Hebrew-Parallel: Literary Japanese Translation of Genesis (18)

Hebrew-Parallel: Literary Japanese Translation of Genesis (18)

v1.2

1. Translation Policy

This translation is an artistic endeavor to reconstruct the spirit and majesty inherent in the original Hebrew text using the dignified resonance of classical Japanese literary style. Beyond the confines of a literal translation, it aims to express the grand narrative of Genesis in a unique style through liberal translation and adaptation.

In translating, the following basic principles were strictly adhered to.

Emphasis on Concise Expression and Rhythm: Following the economy of language seen in Waka and Haiku, redundant particles and decorations have been stripped away as much as possible. The origins of place names and personal names, as well as the repetitive expressions found in genealogies, are utilized as a powerful rhythm that demonstrates the multi-layered nature of history.

Dignity Based on Classical Literary Style: While grounding the text in classical literary Japanese, a balance with readability has been sought so that modern readers can intuitively understand the context. Vulgar tones are strictly excluded, pursuing perfection as an artistic literary style.

Presentation of Strict Style and Relationships: Hiragana is replaced with Kanji as much as possible to maintain visual gravity. To express the absoluteness of God, archaic honorific expressions (such as "tamau") are used only for God's actions, and by maintaining a style that excludes excessive decorative honorifics, the fundamental relationship between God as the Creator and humans as the created is clearly expressed.

[About the Production Background]

This literary translation was generated and edited through collaboration with AI, based on the creator's clear concept. While the original Bible text is in the public domain, this translation is an attempt to aim for a new creative expression by converting it into a unique style based on that foundation. We welcome readers to freely quote and share this for non-profit purposes such as education, research, and private use. However, please refrain from unauthorized modification or commercial use of the text.

2. Commentary

This translation is an attempt to reconstruct the spiritual renewal of the patriarch Jacob and the genealogy of Esau in the 35th and 36th chapters of Genesis within the aesthetic beauty of the classical Japanese literary style.

"Arise, go up to Bethel" (35:1):
God commands Jacob to return to Bethel, the holy place where he once saw the vision of the ladder to heaven. This is a crucial turning point that reminds him of past vows and causes him to return to the origin of his faith.

"Put away the foreign gods" (35:2):
The ritual of removing idols from the household and purifying themselves before heading to the sanctuary at Bethel symbolizes the thorough purification required before approaching the holy God.

"Israel" (35:10):
The name given after the struggle at Penuel is declared again by God Himself here at Bethel. This prophetically indicates not only the transformation of Jacob as an individual but also the departure of the Israelite people as the future chosen nation.

"The death of Rachel and Benjamin" (35:18):
The death of his beloved wife Rachel and the birth of his youngest son Benjamin are depicted in contrast. This translation reads Jacob's renaming of "Ben-oni" (son of my sorrow), named in the midst of birth pains, to "Benjamin" (son of the right hand) as a sublimation of tragedy into hope.

"The genealogy of Esau, that is, Edom" (36:1):
The 36th chapter is devoted to the vast genealogy of Jacob's brother Esau (Edom). Edom would later become a nation that confronts Israel, and the process by which God's blessing reaches another descendant of Abraham to the point of forming a kingdom is recorded with a cold, objective pen.

"The kings of Edom" (36:31):
This translation reads the names of the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before a king arose in Israel as a symbolic contrast between the speed of worldly prosperity and the time of waiting in God's plan.

3. Hebrew-Parallel Literary Translation

Genesis Chapter 35

35:1 God said to Jacob, "Arise, go up to Bethel and dwell there; and make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you fled from the face of Esau your brother."
וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־יַעֲקֹב קוּם עֲלֵה בֵית־אֵל וְשֶׁב־שָׁם וַעֲשֵׂה־שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ לָאֵל הַנִּרְאֶה אֵלֶיךָ בְּבָרְחֲךָ מִפְּנֵי עֵשָׂו אָחִיךָ׃
Vayomer Elohim el Yaakov, kum aleh Beit-El veshev sham, va'aseh sham mizbe'ach la'el hannir'eh eleicha bevorkhacha mippenei Esav achicha.
Said / God / to / Jacob / Arise / go up / to Bethel / dwell / there / make / there / an altar / to the God / who appeared / to you / when you fled / from the face of / Esau / your brother.

35:2 Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, "Put away the foreign gods that are among you, purify yourselves, and change your garments."
וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וְאֶל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֹ הָסִרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר אֲשֶׁר בְּתֹכְכֶם וְהִטַּהֲרוּ וְהַחֲלִיפוּ שִׂמְלֹתֵיכֶם׃
Vayomer Yaakov el beito ve'el kol asher immo, hasiru et-elohei hannechar asher betochechem vehittaharu vehachalifu simloteichem.
Said / Jacob / to his house (household) / and to all / who are with him / put away / the gods / foreign / that are / among you / purify yourselves / change / your garments.

35:3 "Let us arise and go up to Bethel; and I will make an altar there to God, who answered me in the day of my distress and has been with me in the way which I have gone."
וְנָקוּמָה וְנַעֲלֶה בֵּית־אֵל וְאֶעֱשֶׂה־שָּׁם מִזְבֵּחַ לָאֵל הָעֹנֶה אֹתִי בְּיוֹם צָרָתִי וַיְהִי עִמָּדִי בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הָלָכְתִּי׃
Venakumah vena'aleh Beit-El, ve'e'eseh-sham mizbe'ach la'el ha'oneh oti beyom tzarati, vayhi immadi badderech asher halachti.
Let us arise / go up / to Bethel / I will make / there / an altar / to the God / who answered / me / in the day / of my distress / and was / with me / in the way / that / I walked.

