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Bank Indonesia

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Bank Indonesia
Logo of Bank Indonesia
Bank Indonesia headquarters
Bank Indonesia headquarters in Jakarta
Central bank ofIndonesia
HeadquartersJakarta, Indonesia
Established24 January 1828; 198 years ago (1828-01-24) (Bank of Java)
1 July 1953; 73 years ago (1953-07-01) (current form)
GovernorDestry Damayanti (interim) [1][2]
CurrencyIndonesian rupiah
IDR (ISO 4217)
ReservesUSD 136.4 billion[3]
Websitebi.go.id

Bank Indonesia (BI; literally Bank of Indonesia) is the central bank of the Republic of Indonesia. It replaced the Bank of Java (Dutch: De Javasche Bank) in 1953, which had been created in 1828 to serve the financial needs of the Dutch East Indies.

History

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Bank of Java

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King William I of the Netherlands granted the right to create a private bank in the Indies in 1826, which was named De Javasche Bank. It was founded on 24 January 1828 and later became the bank of issue of the Dutch East Indies. The bank regulated and issued the Netherlands Indies gulden.

In 1881, an office of the Bank of Java was opened in Amsterdam. Later followed the opening of an office in New York. By 1930 the bank owned sixteen office branches in the Dutch East Indies: Bandung, Cirebon, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Kediri, Banda Aceh, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Banjarmasin, Pontianak, Makassar, and Manado. Almost all buildings were designed by the Amsterdam architect Eduard Cuypers (1859–1927) in collaboration with M. J. Hulswit (1862–1921) and A. A. Fermont (1882–1967) in Batavia.[4][5]

The Bank of Java was operated as a private bank and individuals as well as industries etc. could get help in the bank's offices.[6]

Bank Indonesia

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Bank Indonesia was founded on 1 July 1953 from the nationalisation of De Javasche Bank, three years after the recognition of Indonesia's independence by Netherlands. [7]

For the next 15 years, Bank Indonesia carried on commercial activities as well as acted as the nation's national bank and was in charge of issuing Indonesian rupiah currency. This came to an end with the Act No. 13 of 1968 on the Central Bank, transforming Bank Indonesia as a central bank.

The act was subsequently replaced by Act No. 23 of 1999, giving the bank independence from governmental control. Thereafter, the bank reported to the parliament (DPR) instead of the President, and the bank's governor was no longer a member of the cabinet.

Organization

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The bank is led by the board of governors, comprising the governor, a senior deputy governor and between four and seven deputy governors.

The governor and deputy governors serve a five-year term, and are eligible for re-election for a maximum of three terms.[8] The governor and senior deputy governor are nominated and appointed by the president, with approval from the DPR. Deputy governors are nominated by the governor and appointed by the president, with approval of the DPR. The president has no power to dismiss a member of the board, except when a board member voluntarily resigns, is permanently disabled, or is proven guilty of criminal offence. The senior deputy governor acts as governor in the case of the latter's office vacancy.

The Board of Governors Meeting is the bank's highest decision-making forum. It is held at least once a month to decide on general policy on monetary affairs, and at least once a week to evaluate policy implementation or to decide on other strategic and principle policy.[citation needed]

The Bank is active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. It hosted AFI's second annual Global Policy Forum (GPF) in Bali, Indonesia in 2010.[9] On 14 May 2012 Bank Indonesia announced it would be making specific commitments to financial inclusion under the Maya Declaration.[citation needed]

By 30 December 2013, the bank's microprudential supervision functions will be transferred to Financial Services Authority (OJK). In the future, the bank will maintain Indonesian financial system and monetary stability through mixture of monetary and macroprudential instruments and policies. The Financial Services Authority institutive law (law n° 21 of 2011 enacted on 31 December 2012) followed the US$710 million baylout of Bank Century[10] and the receivership 21 other national private banks.[citation needed]

Strategic objectives

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The Bank describes its strategic objectives as being:[11]

  1. Maintain monetary stability
  2. Maintain the financial sustainability of the Bank of Indonesia
  3. Strengthen the effectiveness of monetary management
  4. Create a sound and effective banking system and financial system stability
  5. Maintain the security and effectiveness of the payment system
  6. Increase the effectiveness of Good Governance implementation
  7. Strengthen the organisation and build highly competent human resources with the support of a knowledge-based work culture
  8. Integrate the Bank of Indonesia's transformation in line with Bank Indonesia's destination statement of 2008

National Payment Gateway

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The aim is to integrate all Automated Teller Machines in ASEAN countries, beginning with integration first in each country. On 16 January 2012 interconnection between Bank Mandiri ATMs and Bank Central Asia ATMs (Prima ATMs) was launched.[12]

Bank Indonesia Liquidity Support

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Bank Indonesia Liquidity Support is an Indonesian government policy that was formulated with Bank Indonesia in the crisis period and executed by Bank Indonesia to rescue the monetary and banking system as well as the economy as a whole. It was partly based on the instruction and command of the President in the limited meeting of economic, finance, and development supervision and production and distribution on 3 September 1997.

