【C++多态案例：电脑组装】

1. 需求

电脑主要组成部件为 CPU(用于计算)，显卡(用于显示)，内存条(用于存储)
将每个零件封装出抽象基类，并且提供不同的厂商生产不同的零件，例如Intel厂商和Lenovo厂商
创建电脑类提供让电脑工作的函数，并且调用每个零件工作的接口
测试时组装三台不同的电脑进行工作

2. 整体架构流程

	#include <iostream>
	using namespace std;
	
	class CPU{
	public:
	    virtual void calculate() = 0;
	};
	class GPU{
	public:
	    virtual void display() = 0;
	};
	class Memory{
	public:
	    virtual void storage() = 0;
	};
	
	class InterCPU:public CPU{
	public:
	    void calculate() override {
	        cout << "Inter CPU" << endl;
	    }
	};
	class InterGPU:public GPU{
	public:
	    void display() override {
	        cout << "Inter GPU" << endl;
	    }
	};
	class InterMemory:public Memory {
	public:
	    void storage() override {
	        cout << "Inter Memory" << endl;
	    }
	};
	class LenovoCPU:public CPU{
	public:
	    void calculate() override {
	        cout << "Lenovo CPU" << endl;
	    }
	};
	class LenovoGPU:public GPU{
	public:
	    void display() override {
	        cout << "Lenovo GPU" << endl;
	    }
	};
	class LenovoMemory:public Memory {
	public:
	    void storage() override {
	        cout << "Lenovo Memory" << endl;
	    }
	};
	class Computer {
	public:
	    Computer(CPU *cpu, GPU *gpu, Memory *memory) {
	        m_cpu = cpu;
	        m_gpu = gpu;
	        m_mem = memory;
	    }
	    void doWork() {
	        m_cpu->calculate();
	        m_gpu->display();
	        m_mem->storage();
	    }
	    ~Computer() {
	        if (m_cpu != nullptr) {
	            delete m_cpu;
	            m_cpu = nullptr;
	        }
	        if (m_gpu != nullptr) {
	            delete m_gpu;
	            m_gpu = nullptr;
	        }
	        if (m_mem != nullptr) {
	            delete m_mem;
	            m_mem = nullptr;
	        }
	    }
	private:
	    CPU *m_cpu; // 不能写 CPU cpu = new Inter; 因为纯虚函数无法实例化
	    GPU *m_gpu;
	    Memory *m_mem;
	};
	void test01() {
	    // 第一台电脑
	    Computer(new InterCPU, new LenovoGPU, new InterMemory).doWork();
	    // 第二台电脑
	    auto inter_cpu = new InterCPU; // auto可以代替原重复的函数名InterCPU
	    auto inter_gpu = new InterGPU;
	    auto inter_mem = new InterMemory;
	    Computer(inter_cpu, inter_gpu, inter_mem).doWork();
	    // 第三台电脑
	    CPU *lenovo_cpu = new LenovoCPU; // 但是可以写纯虚函数的指针指向new子类
	    GPU *lenovo_gpu = new LenovoGPU;
	    Memory *lenovo_memory = new LenovoMemory;
	    auto *computer = new Computer(lenovo_cpu, lenovo_gpu, lenovo_memory);
	    computer->doWork();
	    delete computer;
	}
	
	int main()
	{
	    // 多态案例：电脑组装
	    test01();
	    // system("pause");
	    return 0;
	}

3. 输出

Inter CPU
Lenovo GPU
Inter Memory
Inter CPU
Inter GPU
Inter Memory
Lenovo CPU
Lenovo GPU
Lenovo Memory