / Israel / their father / if / so / then / this / do / take / from the choice fruits / of the land / in your vessels / and bring down / to the man / a gift / a little / balm / and a little / honey / spices / myrrh / pistachio nuts / and almonds.

43:12 Take double the money with you. Carry back with you the money that was returned in the mouth of your sacks. Perhaps it was an oversight.
וְכֶסֶף מִשְׁנֶה קְחוּ בְיֶדְכֶם וְאֶת־הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב בְּפִי אַמְתְּחֹתֵיכֶם תָּשִׁיבוּ בְיֶדְכֶם אוּלַי מִשְׁגֶּה הוּא׃
Vechesef mishneh kechu veyadechem, ve'et-hakesef hamushav befi amtechoteichem tashivu veyadechem, ulai mishgeh hu.
And silver / double / take / in your hand / and the silver / returned / in the mouth / of your sacks / return / in your hand / perhaps / an oversight / it is.

43:13 Take also your brother, and arise, return again to the man.
וְאֶת־אֲחִיכֶם קָחוּ וְקוּמוּ שׁוּבוּ אֶל־הָאִישׁ׃
Ve'et-achichem kechu vekumu shuvu el-ha'ish.
And / your brother / take / and arise / return / to / the man.

43:14 May God Almighty grant you mercy before the man, that he may release your other brother and Benjamin. As for me, if I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved."
וְאֵל שַׁדַּי יִתֵּן לָכֶם רַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי הָאִישׁ וְשִׁלַּח לָכֶם אֶת־אֲחִיכֶם אַחֵר וְאֶת־בִּנְיָמִין וַאֲנִי כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכֹלְתִּי שָׁכָלְתִּי׃
Ve'el Shaddai yitten lachem rachamim lifnei ha'ish, veshillach lachem et-achichem acher ve'et-Binyamin, va'ani ka'asher shacholti shachalti.
And God / Almighty / may grant / to you / mercy / before / the man / and he may release / to you / your brother / another / and Benjamin / and I / as / I am bereaved / I am bereaved.

43:15 So the men took this present, and they took double the money in their hand, and Benjamin. They arose and went down to Egypt and stood before Joseph.
וַיִּקְחוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה הַזֹּאת וּמִשְׁנֶה־כֶּסֶף לָקְחוּ בְיָדָם וְאֶת־בִּנְיָמִן וַיָּקֻמוּ וַיֵּרְדוּ מִצְרַיִם וַיַּעַמְדוּ לִפְנֵי יוֹסֵף׃
Vayikchu ha'anashim et-haminchah hazzot umishneh-chesef lakchu veyadam ve'et-Binyamin, vayakumu vayeredu Mitzrayim vaya'amdu lifnei Yosef.
Took / the men / the gift / this / and double / silver / they took / in their hand / and Benjamin / they arose / and went down / to Egypt / and stood / before / Joseph.

43:16 When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house, "Bring these men into the house, and slaughter an animal and make ready, for these men are to dine with me at noon."
וַיַּרְא יוֹסֵף אִתָּם אֶת־בִּנְיָמִין וַיֹּאמֶר לַאֲשֶׁר עַל־בֵּיתוֹ הָבֵא אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁים הַבָּיְתָה וּטְבֹחַ טֶבַח וְהָכֵן כִּי אִתִּי יֹאכְלוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים בַּצָּהֳרָיִם׃
Vayar Yosef ittam et-Binyamin, vayomer la'asher al-beito, havei et-ha'anashim habaytah utevoach tevach vehachen, ki itti yochlu ha'anashim batzohorayim.
Saw / Joseph / with them / Benjamin / said / to the one / over / his house / bring / the men / into the house / and slaughter / an animal / and make ready / for / with me / will eat / the men / at noon.

43:17 The man did as Joseph told him and brought the men to Joseph's house.
וַיַּעַשׂ הָאִישׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַר יוֹסֵף וַיָּבֵא הָאִישׁ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁים בֵּיתָה יוֹסֵף׃
Vaya'as ha'ish ka'asher amar Yosef, vayave ha'ish et-ha'anashim beitah Yosef.
Did / the man / as / said / Joseph / brought / the man / the men / to the house / of Joseph.

43:18 And the men were afraid because they were brought to Joseph's house, and they said, "It is because of the money, which was replaced in our sacks the first time, that we are brought in, so that he may assault us and fall upon us and make us slaves and take our donkeys."
וַיִּירְאוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים כִּי הוּבְאוּ בֵּית יוֹסֵף וַיֹּאמְרוּ עַל־דְּבַר הַכֶּסֶף הַשָּׁב בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵינוּ בַּתְּחִלָּה אֲנַחְנוּ מוּבָאִים לְהִתְגּוֹלֵל עָלֵינוּ וּלְהִתְנַפֵּל עָלֵינוּ וְלָקַחַת אֹתָנוּ לַעֲבָדִים וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵינוּ׃
Vayiru ha'anashim ki huve'u beit Yosef, vayomeru al-devar hakesef hashav be'amtechoteinu battechillah anachnu muva'im, lehitgolel aleinu ulehitnafel aleinu, velakachat otanu la'avadim ve'et-chamoreinu.
Were afraid / the men / because / were brought / to the house / of Joseph / they said / on account of / the money / returned / in our sacks / at the beginning / we / are brought / to assault / upon us / and to fall / upon us / and to take / us / as slaves / and our donkeys.

