Grammar Notes: English Examples of Depictive Predicates - I like my coffee black.

┌Attributive adjective (modifies the noun 'coffee' from the front)
1) I like black coffee. Constant attribute
S V O ┌Predicative adjective
2) I like coffee black. Temporary state
S V O C (Complement: a predicate describing the object 'coffee' from behind)

1) I like black coffee.
2) I like my coffee black.

*For the two types of adjective usage, please refer to my note below.

Depictive predicate: A predicate that describes the state of the subject or object at the same time as the action or event expressed by the verb.

Examples of depictive predicates describing the subject:

1) He ran down the street crying. (ing-participle)
2) She sat there smiling. (ing-participle)
3) They left the party angry. (adjective)
4) He walked into the room tired. (en-participle)
5) She stood at the window naked. (en-participle)
6) They arrived home safe and sound. (adjective)
7) He lay on the couch asleep. (adjective)
8) She stood there motionless. (adjective)
9) They sat around the table chatting. (ing-participle)
10) He came home drunk. (en-participle)
11) She went to bed sick. (adjective)
12) She woke up refreshed. (en-participle)
13) The dog barked loudly. * (adverb) *Below, in the case of adverbs, they modify the verb, so strictly speaking, they cannot be called predicates that describe the subject.
14) The children played
happily. * (adverb) 15) He worked
diligently. * (adverb) 16) She sang
beautifully. * (adverb) 17) He waited
patiently. * (adverb) 18) The soldiers marched
proud. (adjective) 19) She looked
sad. (adjective) 20) He seemed
uncomfortable. (adjective)

1) He ran away, crying.
2) She sat there, smiling.
3) They left the party, angry.
4) He entered the room, tired.
5) She stood by the window, naked.
6) They arrived home, safe and sound.
7) He lay on the sofa, asleep.
8) She stood there, motionless.
9) They sat around the table, chatting.
10) He returned, drunk.
11) She went to bed, feeling ill.
12) She woke up, refreshed.
13) The dog barked, loudly and noisily.
14) The children played, happily.
15) He worked, diligently.
16) She sang, beautifully.
17) He waited, patiently.
18) The soldiers marched, proudly.
※proud (adjective)is a depictive predicate describing the subject soldiers as 'feeling proud'.proudly (adverb)would also make a valid sentence, but in this case, it modifies the verb 'marched' and describes the manner of marching.

19) She looked, sadly. ※likemeans 'to appear' externally.
20) He seemed, uncomfortable. ※seemmeans 'to appear' internally to the speaker.

Examples of depictive predicates describing the object:

1) He ate the fish raw. (adjective)
2) She drank the coffee black. (adjective)
3) They like their eggs scrambled. (en-participle)
4) He packed the fragile items carefully. ※(adverb)
5) She served the soup hot. (adjective)
6) He likes his steak rare. (adjective)
7) They painted the house blue. (adjective)
8) She wiped the table clean. (adjective)
9) He hammered the metal flat. (adjective)
10) She boiled the water (hot). (adjective)
11) They froze the food solid. (adjective)
12) He cooked the vegetables tender. (adjective)
13) She cut the bread fresh. (adjective)
14) They found the door unlocked. (en-participle)
15) He left the room untidy. (adjective)
16) She prefers her tea sweet. (adjective)
17) They drank the juice cold. (adjective)
18) He likes his coffee strong. (adjective)
19) She wore her hair loose. (adjective)
20) They carried the injured man carefully. ※(adverb)

1) He ate the fish raw.
2) She drank the coffee black.
3) They like their eggs scrambled.
4) He packed the fragile items carefully.
5) She served the soup hot.
6) He likes his steak rare.
7) They painted the house blue.
8) He wiped the table clean.
9) He hammered the metal flat.
10) She boiled the water hot.
※ The lexical verb 'boil' already means 'to make boil', so the resultative depictive predicate 'hot' in the sentence is redundant. If using the light verb 'make', as in 'She made the water hot', then 'hot' is essential.

11) They froze the food solid.
12) He cooked the vegetables tender.
※ Please refer to my note below for the difference between 'tender' (adjective) and 'tenderly' (adverb).

* 'Cook' inherently refers to the act of applying heat to food to prepare it. For preparing things like sushi, one should use 'arrange'.
* Incidentally, 'drinking soup' is expressed as 'eat soup' in English, which is used when you don't put your mouth directly to the soup bowl but use a spoon to scoop the soup and bring it to your mouth. For cup soup or similar, where you drink directly from the cup, 'drink soup' is acceptable. For 'drinking miso soup', you can simply say 'have miso-soup'.

13) She sliced the bread while it was fresh from the oven.
14) They found the door open.
15) He left the room messy.
16) She likes her tea sweet.
17) They drank the juice chilled.
18) He likes his coffee strong.
19) She wore her hair loose and down.
20) They carried the injured man carefully.

　　　　　　　　　　　　┌Participle construction
She drank coffee black (,) eating sweets.
  S      V       O       C        (M)
She drank coffee black while eating sweets.