This policy was provided under various emergency lending schemes (Fasilitas Diskonto I/Fasdis I, Fasdis II, Fasilitas SBPU, Fasilitas SBPUK, Fasilitas Diskonto Baru and Dana Talangan).

Project Nexus

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The Bank for International Settlements signed an agreement with Central Bank of Malaysia, Bank of Thailand, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Monetary Authority of Singapore, and the Reserve Bank of India on 30 June 2024 as founding member of Project Nexus, a multilateral international initiative to enable retail cross-border payments. Bank Indonesia involved as a special observer. The platform, which is expected to go live by 2026, will interlink domestic fast payment systems of the member countries.[13]

Offices

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BI operates 46 offices across Indonesia, and five representative offices in New York City, London, Tokyo, Singapore and Beijing. In addition, Bank Indonesia also operates several museums housed in the former De Javasche Bank office buildings, such as Jakarta (located in the former De Javasche Bank head office building in old Jakarta), Surabaya, and Padang.

Indonesian offices

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Bank Indonesia has branches in almost all major cities of Indonesia.

Worldwide representative offices

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  • Singapore Singapore: 160 Robinson Road #28-05, SBF Center Singapore 068914.[14]
  • United Kingdom London: 10 City Road, London EC 1Y 2EH.
  • Japan Tokyo: New Kokusai Building Room 906 No.4 - 1, Marunouchi 3 - Chome Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0005 Japan.
  • United States New York: 200 Vesey Street 25th Floor New York 10285.[15]
  • China Beijing: Fortune Financial Center Building Lt. 46, 5 Dongsanhuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020.

List of Governors

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No. Portrait Governor Took office Left office Length of term Notes Term
1 Sjafruddin Prawiranegara 1 July 1953 20 January 1958 4 years, 6 months, 19 days 1
2 Lukman Hakim 9 April 1958 31 August 1959 1 year, 4 months, 22 days 2
3 Soetikno Slamet 1 September 1959 31 October 1960 1 year, 1 month, 30 days
4 Soemarno 1 November 1960 1 November 1963 3 years Also served as Minister for Central Bank Affairs.
5 Teuku Jusuf Muda Dalam 10 December 1963 27 March 1966 2 years, 3 months, 17 days 3
6 Radius Prawiro 27 March 1966 27 March 1971 5 years
27 March 1971 5 April 1973 2 years, 9 days Governor became a cabinet-level position. 4
7 Rachmat Saleh 5 April 1973 16 March 1978 4 years, 11 months, 11 days 5
16 March 1978 16 March 1983 5 years 6
8 Arifin Siregar 16 March 1983 27 March 1988 5 years, 11 days 7
9 Adrianus Mooy 1988 1993 5 years 8
10 Sudrajad Djiwandono March 1993 February 1998 Approx. 5 years 9
11 Syahril Sabirin February 1998 May 2003 Approx. 5 years, 3 months 10
12 Burhanuddin Abdullah 17 May 2003 17 May 2008 5 years 11
13 Boediono 22 May 2008 16 May 2009 359 days Resigned after being nominated as vice presidential candidate. 12
– Miranda Goeltom
(Acting)		 17 May 2009 26 July 2009 70 days Acting Governor.
– Darmin Nasution 27 July 2009 1 September 2010 1 year, 36 days
14 1 September 2010 23 May 2013 2 years, 8 months, 22 days
15 Agus Martowardojo 23 May 2013 23 May 2018 5 years 13
16 Perry Warjiyo 23 May 2018 25 May 2023 5 years, 2 days 14
25 May 2023 27 July 2026 3 years, 2 months, 2 days Resigned before completing his second term. 15
– Destry Damayanti
(Acting)		 27 July 2026 Incumbent 13 days Acting Governor.