43:19 So they went up to the steward of Joseph's house and spoke with him at the door of the house,
וַיִּגְּשׁוּ אֶל־הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר עַל־בֵּית יוֹסֵף וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֵלָיו פֶּתַח הַבָּיִת׃
Vayigeshu el-ha'ish asher al-beit Yosef, vayedabru elav petach habayit.
Approached / to the man / who / over / the house / of Joseph / and spoke / to him / at the door / of the house.

43:20 and said, "Oh, my lord, we came down the first time to buy food.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ בִּי אֲדֹנִי יָרֹד יָרַדְנוּ בַּתְּחִלָּה לִשְׁבָּר־אֹכֶל׃
Vayomeru bi adoni yarod yaradnu battechillah lishbor-ochel.
They said / oh / my lord / down / we came down / at the beginning / to buy / food.

43:21 And when we came to the lodging place, we opened our sacks, and there was each man's money in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight. So we have brought it back with us,
וַיְהִי כִּי־בָאנוּ אֶל־הַמָּלוֹן וַנִּפְתְּחָה אֶת־אַמְתְּחֹתֵינוּ וְהִנֵּה כֶסֶף־אִישׁ בְּפִי אַמְתַּחְתּוֹ כַּסְפֵּנוּ בְּמִשְׁקָלוֹ וַנָּשֶׁב אֹתוֹ בְּיָדֵנוּ׃
Vayehi ki-vanu el-hamalon vanniftachah et-amtechoteinu, vehinneh chesef-ish befi amtachto, kaspenu bemishkalo vannashev oto beyadeinu.
And it came to pass / when / we came / to the lodging place / we opened / our sacks / and behold / money / of each man / in the mouth / of his sack / our money / in its weight / we brought back / it / in our hand.

43:22 and we have brought other money down with us to buy food. We do not know who put our money in our sacks."
וְכֶסֶף אַחֵר הוֹרַדְנוּ בְיָדֵנוּ לִשְׁבָּר־אֹכֶל לֹא יָדַעְנוּ מִי־שָׂם כַּסְפֵּנוּ בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵינוּ׃
Vechesef acher horadnu veyadeinu lishbor-ochel, lo yada'nu mi-sam kaspenu be'amtechoteinu.
And silver / other / we brought down / in our hand / to buy / food / we do not know / who / put / our money / in our sacks.

43:23 The steward said, "Peace be to you. Do not be afraid. Your God, and the God of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks. Your silver has reached me." And he brought Simeon out to them.
וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁלוֹם לָכֶם אַל־תִּירָאוּ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם וֵאלֹהֵי אֲבִיכֶם נָתַן לָכֶם מַטְמוֹן בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵיכֶם כַּסְפֵּכֶם בָּא אֵלָי וַיֹּוצֵא אֲלֵיהֶם אֶת־שִׁמְעוֹן׃
Vayomer shalom lakhem al-tira'u eloheikhem ve'elohei avikhem natan lakhem matmon be'amtekhoteikhem kaspekhem ba elai vayotze aleihem et-shim'on.
He said / Peace be / to you / do not fear / your God / and the God of your father / has given / to you / treasure / in your sacks / your silver / has come (reached) / to me / he brought out / to them / Simeon.

43:24 The steward brought them into Joseph's house, gave them water to wash their feet, and gave fodder to their donkeys.
וַיָּבֵא הָאִישׁ אֶת־הַאֲנָשִׁים בֵּיתָה יוֹסֵף וַיִּתֶּן־מַיִם וַיִּרְחֲצוּ רַגְלֵיהֶם וַיִּתֶּן מִסְפּוֹא לַחֲמֹרֵיהֶם׃
Vayave ha'ish et-ha'anashim beitah Yosef vayiten-mayim vayirchatzu ragleihem vayiten mispo lachamoreihem.
He brought in / the man / the people / to the house / of Joseph / he gave / water / they washed / their feet / he gave / fodder / to their donkeys.