35:4 So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hands, and the earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the terebinth tree which was by Shechem.
וַיִּתְּנוּ אֶל־יַעֲקֹב אֵת כָּל־אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדָם וְאֶת־הַנְּזָמִים אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶם וַיִּטְמֹן אֹתָם יַעֲקֹב תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אֲשֶׁר עִם־שְׁכֶם׃
Vayittenu el Yaakov et kol-elohei hannechar asher beyadam, ve'et hannezamim asher be'ozneichem, vayitmon otam Yaakov tachat ha'elah asher im-Shechem.
They gave / to Jacob / all the gods / foreign / that were / in their hands / and the earrings / that were / in their ears / hid / them / Jacob / under / the terebinth (oak) / that was / by Shechem.

35:5 And they journeyed. The terror of God was upon the cities that were all around them, and they did not pursue the sons of Jacob.
וַיִּסָּעוּ וַיְהִי חִתַּת אֱלֹהִים עַל־הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם וְלֹא רָדְפוּ אַחֲרֵי בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב׃
Vayissau vayhi chittat Elohim al-he'arim asher sevivoteyhem, velo radfu acharei bnei Yaakov.
They journeyed / was / the terror / of God / upon the cities / that were / around them / and did not / pursue / after / the sons of Jacob.

35:6 So Jacob came to Luz (that is, Bethel), which is in the land of Canaan, he and all the people who were with him.
וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב לוּזָה אֲשֶׁר בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן הִיא בֵּית־אֵל הוּא וְכָל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּוֹ׃
Vayavo Yaakov Luzah asher be'eretz Kena'an, hi Beit-El, hu vechol ha'am asher-immo.
Came / Jacob / to Luz / that is / in the land / of Canaan / it is / Bethel / he / and all the people / who were / with him.

35:7 And he built an altar there and called the place El-Bethel, because there God appeared to him when he fled from the face of his brother.
וַיִּבֶן שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ וַיִּקְרָא לַמָּקוֹם אֵל בֵּית־אֵל כִּי שָׁם נִגְלוּ אֵלָיו הָאֱלֹהִים בְּבָרְחוֹ מִפְּנֵי אָחִיו׃
Vayiven sham mizbe'ach, vayikra lammakom El Beit-El, ki sham niglu elav ha'Elohim bevorkho mippenei achiv.
Built / there / an altar / called / the place / El-Bethel / because / there / appeared (were revealed) / to him / God / when he fled / from the face of / his brother.

35:8 Now Deborah, Rebekah's nurse, died, and she was buried below Bethel under the oak tree. So the name of it was called Allon Bachuth.
וַתָּמָת דְּבֹרָה מֵינֶקֶת רִבְקָה וַתִּקָּבֵר מִתַּחַת לְבֵית־אֵל תַּחַת הָאַלּוֹן וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמוֹ אַלּוֹן בָּכוּת׃
Vattamot Devorah mineket Rivkah, vattikaver mittachat leBeit-El tachat ha'allon, vayikra shemo Allon Bachut.
Died / Deborah / nurse / of Rebekah / was buried / under / Bethel / under / the oak / called / its name / Allon Bachuth (Oak of Weeping).

35:9 Then God appeared to Jacob again, when he came from Padan Aram, and blessed him.
וַיֵּרָא אֱלֹהִים אֶל־יַעֲקֹב עוֹד בְּבֹאוֹ מִפַּדַּן אֲרָם וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתוֹ׃
Vayera Elohim el Yaakov od bevo'o miPaddan Aram, vayvarech oto.
Appeared / God / to Jacob / again / when he came / from Padan Aram / blessed / him.

35:10 And God said to him, "Your name is Jacob; your name shall not be called Jacob anymore, but Israel shall be your name." So He called his name Israel.
וַיֹּאמֶר־לוֹ אֱלֹהִים שִׁמְךָ יַעֲקֹב לֹא־יִקָּרֵא שִׁמְךָ עוֹד יַעֲקֹב כִּי אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל יִהְיֶה שְׁמֶךָ וַיִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל׃
Vayomer-lo Elohim, shimcha Yaakov, lo-yikkare shimcha od Yaakov, ki im-Yisra'el yihyeh shemecha, vayikra et-shemo Yisra'el.
Said / to him / God / your name / is Jacob / shall not be called / your name / anymore / Jacob / but / Israel / shall be / your name / called / his name / Israel.

35:11 Also God said to him, "I am God Almighty. Be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall proceed from you, and kings shall come from your body."
וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ אֱלֹהִים אֲנִי אֵל שַׁדַּי פְּרֵה וּרְבֵה גּוֹי וּקְהַל גּוֹיִם יִהְיֶה מִמֶּךָּ וּמְלָכִים מֵחֲלָצֶיךָ יֵצֵאוּ׃
Vayomer lo Elohim, ani El Shaddai, pereh urevah, goy ukehal goyim yihyeh mimmecha, umelachim mechalatzeicha yetze'u.
Said / to him / God / I am / God Almighty (El Shaddai) / be fruitful / multiply / a nation / a company of nations / shall be / from you / and kings / from your body / shall come.

