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Inner Mongolian independence movement

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Territories within a Greater Mongolia.
The flag of South Mongolia,"Holy Blue Sky"

The Inner Mongolian independence movement (Chinese: 内蒙古独立运动), also known as the Southern Mongolian independence movement (Chinese: 南蒙古独立运动), is a movement for the independence of Inner Mongolia (also known as Southern Mongolia[1]) and the political separation of Inner Mongolia from the People's Republic of China.[2] It is part of an Inner Mongolian nationalist movement.[3][4][5]

Demchugdongrub was a key figure in the Inner Mongolian independence movement.[6]

Historically, the movement began in earnest with the establishment of the Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (IMPRP) in 1925. The IMPRP was subjected to repeated waves of repression, and in 1997 its successor organization, the Inner Mongolian People's Party (IMPP), was established in the United States. The first Chairman of the IMPP was Temtsiltu Shobtsood, and its current leader is Khereid Khuvisgalt.[7]

Temtselt Shovchuud (Temtsiltu Shobtsood) later abandoned the party's long-standing goal of an independent Inner Mongolia and independently advanced the so-called "Dual Ownership Theory," arguing that Inner Mongolia belongs jointly to both the Mongolian and Chinese peoples. As a result, he was removed from his position as Chairman of the Inner Mongolian People's Party and expelled from the party.[8]

Since then, Temtselt Shovchuud has alternated between advocating for the independence of Inner Mongolia and later withdrawing that position. He currently serves as Chairman of the South Mongolia Congress, a coalition representing the non-mainstream wing of the Inner Mongolian independence movement. Olhunud Daichin, the former leader of the Mongolian Liberal Union Party, has joined this organization led by Temtselt Shovchuud.[9]

On October 1, 2025, the Inner Mongolian People's Party held the International Conference Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Inner Mongolian People's Party at the Members' Office Building of the House of Councillors of Japan. At the conference, the party adopted a resolution reaffirming that the independence of Inner Mongolia remains its unwavering and fundamental objective.[10][11]

Meanwhile, within China, the Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance, led by Hada, was once active in advocating for the rights of Southern Mongolians. However, since Hada was unjustly arrested by the Chinese government in 1995, the organization has carried out little visible activity.[12]

The stated goals of all three organizations are the secession of Inner Mongolia from the People's Republic of China, and either the establishment of an independent Inner Mongolian state or the unification of Inner Mongolia with "Outer Mongolia", i.e. the State of Mongolia.[13]

The Chinese government asserts that there is active Inner Mongolian separatism, and the 2020 Inner Mongolia protests and a few other specific examples have been noted.[14]

In 2018, Chinese state media outlet Economic Daily reported that a man surnamed Jiang was the first in Inner Mongolia to be sentenced on charges of terrorism in the region, although it was not specified what cause he was supporting.[15]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Southern Mongolia". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. 25 March 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  2. ↑ Burnett, M. Troy (2020). Nationalism today: extreme political movements around the world. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-4408-5000-4. OCLC 1137735471.
  3. ↑ Lattimore, Owen (1936). "The Historical Setting of Inner Mongolian Nationalism". Pacific Affairs. 9 (3): 388–405. doi:10.2307/2750652. ISSN 0030-851X.
  4. ↑ Lattimore, Owen (1937). "Inner Mongolia--Chinese, Japanese or Mongol?". Pacific Affairs. 10 (1): 64–71. doi:10.2307/2750899. ISSN 0030-851X.
  5. ↑ Atwood, Christopher p. (2000-04-01). "Inner Mongolian Nationalism in the 1920s: A Survey of Documentary Information". Twentieth-Century China. 25 (2): 75–113. doi:10.1179/tcc.2000.25.2.75. ISSN 1521-5385.
  6. ↑ Narangoa, Li (2001). "Review of The Last Mongol Prince: The Life and Times of Demchugdongrob, 1902–1966. Studies on East Asia, vol. 21". Mongolian Studies. 24: 100–102. ISSN 0190-3667.
  7. ↑ What is the Inner Mongolian People's Party?
  8. ↑
  9. ↑ What is the "South Mongolia Congress (South Mongolia Khuraldai )"?
  10. ↑ Conference Commemorates the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Inner Mongolian People’s Party at the Japanese Parliament Building
  11. ↑ What is the Resolution on the 100th Anniversary of the Inner Mongolian People's Party?
  12. ↑ About Mr. Hada and the Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance (SMDA)
  13. ↑ Abend, Hallett (21 August 1928). "Buriat Tribesmen Join Mongel Raids; Chinese Eastern Railway Again Is Cut in Two Places in Manchuria. Khailar Gets Ultimatum Japan Nervous Over Revolt's Spread—Russian Mongolia Denies Connection With It. Tokio Sees Russian Inspiration. Red Mongolia Repudiates News". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  14. ↑ "China's police minister talks terrorism during Inner Mongolia tour amid rare protests over language". Hindustan Times. 2020-09-03. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  15. ↑ "内蒙古首例宣扬恐怖主义、 非法持有宣扬恐怖主义物品案宣判". Economic Daily. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
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