43:25 They waited for Joseph to come at noon, for they had prepared their gifts. This was because they had heard they were to eat a meal there.
וַיָּכִינוּ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה עַד־בּוֹא יוֹסֵף בַּצָּהֳרָיִם כִּי שָׁמְעוּ כִּי־שָׁם יֹאכְלוּ לָחֶם׃
Vayachinu et-haminchah ad-bo Yosef batzohorayim ki sham'u ki-sham yokhlu lachem.
They prepared / the gift / until / the coming of / Joseph / at noon / because / they heard / that / there / they would eat / bread (a meal).

43:26 When Joseph came into the house, they brought the gifts they had in their hands into the house to him, and bowed down to the ground before him.
וַיָּבֹא יוֹסֵף הַבַּיְתָה וַיָּבִיאּוּ לוֹ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדָם הַבַּיְתָה וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ־לוֹ אָרְצָה׃
Vayavo Yosef habaitah vayavi'u lo et-haminchah asher-beyadam habaitah vayishtachavu-lo artzah.
He came / Joseph / to the house / they brought / to him / the gift / which / was in their hands / into the house / they bowed down / to him / to the ground.

43:27 Joseph asked them about their well-being and said, "Is your aged father, of whom you spoke, well? Is he still alive?"
וַיִּשְׁאַל לָהֶם לְשָׁלוֹם וַיֹּאמֶר הֲשָׁלוֹם אֲבִיכֶם הַזָּקֵן אֲשֶׁר אֲמַרְתֶּם הַעוֹדֶנּוּ חָי׃
Vayish'al lahem leshalom vayomer hashalom avikhem hazaken asher amartem ha'odennu chai.
He asked / them / about well-being (peace) / he said / is it well / your father / the old one / whom / you spoke of / is he still / alive.

43:28 They said, "Your servant, our father, is well, and he is still alive." And they bowed their heads and prostrated themselves.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ שָׁלוֹם לְעַבְדְּךָ לְאָבִינוּ עוֹדֶנּוּ חָי וַיִּקְּדוּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲוּוּ׃
Vayomru shalom le'avdekha le'avinu odennu chai vayikedu vayishtachavu.
They said / it is well / your servant / our father / he is still alive / they bowed their heads / and prostrated themselves.

43:29 Joseph lifted his eyes, saw his brother Benjamin, his mother's son, and said, "Is this your younger brother, of whom you spoke to me?" He also said, "May God be gracious to you, my son."
וַיִּשָּׂא עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא אֶת־בִּנְיָמִין אָחִיו בֶּן־אִמּוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר הֲזֶה אֲחִיכֶם הַקָּטֹן אֲשֶׁר אֲמַרְתֶּם אֵלָי וַיֹּאמַר אֱלֹהִים יָחְנְךָ בְּנִי׃
Vayisa einav vayare et-binyamin achiv ben-imo vayomer hazeh achikhem hakaton asher amartem elai vayomar elohim yachnekha beni.
He lifted / his eyes / he saw / Benjamin / his brother / son of his mother / he said / is this / your brother / the young one / whom / you spoke of / to me / he said / God / may He be gracious to you / my son.

43:30 Joseph hurried out. Because his heart yearned for his brother, he was moved to tears and wanted to weep. He went into his private room and wept there.
וַיְמַהֵר יוֹסֵף כִּי־נִכְמְרוּ רַחֲמָיו אֶל־אָחִיו וַיְבַקֵּשׁ לִבְכּוֹת וַיָּבֹא הַחַדְרָה וַיֵּבְךְּ שָׁמָּה׃
Vaymaher Yosef ki-nichmeru rachamav el-achiv vayevakesh livkot vayavo hachadrah vayevk shamah.
He hurried / Joseph / because / were stirred / his compassion (feelings) / for his brother / he sought / to weep / he entered / into the private room / he wept / there.

43:31 He washed his face, composed himself, came out, and said, "Serve the meal."
וַיִּרְחַץ פָּנָיו וַיֵּצֵא וַיִּתְאַפַּק וַיֹּאמֶר שִׂימוּ לָחֶם׃
Vayirchatz panav vayetze vayit'apak vayomer simu lachem.
He washed / his face / he came out / he restrained himself / he said / serve / bread (the meal).

43:32 They served him by himself, them by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves. The Egyptians could not eat with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians.
וַיָּשִׂימוּ לוֹ לְבַדּוֹ וְלָהֶם לְבַדָּם וּלְמִצְרִים הָאֹכְלִים אִתּוֹ לְבַדָּם כִּי לֹא יוּכְלוּן הַמִּצְרִים לֶאֱכֹל אֶת־הָעִבְרִים לֶחֶם כִּי־תוֹעֵבָה הִיא לְמִצְרָיִם׃
Vayasimu lo levado velahem levadam ulemitzrim ha'ochlim ito levadam ki lo yuchlun hamitzrim le'echol et-ha'ivrim lechem ki-to'evah hi lemitzrayim.
They served / for him / by himself / for them / by themselves / for the Egyptians / who were eating / with him / by themselves / because / they could not / the Egyptians / to eat / with the Hebrews / bread / because / an abomination / it is / to the Egyptians.