35:12 "The land which I gave Abraham and Isaac I give to you; and to your descendants after you I give this land."
וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם וּלְיִצְחָק לְךָ אֶתְּנֶנָּה וּלְזַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ אֶתֵּן אֶת־הָאָרֶץ׃
Ve'et-ha'aretz asher natatti leAvraham uleYitzchak, lecha ettenennah, ulezar'acha achareicha etten et-ha'aretz.
And the land / that / I gave / to Abraham / and to Isaac / to you / I will give / and to your descendants / after you / I will give / the land.

35:13 Then God went up from him in the place where He talked with him.
וַיַּעַל מֵעָלָיו אֱלֹהִים בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ׃
Vaya'al me'alav Elohim bammakom asher-dibber itto.
Went up / from him / God / in the place / where / He talked / with him.

35:14 So Jacob set up a pillar in the place where He talked with him, a pillar of stone; and he poured a drink offering on it, and he poured oil on it.
וַיַּצֵּב יַעֲקֹב מַצֵּבָה בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ מַצֶּבֶת אָבֶן וַיַּסֵּךְ עָלֶיהָ נֶסֶךְ וַיִּצֹק עָלֶיהָ שָׁמֶן׃
Vayattzev Yaakov matzevah bammakom asher-dibber itto, matzevet aven, vayassech aleiha nesech, vayitzok aleiha shemen.
Set up / Jacob / a pillar / in the place / where / He talked / with him / a pillar of stone / poured / on it / a drink offering / poured / on it / oil.

35:15 And Jacob called the name of the place where God spoke with him, Bethel.
וַיִּקְרָא יַעֲקֹב אֶת־שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ שָׁם אֱלֹהִים בֵּית־אֵל׃
Vayikra Yaakov et-shem hammakom asher dibber itto sham Elohim, Beit-El.
Called / Jacob / the name / of the place / where / spoke / with him / there / God / Bethel.

35:16 Then they journeyed from Bethel. And when there was but a little distance to go to Ephrath, Rachel labored in childbirth, and she had hard labor.
וַיִּסְעוּ מִבֵּית אֵל וַיְהִי־עוֹד כִּבְרַת־הָאָרֶץ לָבוֹא אֶפְרָתָה וַתֵּלֶד רָחֵל וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ׃
Vayissau miBeit-El, vayhi-od kivrat-ha'aretz lavo Efratah, vatteled Rachel vattekesh belidttah.
They journeyed / from Bethel / was / still / a little distance / to come / to Ephrath / gave birth / Rachel / and she had hard labor / in her labor.

35:17 Now it came to pass, when she was in hard labor, that the midwife said to her, "Do not fear; you will have this son also."
וַיְהִי בְהַקְשֹׁתָהּ בְּלִדְתָּהּ וַתֹּאמֶר לָהּ הַמְיַלֶּדֶת אַל־תִּירְאִי כִּי־גַם־זֶה לָךְ בֵּן׃
Vayhi vehakshtah belidttah, vattomer lah hamiyalledet, al-tiri ki-gam-zeh lach ben.
It came to pass / when she was in hard labor / in her labor / said / to her / the midwife / do not fear / because / also / this / for you / is a son.

35:18 And so it was, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she called his name Ben-Oni; but his father called him Benjamin.
וַיְהִי בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ כִּי מֵתָה וַתִּקְרָא שְׁמוֹ בֶּן־אוֹנִי וְאָבִיו קָרָא־לוֹ בִנְיָמִין׃
Vayhi betzet nafshah ki metah, vattikra shemo Ben-Oni, ve'aviv kara-lo Vinyamin.
It was / as departing / her soul / for / she died / called / his name / Ben-Oni (Son of my sorrow) / his father / called / him / Benjamin (Son of my right hand).

35:19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).
וַתָּמָת רָחֵל וַתִּקָּבֵר בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶפְרָתָה הִיא בֵּית לָחֶם׃
Vattamot Rachel, vattikaver bederech Efratah, hi Beit-Lechem.
Died / Rachel / was buried / on the way / to Ephrath / that is / Bethlehem.

35:20 And Jacob set a pillar on her grave, which is the pillar of Rachel's grave to this day.
וַיַּצֵּב יַעֲקֹב מַצֵּבָה עַל־קְבֻרָתָהּ הִיא מַצֶּבֶת קְבֻרַת־רָחֵל עַד־הַיּוֹם׃
Vayattzev Yaakov matzevah al-kevurtah, hi matzevet kevurat-Rachel ad-hayom.
Set up / Jacob / a pillar / on / her grave / it is / the pillar / of Rachel's grave / until / this day.

35:21 Israel set out and pitched his tent beyond Migdal-Eder.
וַיִּסַּע יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּט אָהֳלֹה מֵהָלְאָה לְמִגְדַּל־עֵדֶר׃
Vayissa Yisrael vayet oholo mehal'ah lemigdal-eder.
Set out / Israel / pitched / his tent / beyond / Migdal-Eder.

35:22 While Israel was living in that land, Reuben went and lay with Bilhah, his father's concubine. Israel heard of it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve.
וַיְהִי בִּשְׁכֹּן יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאָרֶץ הַהִוא וַיֵּלֶךְ רְאוּבֵן וַיִּשְׁכַּב אֶת־בִּלְהָה פִּילֶגֶשׁ אָבִיו וַיִּשְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵי־יַעֲקֹב שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר׃
Vayehi bishkon Yisrael ba'aretz hahi, vayelech Reuven vayishkav et-Bilhah pilegesh aviv, vayishma Yisrael. Vayhiyu venei-Yaakov shneim asar.
It came to pass / while dwelling / Israel / in the land / that / went / Reuben / and lay / with Bilhah / concubine / his father / heard / Israel. There were / sons of Jacob / twelve.

