Vulkan Samples 阅读 -- Basics（四）: Texture Arrays & Cube Map Textures & 3D Textures

Texture Arrays

prepare

• loadAssets: 加载纹理
  • ktx_uint8_t *textureData 从读图API中将纹理读入
  • vkCreateBuffer: 创建stagingBuffer
  • vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements: 申请buffer使用的内存
  • vkAllocateMemory: 分配内存
  • vkBindBufferMemory: 绑定内存
  • vkMapMemory – memcpy – vkUnmapMemory: 将纹理信息复制到 host local staging buffer (specific layout)
  • std::vector bufferCopyRegions: 这里上节是绑定 mipmap 的, 这里 Texture Arrays 也是根据 layerCount 写入vector中.
  • vkCreateImage: Create optimal tiled target image on the device
    • 其中主要的是 imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
  • vkGetImageMemoryRequirements: 申请内存
  • vkAllocateMemory: 分配内存
  • vkBindImageMemory: 绑定资源
  • createCommandBuffer：创建复制命令
  • VkImageSubresourceRange: layerCount 定义为数组的个数
  • setImageLayout: 即 imageMemoryBarrier
  • vkCmdCopyBufferToImage：Copy mip levels from staging buffer
  • setImageLayout：从TRANSFER Barrier 到 FRAGMENT_SHADER
  • flushCommandBuffer
  • vkCreateSampler
  • vkCreateImageView
  • vkFreeMemory：Clean up staging resources
  • vkDestroyBuffer：Clean up staging resources
  • ktxTexture_Destroy：释放从磁盘读取图片的内存
• generateCube：创建一个立方体
• prepareUniformBuffers
  • createBuffer
    • 创建 UniformBuffer: 根据纹理数组个数申请 buffer size
    • vkMapMemory – memcpy – vkUnmapMemory: 更新 buffer 中数据
  • updateUniformBuffersCamera
• setupDescriptorSetLayout
• preparePipelines
• setupDescriptorPool
• setupDescriptorSet: 这里需要对纹理数据描述符进行绑定

  	// Image descriptor for the texture array
  	VkDescriptorImageInfo textureDescriptor =
  		vks::initializers::descriptorImageInfo(
  			textureArray.sampler,
  			textureArray.view,
  			textureArray.imageLayout);
  

• buildCommandBuffers
• shader 中获取Texture Array

  layout (binding = 1) uniform sampler2DArray samplerArray;
  -------------------------
  outFragColor = texture(samplerArray, inUV);
  

render

• draw
• updateUniformBuffersCamera

小结

   Texture Array 与 mipmap 绑定相似。不同的是Texture Array 还需在setupDescriptorSet 中进行设置。这样 shader 才能使用 sampler2DArray 获取纹理。

Cube Map Textures

prepare

• loadAssets:
  • 加载模型
  • 加载cubmap
    • ktx_uint8_t *textureData 从读图API中将纹理读入
    • 创建 staging buffer：步骤都一样这里不重复了
    • std::vector bufferCopyRegions: 这里上节是绑定 mipmap 的, 这里 Texture Arrays 也是根据 layerCount 写入vector中.
    • vkCreateImage: Create optimal tiled target image on the device
      • 其中主要的是 imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 6;
      • imageCreateInfo.flags = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT;
    • vkGetImageMemoryRequirements - vkAllocateMemory - vkBindImageMemory
    • createCommandBuffer：创建复制命令
    • bufferCopyRegion：中需要cub的6个纹理以及它的mipmap
    • VkImageSubresourceRange: layerCount 定义为6
    • setImageLayout: 即 imageMemoryBarrier
    • vkCmdCopyBufferToImage：Copy mip levels from staging buffer
    • setImageLayout：从TRANSFER Barrier 到 FRAGMENT_SHADER
    • flushCommandBuffer
    • vkCreateSampler
    • vkCreateImageView
      • view.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE;
      • view.subresourceRange.layerCount = 6;
      • view.subresourceRange.levelCount = cubeMap.mipLevels;
    • vkFreeMemory：Clean up staging resources
    • vkDestroyBuffer：Clean up staging resources
    • ktxTexture_Destroy：释放从磁盘读取图片的内存
• prepareUniformBuffers
  • createBuffer
  • updateUniformBuffers
• setupDescriptorSetLayout
• preparePipelines
  • 需要多加一个 渲染 CUBMAP Pipeline
• setupDescriptorPool
• setupDescriptorSet: 这里需要对纹理数据描述符进行绑定

  	// Image descriptor for the cube map texture
  	VkDescriptorImageInfo textureDescriptor =
  		vks::initializers::descriptorImageInfo(
  			cubeMap.sampler,
  			cubeMap.view,
  			cubeMap.imageLayout);
  

• buildCommandBuffers
• shader 中获取Texture Array

  layout (binding = 1) uniform samplerCube samplerCubeMap;;
  -------------------------
  outFragColor = texture(samplerCubeMap, inUVW);
  

render

• draw

小结

   Cube Map Textures 其实就是 6个纹理组成的Texture Array, shader 使用 samplerCube 获取纹理。

3D Textures

prepare

• generateQuad
• setupVertexDescriptions
• prepareUniformBuffers
  • createBuffer
  • updateUniformBuffers
• prepareNoiseTexture
  • VkImageCreateInfo: .imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D
  • vkCreateImage
  • vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-vkAllocateMemory-vkBindImageMemory
  • vkCreateSampler
  • VkImageViewCreateInfo: view.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D
  • vkCreateImageView
  • updateNoiseTexture: 就是向纹理写入随机数据
    • stagingBuffer
      • vkCreateBuffer-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-vkAllocateMemory-vkBindBufferMemory
      • vkMapMemory-memcpy-vkUnmapMemory
      • createCommandBuffer
      • setImageLayout-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-setImageLayout
      • flushCommandBuffer
  • vkFreeMemory
  • vkDestroyBuffer
• setupDescriptorSetLayout
• preparePipelines
• setupDescriptorPool
• setupDescriptorSet
• buildCommandBuffers
• shader 中获取Texture Array

  layout (binding = 1) uniform sampler3D samplerColor;
  -------------------------
  vec4 color = texture(samplerColor, inUV);
  

render

• draw
• updateUniformBuffers

小结

  3D Textures 很像Texture Array, shader 使用 sampler3D 获取纹理。