43:33 They sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright and the youngest according to his youth. The men looked at each other in amazement.
וַיֵּשְׁבוּ לְפָנָיו הַבְּכֹר כִּבְכֹרָתוֹ וְהַצָּעִיר כִּצְעִירָתוֹ וַיִּתְמְהוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ׃
Vayeshevu lefanav habechor kibchorato vehatza'ir kitzi'irato vayitmehu ha'anashim ish el-re'ehu.
They sat / before him / the firstborn / according to his birthright / the youngest / according to his youth / they were amazed / the men / each / to his companion.

43:34 Joseph distributed portions from his own table to them, but Benjamin's portion was five times as much as any of theirs. They drank and made merry with him.
וַיִּשָּׂא מַשְׂאֹת מֵאֵת פָּנָיו אֲלֵיהֶם וַתֵּרֶב מַשְׂאַת בִּנְיָמִן מִמַּשְׂאֹת כֻּלָּם חָמֵשׁ יָדוֹת וַיִּשְׁתּוּ וַיִּשְׁכְּרוּ עִמּוֹ׃
Vayisa mas'ot me'et panav aleihem vattere mas'at binyamin mimas'ot kulam chamesh yadot vayishtu vayishkeru imo.
He lifted (distributed) / portions / from his presence / to them / was greater / the portion of Benjamin / than the portions / of all of them / five / times / they drank / and were merry (drunk) / with him.

Genesis Chapter 44

44:1 Joseph commanded his steward, saying, "Fill the men's sacks with as much food as they can carry, and put each man's silver in the mouth of his sack.
וַיְצַו אֶת־אֲשֶׁר עַל־בֵּיתוֹ לֵאמֹר מַלֵּא אֶת־אַמְתְּחֹת הָאֲנָשִׁים אֹכֶל כַּאֲשֶׁר יוּכְלוּן שְׂאֵת וְשִׂים כֶּסֶף־אִישׁ בְּפִי אַמְתַּחְתּוֹ׃
Vayetzav et-asher al-beito lemor male et-amtechot ha'anashim ochel ka'asher yuchlun se'et vesim kesef-ish befi amtachto.
He commanded / the one / over his house / saying / fill / the sacks / of the men / with food / as / they are able / to carry / and put / the silver of each man / in the mouth of / his sack.

44:2 Also, put my cup, the silver cup, in the mouth of the youngest one's sack, along with the silver for his grain." The steward did as Joseph had said.
וְאֶת־גְּבִיעִי גְּבִיעַ הַכֶּסֶף תָּשִׂים בְּפִי אַמְתַּחַת הַקָּטֹן וְאֵת כֶּסֶף שִׁבְרוֹ וַיַּעַשׂ כִּדְבַר יוֹסֵף אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר׃
Ve'et-gevi'i gevi'a hakesef tasim befi amtachat hakaton ve'et kesef shivro vayas kidvar Yosef asher diber.
And my cup / the cup / of silver / you shall put / in the mouth of / the sack of the youngest / and the silver / of his grain / he did / according to the word of Joseph / which he spoke.

44:3 As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away, they and their donkeys.
הַבֹּקֶר אוֹר וְהָאֲנָשִׁים שֻׁלְּחוּ הֵמָּה וַחֲמֹרֵיהֶם׃
Haboker or veha'anashim shulechu hemah vachamoreihem.
The morning / was light / and the men / were sent away / they / and their donkeys.

44:4 When they had gone out of the city and were not yet far off, Joseph said to his steward, "Rise, follow the men, and when you overtake them, say to them, 'Why have you repaid evil for good?
הֵם יָצְאוּ אֶת־הָעִיר לֹא הִרְחִיקוּ וְיוֹסֵף אָמַר לַאֲשֶׁר עַל־בֵּיתוֹ קוּם רְדֹף אַחֲרֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים וְהִשַּׂגְתָּם וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵיהֶם לָמָה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה׃
Hem yatze'u et-ha'ir lo hirchiku veyosef amar la'asher al-beito kum redof acharei ha'anashim vehisagtam ve'amarta aleihem lamah shillamtem ra'ah tachat tovah.
They / went out / of the city / they had not gone far / and Joseph / said / to the one / over his house / rise / pursue / after / the men / and you shall overtake them / and say / to them / why / have you repaid / evil / instead of / good.

44:5 Is this not what my lord drinks from, and with which he indeed practices divination? You have done evil in what you have done.'"
הֲלוֹא זֶה אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁתֶּה אֲדֹנִי בּוֹ וְהוּא נַחֵשׁ יְנַחֵשׁ בּוֹ הֲרֵעֹתֶם אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם׃
Halo zeh asher yishte adoni bo vehu nachesh yenachesh bo here'otem asher asitem.
Is it not / this / which / drinks / my lord / from / and he / divines / indeed divines / with it / you have done evil / in what / you have done.

