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Thirty-fifth government of Israel

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Netanyahu–Gantz government

35th Cabinet of Israel
Date formedMay 17, 2020 (2020-05-17)
Date dissolvedJune 13, 2021 (2021-06-13)
People and organisations
Reuven Rivlin
Benjamin Netanyahu
Benny Gantz
No. of ministers
28
Member parties
Status in legislature
Opposition parties
Opposition leader
Yair Lapid
History
Incoming formation
2019–2022 political crisis
Election2020 Knesset election
Legislature term23rd Knesset
Predecessor34th government
Successor36th government

The thirty-fifth government of Israel (Hebrew: מֶמְשֶׁלֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל הַשְׁלוֹשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ, romanized: Mem'shelet Yisra'el HaShloshim VeHamesh), or the Netanyahu–Gantz government, was the government of Israel which was sworn in on 17 May 2020 and dissolved on 13 June 2021.

It was originally expected to be established following the April 2019 election, but after prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu was unable to form a government, the Knesset dissolved itself, thereby setting up a snap election that took place on 17 September 2019.[1] Following the second election, no one was able to form a government again, and a third election took place on 2 March 2020.[2] An agreement was ultimately reached on 20 April 2020, between Netanyahu and MK Benny Gantz on the formation of a national unity government. The Knesset, and with it the current government's legislative operations, was again dissolved on 23 December 2020, resulting in the 2021 election.[3][4] On 13 June 2021, in a 60–59 vote with 1 abstention, the Knesset voted to approve the thirty-sixth government of Israel led by Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid, ending Netanyahu's 12-year second tenure as prime minister and sending Likud into the opposition.[5]

Background

First election – April 2019

After the April 2019 Israeli legislative election, the Blue and White faction leader Benny Gantz conceded, paving the way for incumbent Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, leader of Likud, to begin talks with other parties to form a governing coalition.[6]

Israeli government formation, April–May 2019
← 2015
15 April – 30 May 2019
September 2019 →
 
Nominee Benjamin Netanyahu Benny Gantz
Party Likud Blue and White
Electoral vote 65 45
Prime minister before election

Benjamin Netanyahu
Likud

 Outcome of formation

No government formed and fresh elections called. Netanyahu remains prime minister ad interim

On 15 and 16 April, leaders of all the parties who won seats in the Knesset met with President Reuven Rivlin to recommend a designated person to form a government. Netanyahu received recommendations from leaders representing 65 seats in the Knesset, whereas Gantz received recommendations from leaders representing only 45 seats in the Knesset. Leaders of the two Arab parties, representing 10 seats in the Knesset, declined to make any recommendation.[7]

Recommendations

Party Party Leader Seats Recommended Source
Likud Benjamin Netanyahu 35 Netanyahu [8]
Blue & White Benny Gantz 35 Gantz [8]
Shas Aryeh Deri 8 Netanyahu [8]
UTJ Yaakov Litzman 8 Netanyahu [8]
Hadash–Ta'al Ayman Odeh 6 No-one [8]
Labor Avi Gabbay 6 Gantz [9]
Yisrael Beiteinu Avigdor Lieberman 5 Netanyahu [9]
Union of Right-Wing Parties Rafi Peretz 5 Netanyahu [9]
Meretz Tamar Zandberg 4 Gantz [9]
Kulanu Moshe Kahlon 4 Netanyahu [9]
Ra'am–Balad Mansour Abbas 4 No-one [10]
Israeli government formation, September 2019
← April–May 2019
22 September 2019
March–April 2020 →
 
Nominee Benjamin Netanyahu Benny Gantz
Party Likud Blue and White
Electoral vote 55 54
Prime minister before election

Benjamin Netanyahu
Likud

 Outcome of formation

No government formed and fresh elections called. Netanyahu remains prime minister ad interim

Second election – September 2019

A second election was held in September 2019. This time, Blue and White overcame the Likud by a single seat.

