Papers by Samah M O U S T A F A ABOZEID
The relationship between geo-archaeological remains and the Holocene evolution of the coastline in the Agiba area, west of Marsa Matruh City, Egypt., 2026
The study area is located north of the Greco-Roman city of Apis (Nautis), between Umm El Rakham I... more The study area is located north of the Greco-Roman city of Apis (Nautis), between Umm El Rakham Island and Ras Abu Lahou, which is part of the NW coast of Egypt. Researchers discovered some archaeological remains on the coast and underwater during their survey of the eastern side of Ras Abu Lahu. The site is located about 24 km west of Marsa Matrouh City and is close to the submerged port at Ras Umm El Rakham, where, as described by another early writer, Scylax of Cariande, said in his journey (the original version was written around 350 BC) that the Egyptian authority extended to it. Some coastal land shapes created by the rising and falling sea levels during the Holocene, were seen along the shore, including different levels of coastal notches, platforms, and caves, as well as small landforms made by seawater on carbonate rocks, like solution holes, channels, pits, and leftover peaks.
Archaeopres s Access Archaeology A SOMA 2024 Proceedings of the 25th Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, 2025
Kallias, Kalamaion, and Calamaeo are submerged harbours located between Marsa Bagoush and the Ras... more Kallias, Kalamaion, and Calamaeo are submerged harbours located between Marsa Bagoush and the Ras Alam El-Rum area of Egypt's NW coast. Some geoarchaeological remains were discovered by researchers underwater during a survey on the eastern side of the Ras Hawala coastline on the NW coast of Egypt, east of Matruh city, about 37.6 km, in the same location of the above submerged harbour, as described by another early writer. On the western coast of Ras Hawala, the authors found a Roman anchor that Paleo-tsunami waves had cut from a submerged platform in 365 BC. We studied the geomorphological characteristics for their location, noting that coastal erosion, other geomorphic processes, and the Holocene Sea level change have altered the coastline from the Greek and Roman periods to the present. Alternating Quaternary limestone, part of an eroded carbonate coastal ridge, occupies the study area. We observed geomorphic coastal landforms along the shore, such as multi-level marine notches, platforms, and caves. These features were created at the Holocene relative sea level. We also observed solution micro-landforms such as holes, channels, pits, and residual pinnacles. Sea water sculpted these features on carbonate rocks.
ÉGYPTE AFRIQUE & ORIENT 118 - ÉTÉ 2025, ARCHÉOLOGIE ET ÉGYPTOLOGIE ÉGYPTIENNES, 2025
Apis or Nautis city is Pharaonic and Roman city between Ras Umm El-Rakham and Ras Abu Laho in Zaw... more Apis or Nautis city is Pharaonic and Roman city between Ras Umm El-Rakham and Ras Abu Laho in Zawiyet Umm El Rakham area this place as a part of the NW coast of Egypt. Some Geoarchaeological remains were discovered by researcher Underwater during survey in the eastern side of Ras Abu Laho submerged coastline on the NW coast of Egypt, west of Matruh city about 15 km., in the same location of the above submerged harbour were described by another early writers, Scylax of Cariande said: In his journey (the original version was written around 350 BC) that the Egyptian authority extended to it. It is the last Egyptian fortified point and the last water station on the Egypt-Libya road. It is located 2 km north of the current village of Zawiyat Umm El Rakham and 1 km south of Ras Abu Lahu (east of Ajiba).
Une enquête de terrain a été entreprise sur ce littoral submergé de la mer Méditerranée, et a mené à la découverte d’une plate-forme à
laquelle était attachée une ancre romaine. Le but était de répertorier et de traiter cet environnement, le plus grand et le plus actif des mouillages antiques, le long de la côte nord-ouest de l’Égypte. Cette aire sur laquelle se trouvent la cité gréco-romaine Apis (Nautis) et un temple pharaonique, dans la région de Zawiyet Umm El Rakham, a aussi fait l’objet d’une étude comprenant l’effet des processus d’altération des deux types (mécanique et chimique) ainsi que le rôle des facteurs d’érosion et de leurs effets sur ces sites archéologiques.