44:6 The steward overtook them and spoke these words to them.
וַיַּשִּׂגֵם וַיְדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה׃
Vayassigem vaydaber aleihem et-hadevarim ha'eleh.
He overtook them / and spoke / to them / the words / these.

44:7 They said to him, "Why does my lord say such things? Far be it from your servants to do such a thing.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו לָמָה יְדַבֵּר אֲדֹנִי כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה חָלִילָה לַעֲבָדֶיךָ מֵעֲשׂוֹת כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה׃
Vayomru elav lamah yedaber adoni kadevarim ha'eleh chalilah la'avadeikha me'asot kadavar hazeh.
They said / to him / why / does speak / my lord / like the words / these / far be it / from your servants / from doing / like the thing / this.

44:8 Behold, we brought back to you from the land of Canaan the silver that we found in the mouths of our sacks. How then could we steal silver or gold from your master's house?
הֵן כֶּסֶף אֲשֶׁר מָצָאוּ בְּפִי אַמְתְּחֹתֵינוּ הֱשִׁיבֹנוּ אֵלֶיךָ מֵאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וְאֵיךְ נִגְנֹב מִבֵּית אֲדֹנֶיךָ כֶּסֶף אוֹ זָהָב׃
Hen kesef asher matsau befi amtehotenu heshivonu eleicha me'erets Kena'an, ve'eich nignov mibeit adoneicha kesef o zahav.
Behold / silver / found / in the mouth of / our sacks / we returned / to you / from the land of / Canaan / how / would we steal / from the house of / master / silver / or / gold.

44:9 Whichever of your servants it is found with shall die, and we also will become my master's slaves."
אֲשֶׁר יִמָּצֵא אִתּוֹ מֵעֲבָדֶיךָ וָמֵת וְגַם־אֲנַחְנוּ נִהְיֶה לַאדֹנִי לַעֲבָדִים׃
Asher yimmatse ito me'avadeicha vamet, vegam anahnu nihyeh ladoni la'avadim.
Whoever / is found / with him / among your servants / he shall die / and we also / will become / to my master / as slaves.

44:10 The steward said, "Now let it be as you say. He with whom it is found shall be my slave, and the rest of you shall be blameless."
וַיֹּאמֶר גַּם־עַתָּה כְדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּן־הוּא אֲשֶׁר יִמָּצֵא אִתּוֹ יִהְיֶה־לִּי עָבֶד וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ נְקִיִּם׃
Vayomer gam-atah chedivreichem ken-hu, asher yimmatse ito yihyeh-li eved ve'atem tihyu neki'im.
He said / now / according to your words / so it is / found / with him / shall be / to me / a slave / and you / shall be / innocent (blameless).

44:11 Then they each quickly lowered their sacks to the ground, and each opened his sack.
וַיְמַהֲרוּ וַיּוֹרִדוּ אִישׁ אֶת־אַמְתַּחְתּוֹ אָרְצָה וַיִּפְתְּחוּ אִישׁ אַמְתַּחְתּוֹ׃
Vaymaharu vayoridu ish et-amtachto artsah vayiftahu ish amtachto.
They hurried / lowered / each man / his sack / to the ground / opened / each man / his sack.

44:12 The steward searched, beginning with the eldest and ending with the youngest, and the cup was found in Benjamin's sack.
וַיְחַפֵּשׂ בַּגָּדוֹל הֵחֵל וּבַקָּטֹן כִּלָּה וַיִּמָּצֵא הַגָּבִיעַ בְּאַמְתַּחַת בִּנְיָמִן׃
Vayehapes bagadol hehel uvakaton killah, vayimmatse hagavi'a be'amtahat Binyamin.
He searched / with the eldest / began / and with the youngest / finished / was found / the cup / in the sack / of Benjamin.

44:13 Then they tore their clothes, and each loaded his donkey and returned to the city.
וַיִּקְרְעוּ שִׂמְלֹתָם וַיַּעֲמֹס אִישׁ עַל־חֲמֹרוֹ וַיָּשֻׁבוּ הָעִירָה׃
Vayikre'u simlotam vaya'amos ish al-chamoro vayashuvu ha'irah.
They tore / their clothes / loaded / each man / on his donkey / returned / to the city.

44:14 Judah and his brothers came to Joseph's house, and he was still there. They fell before him to the ground.
וַיָּבֹא יְהוּדָה וְאֶחָיו בֵּיתָה יוֹסֵף וְהוּא עוֹדֶנּוּ שָׁם וַיִּפְּלוּ לְפָנָיו אָרְצָה׃
Vayavo Yehudah ve'echav beitah Yosef vehu odennu sham, vayipelu lefanav artsah.
Came / Judah / and his brothers / to the house of / Joseph / and he / still / was there / they fell / before him / to the ground.