On election night, Avigdor Lieberman of Yisrael Beiteinu called for a "broad liberal government" that includes both Blue and White and Likud, and reiterated that he did not want to form any majority with the Arab parties. Benny Gantz claimed Prime ministership and Blue and White repeated that they would not form a government with Netanyahu, although they were open to one with Likud. Benyamin Netanyahu called for a "strong Zionist government".[11] On the left, Labor-Gesher stated it wanted to bring Arab parties "to the table", some of which are open to recommending Gantz.[11]

On 18 September, Netanyahu met with the emissaries of Yamina, Shas, and UTJ, to build a right-wing bloc to negotiate together.[12]

On 19 September, Rivlin, Netanyahu and Gantz met during a memorial ceremony for Shimon Peres. Netanyahu urged Gantz to speak with him about forming a unity government, for the sake of avoiding a third election.[11] Speaking for Blue and White, Gantz and Lapid both rejected Netanyahu's offer, saying Blue and White had won, and that Gantz had the right to lead a unity government committed to liberal policies on social issues, and thus refusing to discuss forming such a government with Netanyahu as long as right-wing religious parties were included. Lapid remarked that "if Netanyahu steps aside, we'll have a unity government".[13][14] Lieberman likewise accused Netanyahu of "deception" by offering a unity government, but conditioning it on the inclusion of religious parties.[15]

The same day, Gantz met with Nitzan Horowitz, leader of the Democratic Union. His aides said they expect a meeting with other party leaders, Odeh and Peretz. Labor-Gesher's six MKs could allow Netanyahu's bloc of 55 to find a majority. Likud thus reportedly offered Peretz the Finance portfolio, and a raise of the minimum wage, but the same sources say Peretz turned down the offer, which goes against a campaign vow. Netanyahu met with Degel HaTorah MKs, who, along with other Haredi parties (Shas, Agudat Yisrael), are starting to backtrack on their refusal not to govern with Lapid, in the case Lapid himself U-turns on Netanyahu. Lieberman was equivocal as to whether he would support Gantz, fearing to be sidelined from a unity government, or one that includes Haredim. According to Channel 13, Gantz reportedly promised to include Yisrael Beiteinu in any coalition.[16]

Joint List and Balad

On 21 September, the 13 MKs from the Joint List met together. 10 of them—with three Balad MKs dissenting—expressed their readiness to nominate Gantz if he meets "basic demands" on the peace process, the Arab community's interests, and the Jewish nation-state law.[17] President Rivlin met with party leaders on 22 September for the first day of talks.[18] On 22 September 2019, the Joint List leader Ayman Odeh declared that the Joint List had agreed, by internal majority voting, to endorse Benny Gantz for prime minister.[19][20] Though initial reports suggested that the Joint List's recommendation gave Gantz a 57 to 55 edge, Rivlin revealed on 23 September that three Balad MKs—elected as part of the Joint List—demanded that their names be removed from a list of nominees of Gantz. After a day of confusion, Tibi and Odeh—leaders of the Joint List—wrote a letter to Rivlin clarifying that the Joint List did not, in fact, have a unity agreement that legally binds individual parties to follow the party's nomination for the prime minister.[21] As such, Balad's three MKs were legally allowed to ignore the Joint List's recommendation. As a result, Netanyahu lead Gantz in tallied recommendations by a 55 to 54 margin, with Yisrael Beiteinu and Balad not recommending anyone.[21]

Recommendations

President Rivlin met with representatives of Blue and White, Likud, the Joint List, Shas and Yisrael Beiteinu on 22 September to ask for recommendations on whom to select for prime minister. The next day, he met with members of United Torah Judaism, Yamina, Labor-Gesher and the Democratic Union.[22]

Party Party Leader Seats Recommended Source
Blue & White Benny Gantz 33 Gantz [23]
Likud Benjamin Netanyahu 32 Netanyahu [23]
Joint List Ayman Odeh 13 divided [24][25]
HadashAyman Odeh5Gantz[25]
Ta'alAhmad Tibi2Gantz[25]
Ra'amMansour Abbas3Gantz[25]
BaladMtanes Shehadeh3No-one[24][26]
Shas Aryeh Deri 9 Netanyahu [23]
Yisrael Beiteinu Avigdor Lieberman 8 No-one [27]
UTJ Yaakov Litzman 7 Netanyahu [25]
Yamina Ayelet Shaked 7 Netanyahu [25]
Labor-Gesher Amir Peretz 6 Gantz [28]
Democratic Union Nitzan Horowitz 5 Gantz [27]

Rivlin officially chose Netanyahu to form the next government on 25 September,[29] though he conditioned it on Netanyahu giving back the mandate if he failed to form a government, to avoid another dissolution of the Knesset.[30]

Netanyahu agreed to this stipulation and called for a "unity government" between himself, his allied religious parties, and Gantz. Gantz refused, on the basis that he had promised during the election not to join a Netanyahu-led coalition, and furthermore that a coalition that included all of Netanyahu's allies would not truly be a unity government. Efforts to resolve the deadlock were unsuccessful, and on 21 October Netanyahu returned the mandate to Rivlin.[31] On 23 October, Rivlin's office tasked Gantz with forming a government;[32] this mandate was given back to Rivlin on 21 November.[33] From that day, MKs had three weeks in which they could choose to nominate any of themselves to serve as PM. The selected MK would have had to secure the support of 61 MKs.[34] However, no MK was able to form a government, and it was determined on 12 December that a third election would take place on 2 March 2020.[35]

