The Baptist Confession of Faith, Chapter 3: 'Of God's Decree', Section 7: The Prudent Handling and Practical Application of the Doctrine of Predestination

THE BAPTIST CONFESSION OF FAITH
With Scripture Proofs Adopted by the Ministers and Messengers of the general assembly which met in London in 1689

Chapter 3: Of God's Decree

7._____ The doctrine of the high mystery of predestination is to be handled with special prudence and care, that men attending the will of God revealed in his Word, and yielding obedience thereunto, may, from the certainty of theireffectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election; so shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, reverence, and admiration of God, and of humility, diligence, and abundant consolation to all that sincerely obey the gospel. ( 1 Thessalonians 1:4, 5; 2 Peter 1:10; Ephesians 1:6; Romans 11:33; Romans 11:5, 6, 20; Luke 10:20 )

The doctrine of the high mystery of predestination should be handled with special prudence and care. This is because, by attending to the will of God revealed in His Word and yielding obedience to it, people can obtain assurance of their eternal election from the certainty of their effectual calling. By doing so, this doctrine will provide material for praise, reverence, and admiration of God, and will also serve as a source of humility, diligence, and abundant consolation for all who sincerely obey the gospel.

1. Introduction

• Subject of this chapter: On the prudent handling and practical application of the doctrine of predestination

• Historical background: The Second London Confession of Faith of 1689 was created to clarify the theological position of the Baptist churches. Chapter 3, in particular, details the proper understanding and application of the doctrine of predestination while inheriting Reformed theology. In the late 17th century, during the Reformation, it was necessary to present a balanced perspective amidst intensifying debates surrounding predestination.

• Contemporary significance: Even today, predestination is a doctrine prone to misunderstanding and extreme interpretation. This section serves as an important guide on how to apply this advanced theological concept to the practical life of a believer.

Salvation is within God's plan

— From the teachings of the Second London Confession of Faith, Chapter 3, Section 7 —

Our lives are not swayed by the currents of chance or fate. Before the world was created, God planned everything based on His own love and wisdom. This includes the path to salvation. In theology, this teaching is called the "doctrine of predestination."

Predestination is a deep truth that our reason cannot fully comprehend. It is part of God's secret plan, what the Bible calls a "mystery." However, God has revealed a portion of this mystery to us and leads us to accept it with faith.

Regarding this doctrine of predestination, the Reformed Baptists of the 17th century explained it carefully in a document called the "Second London Confession of Faith." Chapter 3, Section 7, in particular, speaks to how predestination should be handled and how it gives hope and strength to our lives.

They first emphasize that predestination is a "high mystery." In other words, it is a teaching that contains the depths of God's plan, which cannot be fully understood by human reason or experience. Therefore, they state that it should be received with special prudence and care, rather than being discussed with arrogance or carelessness.

Why, then, did God reveal such a mystery to us? It is so that we may know God's will through the Bible and, by obeying it, gain assurance of our own salvation. Specifically, when we know that the work of God called "effectual calling"—the internal guidance by which the Holy Spirit opens our hearts and makes us desire to follow Christ—is truly within us, we can believe in our "eternal election," the fact that God chose us for salvation beforehand.

When this understanding is granted, predestination does not make us arrogant; rather, it produces praise, reverence, and deep wonder and gratitude toward God. And the assurance that we have been saved by God's grace gives us humility, diligence, and, above all, deep consolation. How much comfort it brings to know that God's election is unchanging, especially during difficult times, in the midst of trials, or when we are keenly aware of our own weaknesses!

This teaching is based on the entire Bible. Paul stated, "We know, brothers loved by God, that he has chosen you," and Peter exhorted us to "make your calling and election sure." Jesus Himself said, "All those the Father gives me will come to me." These words teach us that God's election and calling are certain.

Furthermore, the "golden chain of salvation" in Romans 8:29-30 shows that the process of salvation—in which God foreknew, chose, called, justified, and finally leads us to glory—is connected without interruption. This means that salvation does not depend on our efforts or good works, but is rooted in God's eternal love and plan.

Nevertheless, predestination is also a doctrine easily misunderstood. For example, some might think, "If it is already decided whether or not a person will be saved, no matter how hard they try, isn't it meaningless?" But in reality, this teaching gives us responsibility and encouragement. Those who are assured of God's election are transformed into people who faithfully share the gospel, pursue a holy life, love God deeply, and serve their neighbors. In fact, it is precisely because we believe in predestination that we can have hope and courage for evangelism, because we believe that God will surely save His people.

Thus, the doctrine of predestination holds great significance even in modern society. In a society filled with anxiety, in the age of social media dominated by the desire for approval, and in a climate where human value is measured by achievement and ability, this doctrine teaches us that what we should truly rely on is God's unchanging love and certain election.

God has chosen me. Even if people reject me, God will not abandon me. Even if I feel weak and fail, God's election will never be revoked. Such conviction gives me peace, freedom, and an unshakable hope.