35:23 The sons of Leah: Jacob's firstborn Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.
בְּנֵי לֵאָה בְּכוֹר יַעֲקֹב רְאוּבֵן וְשִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי וִיהוּדָה וְיִשָּׂשכָר וּזְבוּלֻן׃
Benei Leah, bechor Yaakov Reuven, veshimon, velevi, vihudah, veissachar, uzevulun.
Sons of Leah / firstborn / of Jacob / Reuben / Simeon / Levi / Judah / Issachar / Zebulun.

35:24 The sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin.
בְּנֵי רָחֵל יוֹסֵף וּבִניָמִן׃
Benei Rachel, Yosef uvinyamin.
Sons of Rachel / Joseph / Benjamin.

35:25 The sons of Bilhah, Rachel's servant: Dan and Naphtali.
וּבְנֵי בִלְהָה שִׁפְחַת רָחֵל דָּן וְנַפְתָּלִי׃
Uvenei Bilhah shifhat Rachel, Dan venaftali.
Sons of Bilhah / servant / of Rachel / Dan / Naphtali.

35:26 The sons of Zilpah, Leah's servant: Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan-Aram.
וּבְנֵי זִלְפָּה שִׁפְחַת לֵאָה גָּד וְאָשֵׁר אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב אֲשֶׁר יֻלַּד־לוֹ בְּפַדַּן אֲרָם׃
Uvenei Zilpah shifhat Leah, Gad veasher. Elle venei Yaakov asher yullad-lo bepaddan aram.
Sons of Zilpah / servant / of Leah / Gad / Asher. These / sons of Jacob / who / were born / to him / in Paddan-Aram.

35:27 Jacob came to Mamre, Kiriath-Arba, that is, Hebron, to his father Isaac. This is where Abraham and Isaac had sojourned.
וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב אֶל־יִצְחָק אָבִיו מַמְרֵא קִרְיַת הָאַרְבַּע הִיא חֶבְרוֹן אֲשֶׁר־גָּר־שָׁם אַבְרָהָם וְיִצְחָק׃
Vayavo Yaakov el-Yitzhak aviv, Mamre Kiryat Ha'arba, hi Hevron, asher-gar-sham Avraham veYitzhak.
Came / Jacob / to Isaac / his father / Mamre / Kiriath-Arba / it is / Hebron / where / sojourned / there / Abraham / and Isaac.

35:28 The days of Isaac were 180 years.
וַיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי יִצְחָק מְאַת שָׁנָה וּשְׁמֹנִים שָׁנָה׃
Vayhiyu yemei Yitzhak me'at shanah ushmonim shanah.
Were / days of Isaac / hundred / years / and eighty / years.

35:29 Isaac breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his people, old and full of days. His sons Esau and Jacob buried him.
וַיִּגְוַע יִצְחָק וַיָּמָת וַיֵּאָסֶף אֶל־עַמָּיו זָקֵן וּשְׂבַע יָמִים וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ עֵשָׂו וְיַעֲקֹב בָּנָיו׃
Vayigva Yitzhak vayamot vayeseph el-ammav, zaken useva yamim. Vayikberu oto Esav veYaakov banav.
Breathed his last / Isaac / died / was gathered / to his people / old / and full / of days. Buried / him / Esau / and Jacob / his sons.

Genesis Chapter 36

36:1 These are the generations of Esau, that is, Edom.
וְאֵלֶּה תֹּלְדוֹת עֵשָׂו הוּא אֱדוֹם׃
Ve'elle toldot Esav hu Edom.
These / generations / of Esau / that is / Edom.

36:2 Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite,
עֵשָׂו לָקַח אֶת־נָשָׁיו מִבְּנוֹת כְּנָעַן אֶת־עָדָה בַּת־אֵילוֹן הַחִתִּי וְאֶת־אָהֳלִיבָמָה בַּת־עֲנָה בַּת־צִבְעוֹן הַחִוִּי׃
Esav lakach et-nashav mibenot Kenaan, et-Adah bat-Elon hahitti, ve'et-Oholivamah bat-Anah bat-Tzivon hahivvi.
Esau / took / his wives / from daughters / of Canaan / Adah / daughter / of Elon / the Hittite / Oholibamah / daughter / of Anah / daughter / of Zibeon / the Hivite.

36:3 and Basemath, Ishmael's daughter, the sister of Nebaioth.
וְאֶת־בָּשְׂמַת בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵאל אֲחוֹת נְבָיוֹת׃
Ve'et-Basemat bat-Yishmael achot Nevayot.
And / Basemath / daughter / of Ishmael / sister / of Nebaioth.

36:4 Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel.
וַתֵּלֶד עָדָה לְעֵשָׂו אֶת־אֱלִיפָז וּבָשְׂמַת יָלְדָה אֶת־רְעוּאֵל׃
Vatteled Adah leEsav et-Eliphaz, uvasemat yaldah et-Reuel.
Bore / Adah / to Esau / Eliphaz / Basemath / bore / Reuel.

