Perge Antik Kenti ve Çevresinin Jeolojik Yapısının Akropolis’deki Duraysızlıklar Üzerindeki Etkisi

Philia, 2020

Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology, 2024

This study examines ancient restoration practices in the Pamphylia Region, focusing particularly on the city of Perge. It builds upon T. Ismaelli's extensive studies of Roman Imperial Period architecture and restoration methods, supplementing them with new examples specific to Pamphylia. Various restoration methods were identified and analyzed using archaeological evidence, including metal clamps, new marble inserts, and detailed repair processes aimed at extending the lifespan of architectural elements. The findings highlight the period's advanced engineering and architectural skills, demonstrating how these techniques were applied to preserve and restore significant public and private buildings. Additionally, the research categorizes these restoration practices and details techniques such as replacing damaged sections with new materials and reinforcing weakened structures using innovative methods. This detailed examination enriches the literature on ancient restoration practices in Pamphylia and interprets studies on the restoration of ancient architecture through tabular analysis. The study underscores the importance of these practices in preserving cultural heritage and offers a framework for future research.

The intense and rapid urbanization of Anthoupoli district, part of Peristeri suburb of Athens, after the Second World War brought an end to coal mining activity started in 1930 and operated with underground workings. The lack of permanent protective measures to the whole galleries network, which was and still is practically unknown, caused, after some years, the manifestation of instability phenomena. The latter are continued even today, 40 years later, generating problems on the existing structures and making them very sensitive to dynamic loading. Thus, damages caused by the earthquakes of 1981 and 1999 were more serious in Anthoupoli than in any other part of Peristeri municipality.

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2014

The Akhüyük travertine mass crops out approximately 10 km to the north of Ereğli (Konya, Central Anatolia). Its morphology and relationship with the main controlling fault zones are investigated. The morhpological properties of six different fissure ridge travertines which make up the travertine mass are classified into four groups based on their geometrical properties and orientation. The fissure ridge travertines having a banded travertine thickness of 120 and 170 cm are considered as the oldest travertines in the study area. Sill-like structures and dilation are observed, indicative of the ongoing deformation after travertine precipitation. The height-to-width ratio of the fissure ridge travertines vary between 0.08 and 0.5. The morhological structures and parameters observed in the fissure ridge travertines are interpreted to stem from the low deformation rate in the study area. The relationship of the formation of the Akhüyük Fissure Ridge travertine with the Tuz Gölü (TGFZ) and Niğde fault zones (NFZ) is investigated. The TGFZ is determined to be the most significant structure that controls the Akhüyük fissure ridge travertines based on the extension direction determined, the location of the travertines, and the fact that the faults on the central and southeastern end of the TGFZ display the active normal fault zone with a right-lateral strike-slip component.

T he famous Acropolis in Athens is an ancient temple site located high up on a rocky cliff in the middle of Athens. Its turbulent history is long -in human life-span terms -and dates back to 6000 BC. It has been the focus of a myriad of texts written by all types of authors, but oddly enough, the rock that bears the site has scarcely been mentioned. This paper intends to fill that gap, to pro-vide readers and visitors alike with a view of another much longer history, dating back to the Upper Cretaceous age, some 70 million years ago, when the rocks that underlie the rocky crest of the sacred hill were deposited in the delta of a mighty river. How much the geological composition and geological structure of the hill affects its human-related history, and why this par-ticular hill has been – and for some, still is – considered sacred, might be a matter of intense debate. So first let us briefly address that glimpse of time. After all, a rock is only a rock, at least for us geologists. ...

2012

This study investigates the relationship between the ancient settlements in west Anatolia and physical, environmental parameters including topography, rock and morphological classes. Modern settlements are also included in the study to analyze if the response has changed to these parameters from past to the present. The databases created in the study include three topographic attributes (elevation, slope and aspect), rock type, ancient settlements and modern settlements. Analyses performed in the study involve distance and density analyses, morphological analysis; distribution within the rock types both for ancient and modern settlements. The results of the study demonstrated that 1) the active faults produced attractive topography to settle, 2) people preferred the vicinity of the fault line as settlement location, and 3) they were not aware of the earthquake potential of their location. Therefore, because of the advantage of the location they did not consider to change the place as indicated by rebuilding their settlement repeatedly at the same place after it is damaged. Key words: earthquakes, active faults, Greek and Roman period, west Anatolia, GIS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bu çalışma, antik yerleşimlerle bu yerleşimlerin sahip olduğu topografik, kaya ve morfolojik tipleri gibi fiziksel ve çevresel parametreler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemekte. Bu çalışmada modern yerleşimlerde yer verilerek zaman içinde depreme olan tepkinin geçmişten günümüze değişip değişmedi analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada üç topoğrafik değer (yükseklik, eğim, bakı), kaya türü, antik yerleşimler ve modern yerleşimlerin veritabanları yaratılmıştır. Çalışmada, antik ve modern yerleşimler için uzaklık ve yoğunluk analizi, morfoloji analizi; her iki yerleşim için de kaya türlerinin dağılımın analizi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları şunları göstermiştir 1) aktif faylar yerleşim için uygun topoğrafyalar oluşturmuştur, 2) yerleşim yeri olarak insanlar fay hattına yakın yerleri seçmişlerdir, ve 3) onlar yerleşim yerlerindeki deprem potansiyelinden farkında değildiler. Buna ilaveten, yerleşim yerlerinin avantajından dolayı, zararda görseler tekrardan binalar yaparak yerlişim yerlerini değiştirmeyi düşünmemişlerdir. Anahtar kelimeler: deprem, aktif faylar, Yunan ve Roma dönemi, Batı Anadolu,GIS

Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana, 61, 2023

The paper focuses on the results of geo-archaeological investigations carried out in Hierapolis of Phrygia (Turkey) between 2013 and 2018. The integration of archaeological excavations, geophysical prospections and diagnostic investigations with a thermal infrared camera allowed acquiring new data on the surface manifestations of the seismic fault that crosses the site, such as cracks in the first substrate, sinkholes, and underground cavities. The research highlighted the close relationship between the effects produced on the surface by the fault and the ritual practices in the two sacred areas in the centre of the city, namely the Sanctuary of Apollo and the Sanctuary of Hades. This investigation also allowed for an examination of the building solutions adopted within the two sanctuaries to adapt the edifice built in the late Hellenistic and Imperial era to the peculiar tectonic manifestations and exploit the hydrogeological resources connected with them.

Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies, 2021

Masonry materials for the colossal monumental structures of Persepolis, the awe-inspiring architectural complex from the Achaemenid period, would be sourced from the surrounding mountains that occasionally lie up to 40 km away. Several techniques were involved in splitting stone from quarry masses. Once split, stonecutters would choose where in the structure and for what purpose each block befitted. At times, impurities were detected in blocks either before splitting or during rough cutting at the quarry site, or after final dressing on the construction site, viz. the Terrace. Apart from those for quarrying, Achaemenian masons applied several other techniques as part of setting, attaching and dressing processes on the construction site. Some blocks bear marks that were made by stonecutters and have thus been categorized as stonecutter's marks. Yet, there are other related symbols that are instead connected with specific techniques used by masons for setting in place and holding together separate stone blocks. The present work addresses problems the stonecutters had to tackle while selecting blocks for using in the structures on the Terrace, and placing them atop each other during the construction process.