Third election – March 2020

Following the 2020 election in March, several parties supported Gantz in forming a new government, including Avigdor Lieberman of Yisrael Beiteinu on 8 March[36] and the Joint List on 9 March.[37] However, Orly Levy announced on 10 March that she would not support a minority government and left the Labor–Gesher–Meretz alliance over this. Similarly, Blue and White MKs Zvi Hauser and Yoaz Hendel had previously stated that they would not support a government that relied on the Joint List's support.[38] There were reports on 10 March that Gantz was planning to form a minority government by 23 March.[39] On 11 March, Lieberman and Labor party leader Amir Peretz reaffirmed that an alliance with the Joint List would not change their party's position on forming a political alliance with Gantz.[40]

On 15 March, Israeli President Reuven Rivlin announced that he had asked Gantz to form the new government after Gantz received support from 61 of the 120 MKs.[41] The elected MKs were sworn in the next day on the 16th.[42]

Speakership constitutional crisis

Speaker Yuli Edelstein had held the job since 2013 and kept his job throughout the interim Knessets of 2019. He refused to leave this time and shut down the body as soon as it was sworn in.[43] Edelstein proposed that left and right coalitions hold equal numbers of members in the parliamentary committees with Likud chairpersons,[44] but the opposition refused. They then went to the courts[45] to force the assembly to reopen, in which they were successful.[46][47]

On 23 March, the Supreme Court of Israel unanimously ruled that Edelstein should hold a vote on his replacement as Speaker, criticizing him for defying a previous non-binding ruling by the court advising him to do so. Rather than comply, Edelstein stepped down as the Speaker of the Knesset on 25 March, the first time that a speaker has unilaterally resigned.[48] The court subsequently ruled later on 25 March that Amir Peretz, as the most senior member of the Knesset, would be granted the authority to convene the Knesset for a vote on a new speaker.[49] Gantz then announced that he would stand as a candidate for speaker, resulting in a split of the Blue and White coalition as well as announcements of a deal in which he would serve as speaker until a unity government is formed under Netanyahu, and then would serve as defense minister in the unity government until replacing Netanyahu as prime minister in September 2021.

On 26 March, Meir Cohen withdrew his candidacy to avoid competing with Gantz.[50][51] Later that day, MKs elected Gantz as the new Speaker of the Knesset by a margin of 74–18 with support from Likud, while Yesh Atid, Labor and Yisrael Beitenu MKs boycotted the vote.[51][52]

Recommendations (March–April 2020)

Israeli government formation, March–April 2020
← September 2019
March–April 2020
April 2021 →
 
Nominee Benny Gantz Benjamin Netanyahu
Party Blue and White Likud
Electoral vote 61 58
Subsequently nominated via a letter signed by 72 MKs
Investiture vote in favor 73
Investiture vote against 46
Prime minister before election

Benjamin Netanyahu
Likud

 Outcome of formation

Benjamin Netanyahu
Likud

President Rivlin met with all elected parties and received their recommendations for prime minister on 15 March.[53] Rivlin gave Gantz the mandate to form a government on 16 March.[54]

Party Party Leader Seats Recommended Source
LikudBenjamin Netanyahu 36 Netanyahu [55]
Blue & WhiteBenny Gantz 33 Gantz [55]
Joint ListAyman Odeh 15 Gantz [55]
ShasAryeh Deri 9 Netanyahu [56]
UTJYaakov Litzman 7 Netanyahu [57]
Labor-Gesher-MeretzAmir Peretz 7 divided [53]
LaborAmir Peretz 3 Gantz [53]
MeretzNitzan Horowitz 3 Gantz [53]
GesherOrly Levy 1 No-one [53]
Yisrael BeiteinuAvigdor Lieberman 7 Gantz [58]
YaminaNaftali Bennett 6 Netanyahu [59]

Initially following the election, Gantz could not form a government because he previously promised not to form a government with Netanyahu,[60] and at the same time could not rely on external support from the Joint List for a minority government due to opposition from several Blue and White MKs.[61] However, with the worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel, Gantz reversed his stance on Netanyahu and now supported an "emergency coalition" due to an urgent need to address the public health crisis.[62] On 21 March, Netanyahu announced negotiations were completed for a national unity government with a rotating prime ministership where Netanyahu would serve first, and would later be replaced by Gantz, although Gantz denied this and claimed negotiations were still ongoing.[63]