36:5 Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. These are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
וְאָהֳלִיבָמָה יָלְדָה אֶת־יעושׁ וְאֶת־יַעְלָם וְאֶת־קֹרַח אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי עֵשָׂו אֲשֶׁר יֻלְּדוּ־לוֹ בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן׃
VeOholivamah yaldah et-Yeush ve'et-Yalam ve'et-Korah. Elle venei Esav asher yulledu-lo be'eretz Kenaan.
Oholibamah / bore / Jeush / Jalam / Korah. These / sons of Esau / who / were born / to him / in land / of Canaan.

36:6 Esau took his wives, his sons, his daughters, all the people of his house, his livestock, all his cattle, and all his property that he had acquired in the land of Canaan, and went to another land away from his brother Jacob.
וַיִּקַּח עֵשָׂו אֶת־נָשָׁיו וְאֶת־בָּנָיו וְאֶת־בְּנֹתָיו וְאֶת־כָּל־נַפְשׁוֹת בֵּיתוֹ וְאֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ וְאֶת־כָּל־בְּהֶמְתּוֹ וְאֵת כָּל־קִנְיָנוֹ אֲשֶׁר רָכַשׁ בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וַיֵּלֶךְ אֶל־אֶרֶץ מִפְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב אָחִיו׃
Vayikkach Esav et-nashav ve'et-banav ve'et-benotav ve'et-kol-nafshot beito ve'et-miknehu ve'et-kol-behemto ve'et kol-kinyano asher rachash be'eretz Kenaan, vayelech el-eretz mippenei Yaakov achiv.
Took / Esau / his wives / his sons / his daughters / all / souls (people) / of his house / his livestock / all / his cattle / all / his property / that / he acquired / in land / of Canaan / went / to land / from before / Jacob / his brother.

36:7 Because their possessions were too great for them to dwell together, and the land where they sojourned could not support them because of their livestock.
כִּי־הָיָה רְכוּשָׁם רָב מִשֶּׁבֶת יַחְדָּו וְלֹא יָכְלָה אֶרֶץ מְגוּרֵיהֶם לָשֵׂאת אֹתָם מִפְּנֵי מִקְנֵיהֶם׃
Ki-hayah rechusham rav mishevet yachdav, velo yachlah eretz megureihem laset otam mippenei mikneihem.
Because / was / their property / great / from dwelling / together / could not / land / of their sojourning / support / them / because of / their livestock.

36:8 Esau lived in the hill country of Seir. Esau is Edom.
וַיֵּשֶׁב עֵשָׂו בְּהַר שֵׂעִיר עֵשָׂו הוּא אֱדוֹם׃
Vayeshev Esav behar Seir, Esav hu Edom.
Lived / Esau / in hill country / of Seir. Esau / is / Edom.

36:9 These are the generations of Esau, the father of the Edomites, in the hill country of Seir.
וְאֵלֶּה תֹּלְדוֹת עֵשָׂו אֲבִי אֱדוֹם בְּהַר שֵׂעִיר׃
Ve'elle toldot Esav avi Edom behar Seir.
These / generations / of Esau / father / of Edomites / in hill country / of Seir.

36:10 These are the names of Esau's sons: Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, and Reuel the son of Basemath the wife of Esau.
אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי־עֵשָׂו אֱלִיפַז בֶּן־עָדָה אֵשֶׁת עֵשָׂו רְעוּאֵל בֶּן־בָּשְׂמַת אֵשֶׁת עֵשָׂו׃
Elle shemot benei-Esav: Eliphaz ben-Adah eshet Esav, Reuel ben-Basemat eshet Esav.
These / names / of sons of Esau / Eliphaz / son / of Adah / wife / of Esau / Reuel / son / of Basemath / wife / of Esau.

36:11 The sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.
וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵי אֱלִיפָז תֵּימָן אוֹמָר צְפוֹ וְגַעְתָּם וּקְנַז׃
Vayhiyu venei Eliphaz, Teman, Omar, Zepho, veGaatam, uKenaz.
Were/The sons of Eliphaz/Teman/Omar/Zepho/Gatam/Kenaz.

36:12 Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz, Esau's son, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Adah, Esau's wife.
וְתִמְנַע הָיְתָה פִילֶגֶשׁ לֶאֱלִיפַז בֶּן־עֵשָׂו וַתֵּלֶד לֶאֱלִיפַז אֶת־עֲמָלֵק אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי עָדָה אֵשֶׁת עֵשָׂו׃
Vetimna hayetah pilegesh leEliphaz ben-Esav, vatteled leEliphaz et-Amalek. Elle venei Adah eshet Esav.
And Timna/was/concubine/of Eliphaz/son/of Esau/bore/to Eliphaz/Amalek. These/are the sons/of Adah/wife/of Esau.

36:13 The sons of Reuel were Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the sons of Basemath, Esau's wife.
וְאֵלֶּה בְּנֵי רְעוּאֵל נַחַת וָזֶרַח שַׁמָּה וּמִזָּה אֵלֶּה הָיוּ בְּנֵי בָשְׂמַת אֵשֶׁת עֵשָׂו׃
Veelle venei Reuel, Nahath vazerah Shammah umizzah. Elle hayu venei Basemath eshet Esav.
These/are the sons of Reuel/Nahath/Zerah/Shammah/Mizzah. These/were/sons/of Basemath/wife/of Esau.