List of Senior Deputy Governors of Bank Indonesia

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Governor Replacements (1953–1999)

Portrait Name Took office Left office Length of term Notes
Lukman Hakim 1953 1958 Approx. 5 years Also served as a Director of Bank Indonesia.
Indra Kasoema 15 June 1958 15 August 1960 2 years, 2 months First Deputy Governor.[16]
Boerhanoeddin Second Deputy Governor.
Darmawan Mangunkusumo 31 July 1958 Second Deputy Governor; also served as a Director of Bank Indonesia.
R. Soerjadi 13 September 1961 15 January 1965 3 years, 4 months, 2 days [17]
Byanti Kharmawan [18]
M. Djoeana Koesoemahardja 27 March 1966
R. Hertijanto 27 March 1966
Soehardi 27 March 1966
Rachmat Saleh 27 March 1966

Senior Deputy Governors (1999–present

No. Portrait Senior Deputy Governor Took office Left office Length of term Notes
1 Anwar Nasution 1999 July 2004 Approx. 5 years [19]
2 Miranda Goeltom 27 July 2004 27 July 2009 5 years Appointed under Presidential Decree No. 98/M of 2004.
3 Darmin Nasution 27 July 2009 1 September 2010 1 year, 1 month, 5 days
– Vacant 1 September 2010 3 October 2013 3 years, 1 month, 2 days
4 Mirza Adityaswara 3 October 2013 25 July 2014 5 years, 9 months, 22 days Appointed under Presidential Decree No. 113/P of 2013.
25 July 2014 25 July 2019 Reappointed under Presidential Decree No. 62/P of 2014.
5 Destry Damayanti 7 August 2019 7 August 2024 Incumbent Appointed under Presidential Decree No. 74/P of 2019.
7 August 2024 Incumbent Reappointed under Presidential Decree No. 74/P of 2024.
Legal basis

Bibliography

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  • J. Soedradjad Djiwandono. 2005. Bank Indonesia and the Crisis: An Insider's View. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-230-308-0
  • Miranda S. Goeltom. 2008. Essays in Macroeconomic Policy: The Indonesian Experience. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN 978-979-22-3339-1

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Indonesia central bank governor Warjiyo steps down in surprise exit". South China Morning Post. 27 July 2026. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
  2. ↑ "Indonesia faces crucial choice after central bank chief's surprise resignation". CNA. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
  3. ↑ "Monetary Indicators". BI.go.id. Bank Indonesia. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  4. ↑ Norbruis, Obbe (2020): "Landmarks from a bygone era, Life and work of Ed. Cuypers & Hulswit-Fermont 1897–1927" Volendam, LM Publishers, ISBN 9789460220128
  5. ↑ Norbruis, Obbe (2020): "Architecture from the Indonesian Past, Life and work of Fermont-Cuypers 1927–1957" Volendam, LM Publishers, ISBN 9789460220159
  6. ↑ Dirk Teeuwen, no date. Javasche Bank, the Old Dutch City Hospital of Batavia-Jakarta and the Mandiri Bank Museum.
  7. ↑ Brief useful notes on the history of Bank Indonesia for various periods since 1953 are on the Bank Indonesia website at "History of Bank Indonesia Institution". See also Cribb, Robert & Kahin, Audrey (2004). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia. Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-0-8108-4935-8.
  8. ↑ "Perry Warjiyo embarks on second term as BI governor". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  9. ↑ "GPF 2010 | AFI Global". afi-global.org. 20 February 2012. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012.
  10. ↑ John Berthelsen (12 November 2015). "Indonesia's Bank Century Mess Goes Global".
  11. ↑ "Mission and Vision". Bank Indonesia. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008.
  12. ↑ Com, Beritasatu. "Senin, ATM BCA dan Mandiri Resmi Terkoneksi". beritasatu.com.
  13. ↑ Kawale, Ajinkya (1 July 2024). "RBI, four Asean countries tie up for cross-border payments platform". Business Standard. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  14. ↑ "MASNET". mas.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "New York Bank Indonesia Representative Office". bi.go.id. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  16. ↑ "Presidential Decree No. 215 of 1960". Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  17. ↑ "Presidential Decree No. 6 of 1965". Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  18. ↑ M. Dawam Rahardjo (1995). Bank Indonesia dalam Kilasan Sejarah Bangsa. p. 127.
  19. ↑ "Bank Indonesia Board of Governors". Bank Indonesia. Retrieved 6 February 2026.
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6°10′54″S 106°49′17″E / 6.18167°S 106.82139°E / -6.18167; 106.82139

  1. ↑ "Laporan Keuangan Publikasi Bank Umum". Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Retrieved 28 February 2026.
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