On 26 March, Gantz become Speaker of Knesset with support from Likud, threatening unity in the Blue and White alliance due to some internal opposition towards cooperating with Netanyahu.[50][51]

On 27 March, it was revealed that a major obstacle to a possible long-term alliance between Gantz and Netanyahu emerged with regard to implementing U.S. President Donald Trump's Middle East peace plan. Barak Ravid of Israel's Channel 13 news revealed that Gantz, despite previously claiming that he wanted to implement the peace plan, still wanted to hold peace talks with the Palestinians, which Trump and Netanyahu still opposed. Subsequently, after long negotiations, a compromise deal was reached over the peace plan.[64] Ravid stated that this would likely make the upcoming deal between Gantz and Netanyahu short-lived.

By early April, there were proposals of a coalition deal between Netanyahu and Gantz, where Gantz was to replace Netanyahu as Prime Minister of Israel after 18 months in government.[65] Gantz's term as prime minister-designate was going to end on 14 April,[66] though President Rivlin extended it until 15 April.[67]

Coalition government

On 20 April 2020, Gantz and Netanyahu announced that agreement on a unity government had been reached. The deal would involve both parties sharing power, and Gantz and Netanyahu taking turns being prime minister. Under the agreement, Netanyahu would serve as prime minister for 18 months until October 2021, and Gantz would become prime minister for 18 months afterwards. However, should Netanyahu leave the premiership early, Gantz would take over the position.[68] Regarding ministerial roles, Blue and White received an equal number of ministers as parties the national camp.[69] Blue and White received the Justice, Economy, Labor and Welfare, Communications, Agriculture, Culture and Sports, Absorption, Tourism, Minorities, Diaspora, Science and Space, Strategic Affairs, and Social Affairs ministries. The positions of foreign minister, energy minister and environmental protection minister will rotate upon the change of prime minister.[70] The terms of the agreement also provide that Gantz serve as defense minister when the new government is sworn in.[71][72]

On 21 April, several watchdog groups, including the Movement for Quality Government in Israel, reacted to the news by petitioning the Supreme Court to block the formation of the government due to the indictment of Netanyahu.[73]

On 30 April, the bill approving the new coalition government was given its first approval in Knesset.[74] On 6 May, the coalition agreement was approved by the Israeli Supreme Court.[75] The same day, both Blue and White and Likud issued a joint statement claiming that the new unity government would be sworn in the following week.[76]

On 7 May, Netanyahu won the support of 72 MKs to form a government, with Rivlin giving Netanyahu a two-week mandate to form a government shortly after.[77] The Knesset approved the bill for government formation,[78] with support coming from Blue and White, Likud, Derekh Eretz, Gesher, Shas and United Torah Judaism as well as two of the three members of the Labor Party.[79]

On 17 May, the 35th government was officially sworn in.[80]

Members of government

On 17 May 2020, the following were announced to the Knesset as members in the new government:[81]