36:14 These are the sons of Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon, Esau's wife. She bore to Esau Jeush, Jalam, and Korah.
וְאֵלֶּה הָיוּ בְּנֵי אָהֳלִיבָמָה בַת־עֲנָה בַּת־צִבְעוֹן אֵשֶׁת עֵשָׂו וַתֵּלֶד לְעֵשָׂו אֶת־יעושׁ וְאֶת־יַעְלָם וְאֶת־קֹרַח׃
Veelle hayu venei Oholibamah bat-Anah bat-Zibeon eshet Esav, vatteled leEsav et-Jeush veet-Jalam veet-Korah.
These/were/the sons of Oholibamah/daughter/of Anah/daughter/of Zibeon/wife/of Esau. Bore/to Esau/Jeush/Jalam/Korah.

36:15 These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau: Chief Teman, Chief Omar, Chief Zepho, Chief Kenaz,
אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי בְנֵי־עֵשָׂו בְּנֵי אֱלִיפַז בְּכוֹר עֵשָׂו אַלּוּף תֵּימָן אַלּוּף אוֹמָר אַלּוּף צְפוֹ אַלּוּף קְנַז׃
Elle allufei venei-Esav. Benei Eliphaz bechor Esav. Alluf Teman, Alluf Omar, Alluf Zepho, Alluf Kenaz.
These/are the chiefs/of the sons of Esau. Sons/of Eliphaz/firstborn/of Esau. Chief/Teman/Chief/Omar/Chief/Zepho/Chief/Kenaz.

36:16 Chief Korah, Chief Gatam, Chief Amalek. These are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Adah.
אַלּוּף־קֹרַח אַלּוּף גַּעְתָּם אַלּוּף עֲמָלֵק אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי אֱלִיפַז בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי עָדָה׃
Alluf-Korah, Alluf Gatam, Alluf Amalek. Elle allufei Eliphaz beEretz Edom. Elle venei Adah.
Chief/Korah/Chief/Gatam/Chief/Amalek. These/are the chiefs/of Eliphaz/in the land/of Edom. These/are the sons/of Adah.

36:17 And these are the sons of Reuel, Esau's son: Chief Nahath, Chief Zerah, Chief Shammah, Chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Basemath, Esau's wife.
וְאֵלֶּה בְּנֵי רְעוּאֵל בֶּן־עֵשָׂו אַלּוּף נַחַת אַלּוּף זֶרַח אַלּוּף שַׁמָּה אַלּוּף מִזָּה אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי רְעוּאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי בָשְׂמַת אֵשֶׁת עֵשָׂו׃
Veelle venei Reuel ben-Esav, Alluf Nahath, Alluf Zerah, Alluf Shammah, Alluf Mizzah. Elle allufei Reuel beEretz Edom. Elle venei Basemath eshet Esav.
These/are the sons of Reuel/son/of Esau. Chief/Nahath/Chief/Zerah/Chief/Shammah/Chief/Mizzah. These/are the chiefs/of Reuel/in the land/of Edom. These/are the sons/of Basemath/wife/of Esau.

36:18 These are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau's wife: Chief Jeush, Chief Jalam, Chief Korah. These are the chiefs of Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife.
וְאֵלֶּה בְּנֵי אָהֳלִיבָמָה אֵשֶׁת עֵשָׂו אַלּוּף יְעוּשׁ אַלּוּף יַעְלָם אַלּוּף קֹרַח אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי אָהֳלִיבָמָה בַּת־עֲנָה אֵשֶׁת עֵשָׂו׃
Veelle venei Oholibamah eshet Esav, Alluf Jeush, Alluf Jalam, Alluf Korah. Elle allufei Oholibamah bat-Anah eshet Esav.
These/are the sons of Oholibamah/wife/of Esau. Chief/Jeush/Chief/Jalam/Chief/Korah. These/are the chiefs/of Oholibamah/daughter/of Anah/wife/of Esau.

36:19 These are the sons of Esau, that is, Edom, and these are their chiefs.
אֵלֶּה בְנֵי־עֵשָׂו וְאֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵיהֶם הוּא אֱדוֹם׃
Elle venei-Esav veelle allufeihem, hu Edom.
These/are the sons of Esau/these/are their chiefs/that is/Edom.

36:20 These are the sons of Seir the Horite, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah,
אֵלֶּה בְנֵי־שֵׂעִיר הַחֹרִי יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ לוֹטָן וְשׁוֹבָל וְצִבְעוֹן וַעֲנָה׃
Elle venei-Seir haChori yoshvei haaretz, Lotan veShobal veZibeon veAnah.
These/are the sons of Seir/the Horite/inhabitants/of the land. Lotan/Shobal/Zibeon/Anah.

36:21 Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horites, the sons of Seir in the land of Edom.
וְדִשׁוֹן וְאֵצֶר וְדִישָׁן אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי הַחֹרִי בְּנֵי שֵׂעִיר בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם׃
VeDishon veEzer veDishan. Elle allufei haChori venei Seir beEretz Edom.
Dishon/Ezer/Dishan. These/are the chiefs/of the Horites/sons/of Seir/in the land/of Edom.

36:22 The sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan's sister was Timna.
וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵי־לוֹטָן חֹרִי וְהֵימָם וַאֲחוֹת לוֹטָן תִּמְנָע׃
Vayhiyu venei-Lotan, Hori veHemam, vaachot Lotan Timna.
Were/the sons of Lotan/Hori/Hemam. Sister/of Lotan/Timna.

