Voiced palatal plosive
| Voiced palatal plosive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɟ | |||
| IPA Number | 108 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɟ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+025F | ||
| X-SAMPA | J\ | ||
| |||
The voiced palatal stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɟ⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨J\⟩. The English language does not have this sound.
Characteristics
[change | change source]- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is palatal. This means that this sound is produced with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
Examples
[change | change source]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | gjuha | [ɟuha] | 'tongue' |
| Bulgarian | гьол | [ɟol] | 'swamp' |
| Hungarian | gyám | [ɟäːm] | 'guardian' |
| Latvian | ģimene | [ˈɟime̞ne̞] | 'family' |
| Macedonian | раѓање | [ˈraɟaɲɛ] | 'birth' |
| Turkish | güneş | [ɟyˈne̞ʃ] | 'sun' |
Alveolo-palatal
[change | change source]| Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɟ˖ | |||
| d̠ʲ | |||
| ȡ | |||
| Audio sample | |||
| |||
A voiced alveolo-palatal plosive is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Characteristics
[change | change source]- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolo-palatal. This means that:
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is postalveolar. This means that the tongue touches the top of the mouth in the place behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line).
- Its tongue shape is laminal. This means that the tongue blade touches the top of the mouth.
- It is palatalized. This means that the middle of the tongue is curved and raised towards the hard palate.
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
Post-palatal
[change | change source]| Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar stop | |
|---|---|
| ɟ | |
| ɡ᫈ | |
| Audio sample | |
The voiced post palatal or pre velar stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɟ⟩ or ⟨ɡ᫈⟩. The English language can have this sound, written as g before front vowels.
Examples
[change | change source]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catalan[1] | guix | [ˈɡ̟i̞ɕ] | 'chalk' | Allophone of /ɡ/ before front vowels when not preceded by a vowel.[1] See Catalan phonology | |
| English[2][3] | geese | [ɡ̟iːs] | 'geese' | Allophone of /ɡ/ before front vowels and /j/.[2][3] See English phonology | |
| Greek[4] | μετάγγιση/metággisi | [me̞ˈtɐŋ̟ɟ̠is̠i] | 'transfusion' | Post-palatal.[4] See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Italian | Standard[5] | ghianda | [ˈɡ̟jän̪ːd̪ä] | 'acorn' | Post-palatal; allophone of /ɡ/ before /i, e, ɛ, j/.[5] See Italian phonology |
| Japanese | 銀/gin | ⓘ | 'silver' | ||
| Portuguese | amiguinho | [ɐmiˈɡ̟ĩɲu] | 'little buddy' | Allophone of /ɡ/ before front vowels. See Portuguese phonology | |
| Romanian[6] | ghimpe | [ˈɡ̟impe̞] | 'thorn' | Both an allophone of /ɡ/ before /i, e, j/ and the phonetic realization of /ɡʲ/.[6] See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian | Standard[7] | герб/gerb | [ɡ̟e̞rp] | 'coat of arms' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɡʲ⟩. See Russian phonology |
| Spanish[8] | guía | [ˈɡ̟i.ä] | 'guidebook' | Allophone of /ɡ/ before front vowels when not preceded by a vowel.[8] See Spanish phonology | |
| Yanyuwa[9] | [ɡ̠uɡ̟uɭu] | 'sacred' | Contrasts plain and prenasalized versions. | ||
References
[change | change source]- 1 2 Rafel (1999), p. 14.
- 1 2 Cruttenden (2014), p. 181.
- 1 2 Mannell, Cox & Harrington (2009).
- 1 2 Arvaniti (2007), p. 20.
- 1 2 Canepari (1992), p. 62.
- 1 2 Sarlin (2014), p. 17.
- ↑ Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015), p. 223.
- 1 2 Canellada & Madsen (1987), p. 20.
- ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), pp. 34–35.