Ministers

Portfolio Minister Party
Prime MinisterBenjamin NetanyahuLikud
Alternate Prime Minister Benny Gantz Blue and White
Minister of Defense
Minister of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentAlon SchusterBlue and White
Minister of Aliyah and IntegrationPnina Tamano-ShataBlue and White
Minister of Community Empowerment and AdvancementOrly Levy-AbekasisGesher
Minister of CommunicationsYoaz Hendel (May 2020–Dec. 2020)Derekh Eretz
Benny Gantz (Dec. 2020 – May 2021)Blue and White
Eitan Ginzburg (May 2021 – Jun. 2021)Blue and White
Minister of Housing and ConstructionYaakov Litzman (May 2020–Sep. 2020)United Torah Judaism
Benjamin Netanyahu (Sep. 2020–Oct. 2020)Likud
Yitzhak Cohen (Oct. 2020–Nov. 2020)Shas
Yaakov Litzman (Nov. 2020–Jun. 2021)United Torah Judaism
Minister of Culture and SportHili TropperBlue and White
Minister of Cyber and National Digital MattersDudi AmsalemLikud
Minister in the Defense MinistryMichael BitonBlue and White
Minister of Diaspora AffairsOmer YankelevichBlue and White
Minister of the EconomyAmir PeretzLabor
Blue and White (not an MK)
Minister of EducationYoav GallantLikud
Minister of Environmental ProtectionGila GamlielLikud
Minister of FinanceIsrael KatzLikud
Minister in the Finance MinistryYitzhak Cohen (Oct. 2020–Nov. 2020)Shas
Minister of Foreign AffairsGabi AshkenaziBlue and White
Minister of HealthYuli EdelsteinLikud
Minister of Higher EducationZe'ev Elkin (May 2020–Dec. 2020)Likud
Yoav Gallant (Jan. 2021–Jun. 2021)Likud
Minister of WaterZe'ev Elkin (May 2020–Dec. 2020)Likud
Yuval Steinitz (Jan. 2021–Jun. 2021)Likud
Minister of IntelligenceEli CohenLikud
Minister of the InteriorAryeh DeriShas
Minister of the Development of the PeripheryAryeh DeriShas
Minister of Jerusalem AffairsRafi PeretzThe Jewish Home
Minister of JusticeAvi Nissenkorn (May 2020–Jan. 2021)Blue and White
Benny Gantz (Jan. 2021–Apr. 2021);
(Apr. 2021–Jun. 2021)		Blue and White
Minister of Labor, Social Affairs, and Social ServicesItzik Shmuli (Jan. 2021–Feb. 2021)Labor
Benny Gantz (Feb. 2021–Jun. 2021)Blue and White
Minister of National Infrastructure, Energy, and WaterYuval SteinitzLikud
Minister of Internal SecurityAmir OhanaLikud
Minister of Regional CooperationGilad Erdan (May 2020–Jul. 2020)Likud
Ofir Akunis (Jul. 2020–Jun. 2021)Likud
Minister of Religious AffairsYa'akov AvitanShas
Minister of Science and TechnologyYizhar Shai (May 2020–Jan. 2021)Blue and White
Hili Tropper (May 2021–Jun. 2021)Blue and White
Minister of Settlement AffairsTzipi Hotovely (May 2020–Aug. 2020)Likud
Tzachi Hanegbi (Aug. 2020–Jun. 2021)Likud
Minister for Social EqualityMeirav Cohen (May 2020–Jan. 2021)Blue and White
Itzik Shmuli (Jan. 2021 – May 2021)Labor
Michael Biton (May 2021 – Jun. 2021)Blue and White
Minister of Strategic AffairsOrit Farkash-Hacohen (May 2020–Nov. 2020)Blue and White
Michael Biton (Nov. 2020–Jun. 2021)Blue and White
Minister of TourismAsaf Zamir (May 2020–Oct. 2020)Blue and White
Orit Farkash-Hacohen (Oct. 2020–Jun. 2021)Blue and White
Minister of TransportationMiri RegevLikud
Minister without portfolioTzachi Hanegbi (May 2020–Aug. 2020)Likud

Deputy ministers

Portfolio Deputy Minister Party
Deputy Prime Minister's Office Fateen Mulla Likud
Deputy Minister of Finance Yitzhak Cohen (May 2020–Oct. 2020; Nov. 2020–Jun. 2021) Shas
Deputy Minister of Internal Security Gadi Yevarkan Likud
Deputy Minister of Health Yoav Kisch Likud
Deputy Minister of Education Meir Porush United Torah Judaism
Deputy Minister of Labor, Social Affairs, and Social Services Meshulam Nahari Shas
Deputy Minister of Interior Yoav Ben Tzur Shas
Deputy Minister of Transportation Uri Maklev United Torah Judaism

Policies

Coronavirus response

In May 2020, the government established the Coronavirus response cabinet [he] to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel.[82][83]

In December 2020, the government advanced the "Giving a Shoulder" program aimed at encouraging vaccination for millions of Israelis.[84]

Regarding the financial impacts of the pandemic, the government provided financial assistance to Israelis who have been impacted financially,[85] and also approved the creation of a directorate for providing vocational training.[86] In November, legislation was passed to increase public procurement of domestic products as part of economic recovery efforts.[87][88]

Veteran care

In May 2021, the government approved 300 million shekels towards the rehabilitation of disabled IDF soldiers.[89]

Telecommunications

In September 2020, the government approved a plan to connect thousands of Israeli households with fiber optics.[90] In the same month, the government approved legislation establishing a "Don't Call Me" database aimed at preventing phone fraud targeting seniors.[91]

In December, the government established an inquiry hotline for the Haredi public in an effort to make the public sector more accessible.[92]