36:23 The sons of Shobal were Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam.
וְאֵלֶּה בְּנֵי שׁוֹבָל עַלְוָן וּמָנַחַת וְעֵיבָל שְׁפוֹ וְאוֹנָם׃
Veelle venei Shobal, Alvan uManahath veEbal, Shepho veOnam.
These/are the sons of Shobal/Alvan/Manahath/Ebal/Shepho/Onam.

36:24 The sons of Zibeon were Aiah and Anah; he is the Anah who found the hot springs in the wilderness as he pastured the donkeys for Zibeon his father.
וְאֵלֶּה בְנֵי־צִבְעוֹן וְאַיָּה וַעֲנָה הוּא עֲנָה אֲשֶׁר מָצָא אֶת־הַיֵּמִם בַּמִּדְבָּר בִּרְעֹתוֹ אֶת־הַחֲמֹרִים לְצִבְעוֹן אָבִיו׃
Veelle venei-Zibeon, veAiah vaAnah. Hu Anah asher matza et-hayemim bamidbar bir'oto et-hachamorim leZibeon aviv.
These/are the sons of Zibeon/Aiah/Anah. He/is Anah/who/found/the hot springs/in the wilderness/while pasturing/the donkeys/for Zibeon/his father.

36:25 The sons of Anah were Dishon and Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah.
וְאֵלֶּה בְנֵי־עֲנָה דִּשֹׁן וְאָהֳלִיבָמָה בַּת־עֲנָה׃
Veelle venei-Anah, Dishon veOholibamah bat-Anah.
These/are the sons of Anah/Dishon/Oholibamah/daughter/of Anah.

36:26 The sons of Dishon were Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran.
וְאֵלֶּה בְּנֵי דִישָׁן חֶמְדָּן וְאֶשְׁבָּן וְיִתְרָן וּכְרָן׃
Veelle venei Dishan, Hemdan veEshban veIthran uCheran.
These/are the sons of Dishon/Hemdan/Eshban/Ithran/Cheran.

36:27 The sons of Ezer were Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan.
אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי־אֵצֶר בִּלְהָן וְזַעֲוָן וַעֲקָן׃
Elle venei-Ezer, Bilhan veZaavan vaAkan.
These/are the sons of Ezer/Bilhan/Zaavan/Akan.

36:28 The sons of Dishan were Uz and Aran.
אֵלֶּה בְנֵי־דִישָׁן עוּץ וַאָרָן׃
Elle venei-Dishan, Uz vaAran.
These/are the sons of Dishan/Uz/Aran.

36:29 These are the chiefs of the Horites: Chief Lotan, Chief Shobal, Chief Zibeon, Chief Anah,
אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי הַחֹרִי אַלּוּף לוֹטָן אַלּוּף שׁוֹבָל אַלּוּף צִבְעוֹן אַלּוּף עֲנָה׃
Elle allufei haChori, Alluf Lotan, Alluf Shobal, Alluf Zibeon, Alluf Anah.
These/are the chiefs/of the Horites. Chief/Lotan/Chief/Shobal/Chief/Zibeon/Chief/Anah.

36:30 Chief Dishon, Chief Ezer, Chief Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horites, according to their clans in the land of Seir.
אַלּוּף דִּשֹׁן אַלּוּף אֵצֶר אַלּוּף דִּישָׁן אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי הַחֹרִי לְאַלֻּפֵיהֶם בְּאֶרֶץ שֵׂעִיר׃
Alluf Dishon, Alluf Ezer, Alluf Dishan. Elle allufei haChori leallufeihem beEretz Seir.
Chief/Dishon/Chief/Ezer/Chief/Dishan. These/are the chiefs/of the Horites/according to their clans/in the land/of Seir.

36:31 These are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel.
וְאֵלֶּה הַמְּלָכִים אֲשֶׁר מָלְכוּ בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם לִפְנֵי מְלָךְ־מֶלֶךְ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃
Ve'elle hammelekhim asher malchu be'erets Edom lifne melekh-melekh livne Yisra'el.
These are / the kings / who / reigned / in the land of / Edom / before / reigning / a king / over the children of Israel.

36:32 And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city was Dinhabah.
וַיִּמְלֹךְ בֶּאֱדוֹם בֶּלַע בֶּן־בְּעוֹר וְשֵׁם עִירֹו דִּנְהָבָה׃
Vayyimloch be'Edom Bela ben-Be'or. Veshem iro Dinhava.
He reigned / in Edom / Bela / son of / Beor. And the name of his city / was Dinhabah.

36:33 And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead.
וַיָּמָת בָּלַע וַיִּמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּיו יוֹבָב בֶּן־זֶרַח מִבָּצְרָה׃
Vayyamot Bela, vayyimloch tachtav Yovav ben-Zerah mibotsrah.
Died / Bela, / and reigned / in his stead / Jobab / son of / Zerah / from Bozrah.

36:34 And Jobab died, and Husham of the land of Temani reigned in his stead.
וַיָּמָת יוֹבָב וַיִּמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּיו חֻשָׁם מֵאֶרֶץ הַתֵּימָנִי׃
Vayyamot Yovav, vayyimloch tachtav Husham me'erets hatteimani.
Died / Jobab, / and reigned / in his stead / Husham / from the land of / the Temanites.

36:35 And Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith.
וַיָּמָת חֻשָׁם וַיִּמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּיו הֲדַד בֶּן־בְּדַד הַמַּכֶּה אֶת־מִדְיָן בִּשְׂדֵה מוֹאָב וְשֵׁם עִירֹו עֲוִית׃
Vayyamot Husham, vayyimloch tachtav Hadad ben-Bedad hammakkeh et-Midyan bisdeh Mo'av. Veshem iro Avit.
Died / Husham, / and reigned / in his stead / Hadad / son of / Bedad / who struck / Midian / in the field of / Moab. And the name of his city / was Avith.