44:15 Joseph said to them, "What is this deed that you have done? Did you not know that a man like me can certainly practice divination?"
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם יוֹסֵף מָה־הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם הֲלוֹא יְדַעְתֶּם כִּי־נַחֵשׁ יְנַחֵשׁ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר כָּמֹנִי׃
Vayomer lahem Yosef mah-hama'aseh hazeh asher asitem halo yeda'tem ki-nahesh yenachesh ish asher kamoni.
He said / to them / Joseph / what / deed / this / that / you did / did you not / know / that / divination / practices / a man / who / is like me.

44:16 Judah said, "What shall we say to my master? What shall we speak? How can we clear ourselves? God has exposed the guilt of your servants. Behold, we are my master's slaves, both we and he also in whose hand the cup was found."
וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה מַה־נֹּאמַר לַאדֹנִי מַה־נְּדַבֵּר וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּק הָאֱלֹהִים מָצָא אֶת־עֲוֺן עֲבָדֶיךָ הִנְנּוּ עֲבָדִים לַאדֹנִי גַּם־אֲנַחְנוּ גַּם אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָא הַגָּבִיעַ בְּיָדוֹ׃
Vayomer Yehudah mah-nomar ladoni mah-nedaber umah-nitstadak, ha'elohim matsa et-avon avadeicha, hinnu avadim ladoni gam-anahnu gam asher-nimtsa hagavi'a beyado.
Said / Judah / what / shall we say / to my master / what / shall we speak / and how / shall we justify ourselves / God / found / the guilt / of your servants / behold we are / slaves / to my master / both we / and he / who / was found / the cup / in his hand.

44:17 Joseph said, "Far be it from me to do this. The man in whose hand the cup was found shall be my slave, but as for you, go up in peace to your father."
וַיֹּאמֶר חָלִילָה לִּי מֵעֲשׂוֹת זֹאת הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא הַגָּבִיעַ בְּיָדוֹ הוּא יִהְיֶה־לִּי עָבֶד וְאַתֶּם עֲלוּ לְשָׁלוֹם אֶל־אֲבִיכֶם׃
Vayomer chalilah li me'asot zot, ha'ish asher nimtsa hagavi'a beyado hu yihyeh-li eved ve'atem alu leshalom el-avichem.
He said / far be it / from me / to do / this / the man / who / was found / the cup / in his hand / he / shall be / to me / a slave / and you / go up / in peace / to your father.

44:18 Then Judah approached him and said, "Oh my master, please let your servant speak a word in my master's ears, and do not let your anger burn against your servant, for you are like Pharaoh."
וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה וַיֹּאמֶר בִּי אֲדֹנִי יְדַבֶּר־נָא עַבְדְּךָ דָבָר בְּאָזְנֵי אֲדֹנִי וְאַל־יִחַר אַפְּךָ בְּעַבְדֶּךָ כִּי כָמוֹךָ כְּפַרְעֹה׃
Vayigash elav Yehudah vayomer bi adoni yedaber-na avdecha davar be'oznei adoni, ve'al-yihar apcha be'avdecha ki chamocha kefar'oh.
Approached / to him / Judah / and said / oh / my master / let speak / please / your servant / a word / in the ears of / my master / and do not / burn / your anger / against your servant / for / like you / is like Pharaoh.

44:19 My master asked his servants, saying, 'Do you have a father or a brother?'
אֲדֹנִי שָׁאַל אֶת־עֲבָדָיו לֵאמֹר הֲיֵשׁ־לָכֶם אָב אוֹ־אָח׃
Adoni sha'al et-avadav le'amor, hayesh-lachem av o-ach.
My master / asked / his servants / saying / is there / to you / a father / or / a brother.

44:20 We answered my master, 'We have an old father, and a young child of his old age. His brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loves him.'
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־אֲדֹנִי יֶשׁ־לָנוּ אָב זָקֵן וְיֶלֶד זְקֻנִים קָטָן וְאָחִיו מֵת וַיִּוָּתֵר הוּא לְבַדּוֹ לְאִמּוֹ וְאָבִיו אֲהֵבוֹ׃
Vayomer el-adoni yesh-lanu av zaken veyeled zekunim katan, ve'achiv met vayivater hu levado le'imo ve'aviv ahevo.
He said / to my master / we have / a father / old / and a child / of old age / young / and his brother / is dead / and left / he / alone / of his mother / and his father / loves him.

44:21 My master said to his servants, 'Bring him down to me, that I may set my eyes on him.'
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדֶיךָ הוֹרִדֻהוּ אֵלָי וְאָשִׂימָה עֵינִי עָלָיו׃
Vayomer el-avadeicha horiduhu elai ve'asimah eini alav.
He said / to your servants / bring him down / to me / and I will set / my eye / upon him.