Environmental protection

Legislation was passed to expand existing deposit legislation for plastic bottles to also include bottles between 1.5 and 5 litres.[93][94]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Holmes, Oliver (29 May 2019). "Israel to hold new elections after Netanyahu coalition talks fail". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  2. ↑ "Right-wing bloc – 58 seats, Blue and White – 33". Arutz Sheva. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  3. ↑ "Knesset officially dissolves, Israel heads to new elections". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  4. ↑ "Official: 23rd Knesset dissolved". Arutz Sheva. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  5. ↑ "World reacts as Bennett, Lapid form new government, oust Netanyahu after 12 yrs". The Times of Israel. 13 June 2021.
  6. ↑ Liebermann, Oren (10 April 2019). "Netanyahu set for fifth term as Israel's leader as rival concedes defeat". CNN. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  7. ↑ "With plea for healing, president officially taps Netanyahu to form new coalition". The Times of Israel. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "החרדים המליצו על נתניהו, אשכנזי: "לא ניכנס לממשלת אחדות"". maariv.co.il. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 פרידסון, יעל (16 April 2019). "נתניהו השיג 65 ממליצים להרכבת הממשלה". ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  10. ↑ "Phase 2 Results: Netanyahu 65, Gantz 45, Neither 10". knessetjeremy.com. 16 April 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  11. 1 2 3 "Israel Election Results: Netanyahu Says No Choice but to Form Broad Unity Government". Haaretz. 19 September 2019.
  12. ↑ "Netanyahu's new math: When 56 is worth more than 60". The Jerusalem Post. 19 September 2019.
  13. ↑ "Gantz says he should lead unity government, rejects coalition led by right". The Times of Israel. 19 September 2019.
  14. ↑ Felicia Schwartz; Dov Lieber (19 September 2019). "Gantz Declares Win, Rejects Netanyahu's Call for Negotiations". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  15. ↑ Michael Bachner (19 September 2019). "Liberman said to tell aides he intends to recommend Gantz for prime minister". The Times of Israel.
  16. ↑ "Parties jostle for position, hold talks in bid to break coalition impasse". The Times of Israel. 20 September 2019.
  17. ↑ "Joint List of Arab parties seen leaning toward recommending Gantz for PM". The Times of Israel. 21 September 2019.
  18. ↑ "LIVEBLOG: Gantz leads in votes for next Israeli PM after first day of talks". i24 News. 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  19. ↑ Gil Hoffman; Lahav Harkov (22 September 2019). "Joint List endorses Gantz without Balad, giving Netanyahu majority". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  20. ↑ Pfeffer, Anshel (19 March 2020). "For the First Time Ever, Israeli Democracy Has Been Shut Down". Haaretz.
  21. 1 2 Holmes, Oliver (23 September 2019). "Boost for Netanyahu as three Arab politicians refuse to back rival". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  22. ↑ "Rivlin to begin consultations Sunday on tasking next prime minister". The Times of Israel. 19 September 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  23. 1 2 3 "LIVEBLOG: Gantz leads in votes for next Israeli PM after first day of talks". i24 News. 22 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  24. 1 2 "Joint List leader says Gantz asked party to reduce support in tactical move". The Times of Israel. 26 September 2019.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Netanyahu expected to have first crack at forming Israeli government". i24 News. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  26. ↑ "Israel election results: Three Arab lawmakers refuse to endorse Gantz; Netanyahu leads with 55 backers". Haaretz. 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  27. 1 2 Lahav Harkov (24 September 2019). "Balad votes won't count for Gantz, putting Netanyahu in lead". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  28. ↑ "LIVEBLOG: Netanyahu, Gantz to meet Israeli president again on Wednesday". i24 News. 23 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  29. ↑ "Israel elections: President Rivlin to tap incumbent Netanyahu to form govt". i24 News. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  30. ↑ Raoul Wootliff (25 September 2019). "Back to square one: New elections loom after Rivlin's unity bid falls short". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  31. ↑ "Netanyahu tells president he can't form government; now it's Gantz's turn to try". The Times of Israel. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  32. ↑ Raoul Wootliff (23 October 2019). "Charged with forming coalition, Gantz asks Netanyahu to join, vows to heal rifts". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  33. ↑ Gil Hoffman (21 November 2019). "Rivlin hands over mandate, begs MKs to prevent third election". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  34. ↑ "5 days before deadline, Gantz's chances of forming coalition seen as fading away". The Times of Israel. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  35. ↑ "Israel calls another election for March 2, the third in a year". The Times of Israel. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  36. ↑ Aaron Rabinowitz; Haaretz (8 March 2020). "Gantz Agrees to Lieberman's Terms for Entering Government". Haaretz.