36:36 And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead.
וַיָּמָת הֲדַד וַיִּמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּיו שַׂמְלָה מִמַּשְׂרֵקָה׃
Vayyamot Hadad, vayyimloch tachtav Samlah mimmasrekah.
Died / Hadad, / and reigned / in his stead / Samlah / from Masrekah.

36:37 And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead.
וַיָּמָת שַׂמְלָה וַיִּמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּיו שָׁאוּל מֵרְחֹבוֹת הַנָּהָר׃
Vayyamot Samlah, vayyimloch tachtav Sha'ul merechovot hannahar.
Died / Samlah, / and reigned / in his stead / Saul / from Rehoboth / of the River.

36:38 And Saul died, and Baal-hanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead.
וַיָּמָת שָׁאוּל וַיִּמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּיו בַּעַל חָנָן בֶּן־עַכְבּוֹר׃
Vayyamot Sha'ul, vayyimloch tachtav Ba'al-Hanan ben-Achbor.
Died / Saul, / and reigned / in his stead / Baal-Hanan / son of / Achbor.

36:39 And Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.
וַיָּמָת בַּעַל חָנָן בֶּן־עַכְבּוֹר וַיִּמְלֹךְ תַּחְתָּיו הֲדַר וְשֵׁם עִירוֹ פָּעוּ וְשֵׁם אִשְׁתּוֹ מְהֵיטַבְאֵל בַּת־מַטְרֵד בַּת מֵי זָהָב׃
Vayyamot Ba'al-Hanan ben-Achbor, vayyimloch tachtav Hadar. Veshem iro Pa'u. Veshem ishto Mehetav'el bat-Matred bat Me-Zahav.
Died / Baal-Hanan / son of / Achbor / and reigned / in his stead / Hadar. And the name of his city / was Pau. And the name of his wife / was Mehetabel / daughter of / Matred / daughter of / Me-Zahab.

36:40 And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth,
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת אַלּוּפֵי עֵשָׂו לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לִמְקֹמֹתָם בִּשְׁמֹתָם אַלּוּף תִּמְנָע אַלּוּף עַלְוָה אַלּוּף יְתֵת׃
Ve'elle shemot allufe Esav lemishpechotam limkomotam bishmotam. Alluf Timna, Alluf Alvah, Alluf Jetheth.
These are / the names / of the dukes of Esau / according to their families / according to their places / by their names. Duke / Timnah / Duke / Alvah / Duke / Jetheth.

36:41 Duke Oholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon,
אַלּוּף אָהֳלִיבָמָה אַלּוּף אֵלָה אַלּוּף פִּינֹן׃
Alluf Oholivamah, Alluf Elah, Alluf Pinon.
Duke / Oholibamah / Duke / Elah / Duke / Pinon.

36:42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar,
אַלּוּף קְנַז אַלּוּף תֵּימָן אַלּוּף מִבְצָר׃
Alluf Kenaz, Alluf Teman, Alluf Mibzar.
Duke / Kenaz / Duke / Teman / Duke / Mibzar.

36:43 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he is Esau the father of the Edomites.
אַלּוּף מַגְדִּיאֵל אַלּוּף עִירָם אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי אֱדוֹם לְמֹשְׁבֹתָם בְּאֶרֶץ אֲחֻזָּתָם הוּא עֵשָׂו אֲבִי אֱדוֹם׃
Alluf Magdiel, Alluf Iram. Elle allufe Edom lemoshevotam be'erets achuzzatam. Hu Esav avi Edom.
Duke / Magdiel / Duke / Iram. These are / the dukes / of Edom / according to their habitations / in the land of their possession. He is / Esau / the father of / the Edomites.

4. Hebrew Vocabulary List

Below is a selection of key Hebrew words appearing in Genesis chapters 35 and 36. This list focuses on frequently used vocabulary that appears two or more times in this section.

Elohim: God.
Ya'akov: Jacob.
Esav: Esau.
Beit-El: Bethel (House of God).
Yisra'el: Israel.
Edom: Edom.
Rahel: Rachel.
El: God.
Mizbe'ach: Altar.
Ben / Banim: Son, sons.
Bat / Banot: Daughter, daughters.
Ishah / Nashim: Wife, women.
Erets: Land, country.
Har: Mountain.
Alluf: Duke, chief.
Melekh: King.
Malach: To reign, to rule as king.
Toledot: Generations, genealogy, history.
Makom: Place, location.
Matsevah: Pillar, monument.
Derech: Way, road.
Avi / Av: Father.
Shem / Shemot: Name, names.
Mat / Metah: To die, died.
Yalad / Yaldah: To bear, to beget.
Kara: To call, to name.
Ir: Town, city.
Mikneh: Livestock.
Shanah: Year.
Yom / Yamim: Day, days.
Halach: To walk, to go.
Asah: To do, to make, to build.
Bo: To come, to arrive.
Yashav: To dwell, to sit.

#Bible
#OldTestament
#Genesis
#Hebrew
#LiteraryTranslation
#Jacob
#Israel
#Rachel
#Esau
#Edom
#Genealogy
#ClassicalLiterature
#LanguageLearning
#Religion
#BiblicalStudies