44:22 We answered my master, 'The boy cannot leave his father. If he should leave his father, his father would die.'
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־אֲדֹנִי לֹא־יוּכַל הַנַּעַר לַעֲזֹב אֶת־אָבִיו וְעָזַב אֶת־אָבִיו וָמֵת׃
Vayomer el-adoni lo-yuchal hanna'ar la'azov et-aviv, ve'azav et-aviv vamet.
He said / to my master / cannot / the boy / to leave / his father / and if he leaves / his father / he will die.

44:23 My master said to his servants, 'Unless your youngest brother comes down with you, you shall not see my face again.'
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדֶיךָ אִם־לֹא יֵרֵד אֲחִיכֶם הַקָּטֹן אִתְּכֶם לֹא תֹסִפוּן לִרְאוֹת פָּנָי׃
Vayomer el-avadeicha im-lo yered achichem hakaton itchem lo tosifun lir'ot panai.
He said / to your servants / if / not / comes down / your brother / the youngest / with you / you shall not / add / to see / my face.

44:24 When we went up to your servant my father, we told him the words of my master.
וַיְהִי כִּי עָלִינוּ אֶל־עַבְדְּךָ אָבִי וַנַּגֶּד־לוֹ אֵת דִּבְרֵי אֲדֹנִי׃
Vayehi ki alinu el-avdecha avi vannaged-lo et divrei adoni.
It happened / when / we went up / to your servant / my father / we told / to him / the words / of my master.

44:25 Then our father said, 'Go back, buy us a little food.'
וַיֹּאמֶר אָבִינוּ שֻׁבוּ שִׁבְרוּ־לָנוּ מְעַט־אֹכֶל׃
Vayomer avinu shuvu shivru-lanu me'at-ochel.
Said / our father / return / buy / for us / a little / food.

44:26 We said, 'We cannot go down. If our youngest brother is with us, then we will go down; for we cannot see the man's face if our youngest brother is not with us.'
וַנֹּאמֶר לֹא נוּכַל לָרֶדֶת אִם־יֵשׁ אָחִינוּ הַקָּטֹן אִתָּנוּ וְיָרַדְנוּ כִּי־לֹא נוּכַל לִרְאוֹת פְּנֵי הָאִישׁ וְאָחִינוּ הַקָּטֹן אֵינֶנּוּ אִתָּנוּ׃
Vannomer lo nuchal laredet, im-yesh achinu hakaton itanu veyaradnu, ki-lo nuchal lir'ot penei ha'ish ve'achinu hakaton einennu itanu.
We said / not / we can / to go down / if / is / our brother / the youngest / with us / we will go down / for / not / we can / to see / the face of / the man / and our brother / the youngest / is not / with us.

44:27 Your servant my father said to us, 'As you know, my wife bore me two sons.'
וַיֹּאמֶר עַבְדְּךָ אָבִי אֵלֵינוּ אַתֶּם יְדַעְתֶּם כִּי שְׁנַיִם יָלְדָה־לִּי אִשְׁתִּי׃
Vayomer avdecha avi eleinu atem yeda'tem ki shenayim yaldah-li ishti.
Said / your servant / my father / to us / you / know / that / two / bore / to me / my wife.

44:28 One went out from me, and I said, 'Surely he is torn in pieces,' and I have not seen him since.
וַיֵּצֵא הָאֶחָד מֵאִתִּי וָאֹמַר אַךְ טָרֹף טֹרָף וְלֹא רְאִיתִיו עַד־הֵנָּה׃
Vayyetze ha'echad me'itti va'omar ach tarof toraf velo re'itiv ad hennah.
One / went out / from me / I said / surely / torn in pieces / and / have not seen / until now.

44:29 If you take this one also from me, and harm befalls him, you will bring down my gray hair in sorrow to the grave.'
וּלְקַחְתֶּם גַּם־אֶת־זֶה מֵעִם פָּנַי וְקָרָהוּ אָסוֹן וְהוֹרַדְתֶּם אֶת־שֵיבָתִי בְּרָעָה שְׁאֹלָה׃
Ulekachtem gam et zeh me'im panai, vekarahu ason vehoredtem et seivati bera'ah she'olah.
If you take / this one too / from before me / and disaster / befalls him / you will bring down / my gray hair / in evil/sorrow / to the grave.

44:30 Now therefore, when I come to your servant my father, and the lad is not with us, since his life is bound up in the lad's life,
וְעַתָּה כְּבֹאִי אֶל־עַבְדְּךָ אָבִי וְהַנַּעַר אֵינֶנּוּ אִתָּנוּ וְנַפְשׁוֹ קְשׁוּרָה בְנַפְשׁוֹ׃
Ve'attah kevo'i el-avdekha avi vehanna'ar einennu ittanu venafsho keshurah venafsho.
And now / when I come / to your servant / my father / and the lad / is not / with us / and his soul / is bound / to his soul.