International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology (2024) 7, (2) 39–52, 2024
The new kingdom period heralded a doctrinal advancement within the Phoenicus is a submerged ancie... more The new kingdom period heralded a doctrinal advancement within the Phoenicus is a submerged ancient harbour during the Greek and Roman Period and during the II World War. This name means the land of the Phoenicians; it is an excellent windward shore of the two islands of Hanafish, the twin islands described in the Book of Stadiums. One of them rises 4.5 meters above the water; nonetheless, the other protrudes above the surface of the water. Both of them are about half of a qas away from each other, and about 1.25 nautical miles from the land. Fourtau (1914) and Abd El Maguid (2001) state that sailing ships and steam ships are in the habit of taking shelter in them in case of storms. Some geo-archaeological and archaeological remains have been discovered sub-water, in the front shore area and in the back of harbour during a survey on the eastern side of the Ras El Hekma, an area of Egypt's NW coast. The study area is allocated in NW the coast of Egypt. It looks on the Mediterranean Sea, west of Alexandria City for about 235 km and 70 km to the east of Marsa Matruh. It is occupied by sedimentary rocks pertinent to the Tertiary and Quaternary Eras. The western coastline consists of Pleistocene, separated polygons of limestone sheets, and fossil limestone; however, there are coastal platforms, fluvial forms, and solution holes.
الخريطة الجيومورفولوجية لمواقع الموانيء الرومانية الغارقة فيما بين مرسى باجوش ورأس علم الروم بالساحل الشمالي الغربي لمصر, 2023
The geomorphological map of the study area at the harbours sites is characterized by many differe... more The geomorphological map of the study area at the harbours sites is characterized by many different land surface shapes that highlight the natural characteristics of the submerged harbours sites, represented by the characteristics and shapes of the surface and the general geomorphological features of those sites, which were influenced by geomorphological processes, the movement of materials on the slopes, and erosion factors. Long-term internal factors such as tectonic movements and geological structure.
The researcher followed the foundations in drawing the geomorphological map. He relied on base maps, which are a group of topographic maps with a resolution of 1:25,000, and a map belonging to the US Army with a resolution of 1:250,000 from the University of Texas Map Library website, as well as modern satellite visualizations with a resolution of 15 m, signed by the study. The field geomorphological map includes the geomorphological forms that were formed under the influence of marine factors and processes, such as waves, sea currents, tides, and continental factors and processes such as erosion factors and weathering processes. It includes the ovoid limestone chains that are formed in the Coastal Plain, which is bordered to the north by the Mediterranean coast and to the south. The escarpment that separates it from the plateau region, which extends from Alexandria in the east to Salloum in the west, with a length of slightly less than 600 km, and its width ranges between 5-40 km, and the shore line of the North West coast of Egypt - in general - is within what is called On Pocket Beaches.
أهم الأخطار الجيومورفولوجية المؤثرة على مواقع الموانيء الرومانية الغارقة (الزلازل - التسونامي القديم) فيما بين مرسى باجوش ورأس علم الروم , 2023
Natural hazards and disasters are one of the elements of environmental balance. Since the existen... more Natural hazards and disasters are one of the elements of environmental balance. Since the existence of man, natural hazards have tried to limit and mitigate their damage. Despite this, they sometimes lead to losses and damages that exceed expectations. Sunken port sites have faced many geomorphological hazards that have shaped the region’s coasts. In terms of the general shape or nature of the sediments, the region is also affected by fast and slow subterranean movements.
The rapid internal force arises as a result of the disturbances that occur in the interior of the Earth as a result of the movement of magma in the spaces represented in the Earth’s crust and parts of the mantle layer. These movements occur suddenly and therefore cause great dangers to those around them. Earthquakes occur as a result of the movement of magma under the surface of the Earth. If Magma above the Earth's surface causes volcanic eruptions in various forms. As for slow movements, they result from the friction of tectonic plates at the bottom of seas and oceans, or those movements that occur in the interior of the earth, which result in fractures, twists, and ground subsidence movements that spread widely throughout the study area. Fast movements are represented by the occurrence of earthquakes, and the strength of the earthquake determines its destructive effects and more. Earthquakes are dangerous: an earthquake that causes a tsunami.
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie d'Egypte, 2024
The term "multi-hazard risk analysis" refers to a comprehensive concept that includes the analysi... more The term "multi-hazard risk analysis" refers to a comprehensive concept that includes the analysis of the risks in a given time and place, their size, the description of how they interact and the interpretation of the cumulative effects on a target group. It builds on single-hazard analysis and produces results that go beyond the simple sum of its elements. Extreme hazards are defined as those whose statistical significance is exceptionally high or which exceed a predetermined threshold. Multi-hazard risk analysis is a general term that refers to the analysis of the dangers in a given time and place, their magnitude, the description of how they interact and the interpretation of the results of this compounding on a target group. The basin of Wadi El-Ambagi is located east of the city of El-Quseir, on the Red Sea coast, between the Hurghada and Marsa Alam Cities. The basin extends from 25° 40´ to 26° 15´ N and from 33° 45´ to 34° 15´ E, and it covers about 1930 km2. The objective of this paper is to build a model of the multiple hazards risk resulting from the flash floods on the Wadi El-Ambagi basin, and analyze their effects on the road connecting the cities of El-Quseir and Qift, as well as the archaeological observation points built by the Romans to secure the gold mines road in Wadi El-Hamamat. The multi-hazard risk analysis can be categorized as qualitative, quantitative, and semi-quantitative, in addition to field geomorphic surveying, RS interpretation and GIS mapping.