Charles Spurgeon also lived in this conviction. He said, 'If I had chosen God, I might have changed my choice tomorrow. But since God chose me, He will never abandon me.'

Predestination is not for us a matter of intellectual debate. It is a 'living doctrine' for praising God, trusting Him, and maintaining hope in our daily walk..

2. Original Text and Japanese Translation

Original Text (English):

Japanese Translation:

Keyword Explanation:

• High mystery: Deep truths of God that cannot be fully understood by human reason.

• Effectual vocation¹: A call to certain conversion through the irresistible work of the Holy Spirit.

• Eternal election: God's sovereign choice from before the foundation of the world.

3. Theological Background

• Doctrinal Classification: As part of Soteriology in Reformed theology, it belongs specifically to the categories of 'God's Sovereignty' and 'Predestination'.

[Chart 1] Comparison of Predestination by Denomination

4. Biblical Basis

• List of Scripture References:

  • 1 Thessalonians 1:4-5 'For we know, brothers and sisters loved by God, that he has chosen you'

  • 2 Peter 1:10 'Therefore, my brothers and sisters, make every effort to confirm your calling and election'

  • Ephesians 1:6 'to the praise of his glorious grace, which he has freely given us in the One he loves'

  • Romans 11:33 'Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out!'

  • Romans 11:5-6, 20 'So too, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace. And if by grace, then it cannot be based on works...'

  • Luke 10:20 'rejoice that your names are written in heaven'

• Supporting Scriptures:

  • John 6:37 "All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out."

  • John 6:44 "No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him."

  • Romans 8:29-30 "For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified."

• Commentary:
  These scriptures show that predestination is not merely a theory, but is closely related to the believer's assurance, joy, humility, and practical life. In particular, the "Golden Chain of Salvation" in Romans 8:29-30 demonstrates the certain process from God's foreknowledge to glorification, and John 6 clearly indicates the "drawing work of God the Father".

5. Points often misunderstood

[Chart 2] Comparison table of misunderstandings and correct understanding

6. Contemporary application

[Chart 3] Flow of practical application of predestination

Peace in an anxious society: Modern society is called the "age of anxiety." Economic instability, fear of the future, and the complexity of human relationships cause people to suffer. Predestination teaches us that our lives are not swayed by chance or fate, but are within the certain plan of a loving God. This understanding provides an unshakable peace in an uncertain age.

Liberation from the desire for approval: Modern people in the SNS era are constantly seeking approval from others, and are swayed by the number of "likes" and comparisons with others. However, predestination shows that our value is based on God's eternal love. We are beings loved by God's choice, not by human evaluation.

Freedom from performance-ism: Modern society is dominated by meritocracy and performance-based systems, and people suffer from the constant pressure that they "must achieve something." Predestination clarifies that salvation is based solely on God's grace, not on our achievements or abilities, and frees us from this burden.

• Spiritual Comfort:

  • Enduring peace based on the fact that salvation is rooted in God's immutable love

  • Assurance of hope amidst difficulties and trials

  • Confirmation of salvation maintained despite one's own weaknesses and failures

  • Freedom from comparison and competition with others

• Relevance to Daily Life:

  • Motivation for evangelism: The responsibility to preach the Gospel to those whom God has chosen

  • Encouragement for sanctification: The pursuit of a holy life as evidence of election

  • Love for others: Humble service as one who has received God's grace

  • Prayer life: Prayer based on trust in God's sovereignty

7. Practical Examples and Testimonies

Historical Testimony

The testimony of Charles Spurgeon (1834-1892): Known as the 'Prince of Preachers,' Spurgeon struggled deeply with the assurance of salvation in his youth. However, when he understood the doctrine of God's election, he stated: 'I did not choose God; God chose me. If I had chosen God, I might abandon Him tomorrow. But if God chose me, He will never abandon me.' This conviction became the source of his passion for his 38 years of ministry and evangelism.

Contemporary Pastoral Examples

Testimony of a believer facing a serious illness: When an elder in a church (a man in his 60s) was diagnosed with terminal cancer, he fell into deep despair. However, through dialogue with his pastor, he rediscovered the comfort of predestination. 'When my life ends is in God's hands. My salvation is not dependent on my actions or feelings. It is because God loved and chose me from eternity past.' With this conviction, he spent his remaining time in gratitude and service, encouraging the faith of many.

The experience of a college student who faced setbacks in job hunting: A college student (a 22-year-old woman) who was rejected by over 50 companies during her job search lost sight of her own value and fell into a state of depression. However, a turning point came while she was studying predestination at a church student group. 'My value is not determined by my employer or social evaluation. The fact that God loves and chose me does not change.' Through this understanding, she regained her peace and was eventually able to find a workplace that suited her.