44:31 it will come to pass, when he sees that the lad is not with us, that he will die. So your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father with sorrow to the grave.
וְהָיָה כִּרְאוֹתוֹ כִּי־אֵין הַנַּעַר וָמֵת וְהוֹרִידוּ עֲבָדֶיךָ אֶת־שֵׂיבַת עַבְדְּךָ אָבִינוּ בְּיָגוֹן שְׁאֹלָה׃
Vehayah kir'oto ki-ein hanna'ar vamet vehoridu avadekha et seivat avdekha avinu beyagon she'olah.
It will be / when he sees / that there is no / lad / he will die / your servants will bring down / the gray hair / of your servant / our father / in sorrow / to the grave.

44:32 For your servant became surety for the lad to my father, saying, 'If I do not bring him back to you, then I shall bear the blame before my father forever.'
כִּי עַבְדְּךָ עָרַב אֶת־הַנַּעַר מֵעִם אָבִי לֵאמֹר אִם־לֹא אֲבִיאֶנּוּ אֵלֶיךָ וְחָטָאתִי לְאָבִי כָּל־הַיָּמִים׃
Ki avdekha arav et-hanna'ar me'im avi le'emor im-lo avi'ennu eleikha vechatati le'avi kol-hayamim.
For / your servant / became surety / for the lad / from my father / saying / if / I do not bring him / to you / I will have sinned / to my father / all the days.

44:33 Now therefore, please let your servant remain instead of the lad as a slave to my lord, and let the lad go up with his brothers.
וְעַתָּה יֵשֶׁב־נָא עַבְדְּךָ תַּחַת הַנַּעַר עֶבֶד לַאדֹנִי וְהַנַּעַר יַעַל עִם־אֶחָיו׃
Ve'attah yeshev-na avdekha tachat hanna'ar eved ladoni vehanna'ar ya'al im-echav.
And now / let remain / please / your servant / instead of / the lad / as a slave / to my lord / and the lad / let him go up / with his brothers.

44:34 For how shall I go up to my father if the lad is not with me, lest perhaps I see the evil that would come upon my father?'
כִּי־אֵיךְ אֶעֱלֶה אֶל־אָבִי וְהַנַּעַר אֵינֶנּוּ אִתִּי פֶּן אֶרְאֶה בָרָע אֲשֶׁר יִמְצָא אֶת־אָבִי׃
Ki-eich e'eleh el-avi vehanna'ar einennu itti pen er'eh vara asher yimtza et-avi.
For / how / shall I go up / to my father / and the lad / is not / with me / lest / I see / the evil / that / will find / my father.

4. Hebrew Vocabulary List

Below is a selection of the main Hebrew words appearing in Genesis chapters 43 and 44. This list covers keywords that played an extremely important role this time, as well as frequently appearing vocabulary.

גָּבִיעַ (Gavia): Cup. (Important vocabulary)
כֶּסֶף (Kesef): Silver. (Important vocabulary)
אֵל שַׁדַּי (El Shaddai): God Almighty. (Important vocabulary)
שָׁלוֹם (Shalom): Peace, welfare.
אֲמְתַּחַת (Amtachat): Sack.
עֶבֶד (Eved) / עֲבָדִים (Avadim): Servant, slave.
נַּעַר (Na'ar): Young man, lad, boy.
אָב (Av): Father.
אָח (Ach): Brother.
אִישׁ (Ish): Man, that man.
מִצְרָיִם (Mitzrayim): Egypt.
אֹכֶל (Okhel): Food.
שֶׁבֶר (Shever): Grain.
לֶחֶם (Lechem): Bread, meal.
מִנְחָה (Minchah): Gift.
חֲמוֹר (Chamor): Donkey.
רָעָה (Ra'ah): Evil, disaster.
טוֹבָה (Tovah): Good.
זָקֵן (Zaken): Old, elder.
קָטָן (Katon): Young, small.
פָּנִים (Panim): Face, front.
עַיִן (Ayin): Eye.
יָד (Yad): Hand.
בַּיִת (Bayit): House.
עִיר (Ir): City.
שְׁאוֹל (Sheol): Grave/Underworld.
אָמַר (Amar): To say.
דִּבֵּר (Dibber): To speak.
יָרַד (Yarad): To go down.
עָלָה (Alah): To go up.
שׁוּב (Shuv): To return.
רָאָה (Ra'ah): To see.
יָדַע (Yada): To know.
מָצָא (Matza): To find.
נָתַן (Natan): To give.
עָשָׂה (Asah): To do, make.
הָלַךְ (Halakh): To go.
קוּם (Kum): To stand, rise.
נָחַם (Nacham): To comfort (related term from previous chapters).
נָחֵשׁ (Nachesh): To divine/practice divination.

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