البيئة القديمة للموانئ الرومانية الغارقة فيما بين رأسي أبوحشافة وعلم الروم دراسة مقارنة فى الساحل الشمالى الغربى لمصر باستخدام مخطط أعماق لدراسة البيئة القديمة للموانئ, 2024
The study dealt with the ancient environment of submerged Roman harbours, their development and t... more The study dealt with the ancient environment of submerged Roman harbours, their development and their influence on geomorphological factors and processes on the northwestern coast of Egypt between Ras Abu Hashafa and Ras Alam al-Rum, which numbered 3 submerged Roman harbours. These harbours flourished in the Roman era and were one of the most important reasons for the activity of ancient trade on the Mediterranean coast. The importance of the topic lies in making a plan in order to estimate the potential of these harbours and reuse the port of Graias Gony (Romaila) South East of Alam al-Rum according PADM ( Paleo-environmental Age Deep Modeling).
C’est une grande découverte pour la connaissance de la Rome
antique : une équipe franco-italienne... more C’est une grande découverte pour la connaissance de la Rome
antique : une équipe franco-italienne a réussi à localiser
et dater l’un des ports les plus mystérieux de l’Antiquité,
celui d’Ostie, qui a ravitaillé Rome quatre siècles durant.
JONATAN CHRISTIANSEN, FERRÉOL SALOMON, JEAN-PHILIPPE GOIRAN
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Papers by Samah M O U S T A F A ABOZEID
Une enquête de terrain a été entreprise sur ce littoral submergé de la mer Méditerranée, et a mené à la découverte d’une plate-forme à
laquelle était attachée une ancre romaine. Le but était de répertorier et de traiter cet environnement, le plus grand et le plus actif des mouillages antiques, le long de la côte nord-ouest de l’Égypte. Cette aire sur laquelle se trouvent la cité gréco-romaine Apis (Nautis) et un temple pharaonique, dans la région de Zawiyet Umm El Rakham, a aussi fait l’objet d’une étude comprenant l’effet des processus d’altération des deux types (mécanique et chimique) ainsi que le rôle des facteurs d’érosion et de leurs effets sur ces sites archéologiques.
The researcher followed the foundations in drawing the geomorphological map. He relied on base maps, which are a group of topographic maps with a resolution of 1:25,000, and a map belonging to the US Army with a resolution of 1:250,000 from the University of Texas Map Library website, as well as modern satellite visualizations with a resolution of 15 m, signed by the study. The field geomorphological map includes the geomorphological forms that were formed under the influence of marine factors and processes, such as waves, sea currents, tides, and continental factors and processes such as erosion factors and weathering processes. It includes the ovoid limestone chains that are formed in the Coastal Plain, which is bordered to the north by the Mediterranean coast and to the south. The escarpment that separates it from the plateau region, which extends from Alexandria in the east to Salloum in the west, with a length of slightly less than 600 km, and its width ranges between 5-40 km, and the shore line of the North West coast of Egypt - in general - is within what is called On Pocket Beaches.
The rapid internal force arises as a result of the disturbances that occur in the interior of the Earth as a result of the movement of magma in the spaces represented in the Earth’s crust and parts of the mantle layer. These movements occur suddenly and therefore cause great dangers to those around them. Earthquakes occur as a result of the movement of magma under the surface of the Earth. If Magma above the Earth's surface causes volcanic eruptions in various forms. As for slow movements, they result from the friction of tectonic plates at the bottom of seas and oceans, or those movements that occur in the interior of the earth, which result in fractures, twists, and ground subsidence movements that spread widely throughout the study area. Fast movements are represented by the occurrence of earthquakes, and the strength of the earthquake determines its destructive effects and more. Earthquakes are dangerous: an earthquake that causes a tsunami.
antique : une équipe franco-italienne a réussi à localiser
et dater l’un des ports les plus mystérieux de l’Antiquité,
celui d’Ostie, qui a ravitaillé Rome quatre siècles durant.
JONATAN CHRISTIANSEN, FERRÉOL SALOMON, JEAN-PHILIPPE GOIRAN