Recovery of a young man suffering from online defamation: A young man (25-year-old male) who was active as a Christian online was fiercely attacked and deeply hurt. However, an understanding of predestination sustained him. 'No matter what people think, the fact that God loves me does not change. My approval comes from God.' With this conviction, he was able to continue his testimony without fearing criticism.

Experiences in the mission field

Encouragement in a difficult mission field: A missionary couple working in a rural area of Asia felt overwhelmed by frustration after seeing no converts in three years of work. However, an understanding of predestination sustained them. 'Those whom God has chosen will surely be saved. Our role is to faithfully sow the seeds. God determines the time of harvest.' With this belief, they continued to work patiently and were able to see a great revival in the fourth year.

Practical insights from a pastor

Responding to believers seeking assurance of election: A pastor advised a young man struggling with the assurance of salvation: 'The very fact that you are seeking salvation is proof that God has chosen you. People with hearts of stone do not seek salvation. Because God has changed your heart into a heart of flesh, you are seeking after God. Cherish this heart that seeks Him, and continue to walk in obedience to His Word.' This young man later dedicated his life to ministry and is now serving as a pastor.

8. Summary and Key Points

• Point 1: Predestination is a high mystery that should be handled with care, and focus should be placed on practical application rather than speculative debate.

• Point 2: Through conversion by effectual calling and a life of obedience, believers can obtain assurance of their election.

• Point 3: Correctly understood, predestination promotes praise to God, humility, comfort, and a diligent life of faith.

• Point 4: In today's culture of anxiety and society driven by a desire for approval, predestination provides a source of true peace and self-worth.

9. Supplementary Notes

• Historical figures:

  • John Calvin (1509-1564): Systematic developer of the doctrine of predestination

  • James Arminius (1560-1609): Opponent of Calvinist predestination

  • William Carey (1761-1834): A Baptist missionary who dedicated himself to missions while believing in predestination

10. Meditation and Response

• Question:

  • What assurance do I have regarding my own salvation?

  • How does my understanding of predestination practically influence my life of faith?

  • How is my gratitude for God's sovereign election manifested in my humility and service in daily life?

  • How do I find peace through God's election amidst the anxieties and desire for approval in modern society?

  • How is my motivation for evangelism and social service harmonized with my understanding of predestination?

• Prayer Themes:

  • Gratitude and praise for God's sovereign grace

  • Spiritual growth for the assurance of election

  • Wisdom for the correct understanding and application of predestination

  • Deliverance from the anxieties of modern society and true peace

  • A heart of humble service for the glory of God

  • Passion and love for gospel evangelism

11. Bibliography

Classical Literature

• Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion, Book 3, Chapters 21–24. Translated by Ford Lewis Battles. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1960.

• Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter 3. "Of God's Eternal Decree."

• The Second London Baptist Confession of Faith (1689), Chapter 3. "Of God's Decree."

Systematic Theology

• Berkhof, Louis. Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996.

• Grudem, Wayne. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.

• Hodge, Charles. Systematic Theology. Vol. 2. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.

Specialized Works on Predestination

• Helm, Paul. The Providence of God: Contours of Christian Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1994.

• Sproul, R.C. Chosen by God. Wheaton: Tyndale House, 1986.

• Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge. The Plan of Salvation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973.

Baptist Theology

• Waldron, Samuel E. A Modern Exposition of the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith. Webster: Evangelical Press, 1989.

• White, James R. The Potter's Freedom: A Defense of the Reformation and the Rebuttal of Norman Geisler's Chosen But Free. Amityville: Calvary Press, 2000.

Contemporary Application

• Packer, J.I. Evangelism and the Sovereignty of God. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2012.

• Peterson, Robert A. Election and Free Will: God's Gracious Choice and Our Responsibility. Phillipsburg: P&R Publishing, 2007.

Footnotes

¹ Effectual calling: In contrast to the general call (the external preaching of the Gospel), this is the internal call by which the Holy Spirit works directly upon the hearts of the elect to ensure their response. In Reformed theology, this calling is considered irresistible and is guaranteed to lead to salvation.

² Double predestination: The doctrine that from eternity, God chose some people for glory (election) and ordained others for just punishment (reprobation). This was maintained by Calvin and his successors.

³ Single predestination: The position that understands only election as a positive act of God, while viewing reprobation as God's passive permission. This is found in Lutheranism and the Augsburg Confession.

⁴ Prescience theory: The theory that God foresees human faith in the future and determines election based on that. This is adopted in Arminianism and Wesleyan theology. Reformed theology rejects this as "conditional election."

⁵ Golden chain of salvation: The unbroken process of salvation depicted in Romans 8:29-30, from God's eternal foreknowledge to final glorification. Each stage is surely realized by God's sovereign work.

• ⁶The drawing work of God the Father: A sovereign and certain invitation to salvation in which God Himself works with love and power upon the hearts of those who were spiritually dead, leading them to faith in His Son, Jesus Christ.