  37. ↑ "Israel's Gantz woos Joint List after reaching agreement with Lieberman". Middle East Eye. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  38. ↑ Gil Hoffman (10 March 2020). "Orly Levy's flipflop kills minority government". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  39. ↑ "Gantz said planning to put together minority government by March 23". The Times of Israel. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  40. ↑ "Gantz, Peretz press ahead with center-left coalition bid despite setbacks". The Times of Israel. 11 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  41. ↑ Raoul Wootliff (15 March 2020). "Rivlin to task Gantz with forming government after he receives 61 endorsements". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  42. ↑ Gil Hoffman (16 March 2020). "MKs sworn in to Knesset in ceremony adhering to coronavirus rules". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  43. ↑ Lis, Jonathan; Bandel, Netanel (23 March 2020). "Top Court Rules Knesset Speaker Must Convene Parliament to Elect His Successor". Haaretz.
  44. ↑ Yanko, Yuval; Freidson, Yael; Cohen, Gilad; Azulay, Moran (19 March 2020). "Blue & White rejects Likud plan for key Knesset Committees". ynetnews.
  45. ↑ "Chief justice criticizes Edelstein for preventing Knesset from gathering". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.
  46. ↑ Wootliff, Raoul; staff, T. O. I. (23 March 2020). "Blue and White-led bloc takes control of 6 key Knesset oversight committees". The Times of Israel.
  47. ↑ "Likud boycotts votes on Knesset committees". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.
  48. ↑ אזולאי, מורן (25 March 2020). "אדלשטיין התפטר מתפקיד היו"ר: "בג"ץ מחריב את הכנסת"". ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  49. ↑ Vote for Knesset Speaker to be held on Thursday, High Court decides, The Jerusalem Post
  50. 1 2 "Blue & White in turmoil as Gantz stands for Knesset speaker with right-wing support". ynetnews. 26 March 2020.
  51. 1 2 3 Gil Hoffman (2 April 2020). "Blue and White splits as unity deal with Likud approaches". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  52. ↑ Federman, Josef (26 March 2020). "Netanyahu rival becomes parliament speaker, signaling deal". Associated Press. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 Chaim Levinson; Jonathan Lis; Jack Khoury (15 March 2020). "Benny Gantz to Get First Chance at Forming Government After Receiving Thin Majority". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  54. ↑ Gil Hoffman (16 March 2020). "Rivlin gives Gantz mandate to form government". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  55. 1 2 3 Gil Hoffman (15 March 2020). "Joint List endorses Gantz to form government". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  56. ↑ Bachner, Michael (15 March 2020). "Shas recommends Netanyahu as MK, urges broad unity government". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  57. ↑ "United Torah Judaism backs Netanyahu to form next government". Ynetnews. Ynet. 15 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  58. ↑ Bachner, Michael (15 March 2020). "Liberman backs Gantz, hopes for emergency government". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  59. ↑ "Yamina recommends Netanyahu, says no unity with Joint List". The Times of Israel. 15 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  60. ↑ "Israel's Gantz vows to form government without Netanyahu". Politico. Associated Press. 16 February 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  61. ↑ "Another Blue and White MK said to oppose minority government". Times of Israel. 17 March 2020.
  62. ↑ Wootliff, Raoul (22 March 2020). "Gantz: Unity government needed now, I'm waiting for Netanyahu to okay talks". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  63. ↑ Gil Hoffman (22 March 2020). "Netanyahu says unity deal with Blue and White reached". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  64. ↑ Staff, Al-Monitor (6 April 2020). "Intel: Netanyahu, Gantz strike West Bank annexation deal". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  65. ↑ Ravid, Barak (27 March 2020). "Trump peace plan a sticking point in Israel's Netanyahu-Gantz pact". Axios. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  66. ↑ Gur, Haviv Retig (1 April 2020). "Netanyahu faces a rebellion on the right as new government takes shape". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  67. ↑ Hoffman, Gil (14 April 2020). "Netanyahu, Gantz to continue talks in morning to close deal". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  68. ↑ "Netanyahu, Gantz Sign Coalition Deal to Form Government". Haaretz. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  69. ↑ "Why is the new coalition deal so controversial?". The Jerusalem Post. 21 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  70. ↑ Horovitz, David. "In 'unity' deal, Gantz hopes he's compelled Netanyahu to let him be PM one day". The Times of Israel. ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  71. ↑ Levinson, Chaim (21 April 2020). "Netanyahu-Gantz Coalition Deal: This Is Israel's Likely Next Cabinet". Haaretz. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  72. ↑ Gil Hoffman (21 April 2020). "The deal is done: Netanyahu, Gantz ink coalition pact". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  73. ↑ Gil Hoffman (21 April 2020). "The deal is done: Netanyahu, Gantz ink coalition pact". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  74. ↑ "Knesset backs bill meant to ensure Netanyahu-Gantz rotation in first of three votes". Haaretz.
  75. ↑ Yonah Jeremy Bob (6 May 2020). "High Court green lights Netanyahu, coalition deal". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  76. ↑ "Israel: Likud, Blue and White say unity gov't to be sworn in next week". i24News. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  77. ↑ "Netanyahu gets nod from Rivlin to form government, seemingly cementing rule". The Times of Israel. 7 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  78. ↑ "Knesset okays full legislative package anchoring new unity coalition". The Times of Israel. 7 May 2020. ISSN 0040-7909.
  79. ↑ Rina Bassist (9 May 2020). "Netanyahu's future coalition, without the settlers?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  80. ↑ "After year of deadlock and days of delays, Knesset swears in new Israeli government". Haaretz.
  81. ↑ "Thirty-Fifth Government". Knesset. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  82. ↑ "יוצאים לדרך: קבינט הקורונה של הממשלה החדשה התכנס לראשונה" [Getting Started: The New Government's Coronavirus Cabinet Meets for the First Time] (in Hebrew). Walla. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020.
  83. ↑ "ועדת השרים לעניין ההתמודדות עם משבר הקורונה והשלכותיו" [Ministerial Committee on Dealing with the Corona Crisis and Its Implications] (in Hebrew). Government of Israel. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020.
  84. ↑ Even, Yoav (17 December 2020). ""לתת כתף": הכנות אחרונות למבצע החיסונים הלאומי" ["Giving a Shoulder": Final Preparations for the National Vaccination Campaign] (in Hebrew). Mako.
  85. ↑ Zarchia, Zvi (29 July 2020). "חוק המענק לכל אזרח אושר בכנסת; הכסף יועבר החל מיום ראשון" [The Grant for Every Citizen Law Approved in the Knesset; The Money Will Be Transferred Starting Sunday] (in Hebrew). Calcalist.
  86. ↑ Lior, Gad (22 November 2020). "אחרי 9 חודשי משבר: מנהלת ההכשרות המקצועיות אושרה בממשלה" [After 9 months of crisis: The directorate of vocational training has been approved by the government] (in Hebrew). Ynet.
  87. ↑ Lior, Gad (29 November 2020). "הממשלה אישרה: עדיפות לתוצרת הארץ במכרזי רכש ציבורי; התעשיינים: "תוכנית מקוצצת"" [Government approved: Priority for domestic products in public procurement tenders; Industrialists: "A shortened plan"] (in Hebrew). Ynet.
  88. ↑ "הממשלה אישרה את הצעת רה"מ לעידוד רכש ציבורי של תוצרת הארץ" [The government approved the Prime Minister's proposal to encourage public procurement of domestic products] (in Hebrew). News 0404. 29 November 2020.
  89. ↑ Lis, Jonathan (9 May 2021). "הממשלה אישרה את הרפורמה באגף השיקום; 300 מיליון ש"ח יוקצו לטיפול בנכי צה"ל" [The government approved the reform of the Rehabilitation Division; 300 million NIS will be allocated for the care of disabled IDF soldiers] (in Hebrew). Ha'aretz.
  90. ↑ Peretz, Gad (13 September 2020). "מתווה הסיבים האופטיים קיבל את אישור הממשלה" [Fiber Optic Plan Receives Government Approval] (in Hebrew). Globes.
  91. ↑ Zarchia, Zvi (13 September 2020). "הצעת חוק לאיסור על שיחות שיווק טלפוניות: "חיסכון של חצי מיליארד שקל בשנה לקשישים"" [Bill to ban telemarketing calls: "Savings of half a billion shekels a year for the elderly"] (in Hebrew). Calcalist.
  92. ↑ Cohen, Rafael (6 December 2020). "הממשלה אישרה הקמת מוקד מיוחד לפניות הציבור החרדי" [The government approved the establishment of a special hotline for inquiries from the Haredi public] (in Hebrew). Kikar HaShabbat.
  93. ↑ "Environment minister extends deposit law to bottles of up to 5 liters". Times of Israel. 18 October 2020.
  94. ↑ Yefet, Orna (1 December 2020). "ועדת הכלכלה אישרה: חוק הפיקדון יחול גם על בקבוקי 1.5 ליטר ומעלה, רק בעוד שנה" [The Economic Committee approved: The Deposit Law will also apply to bottles of 1.5 liters and above, only in a year] (in Hebrew). Calcalist.
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