1.什么是aidl:aidl是 Android Interface definition language的缩写,一看就明白,它是一种android内部进程通信接口的描述语言,通过它我们可以定义进程间的通信接口
icp:interprocess communication :内部进程通信
2.既然aidl可以定义并实现进程通信,那么我们怎么使用它呢?我们来详细介绍:
Android系统的进程之间不能共享内存,那怎么传递对象呢,需要把对象弄成操作系统可以识别的形式,在Android中,可以采用AIDL来公开服务的接口,采用远程过程调用(Remote Procedure Call,RPC)和代理模式来实现跨进程通信。AIDL:Android Interface Definition Language,即Android接口描述语言,ADT会根据aidl文件在gen目录下生成对应的java接口文件。我们需要手工创建一个Service的子类并实现生成的java接口,然后在AndroidManifest.xml文件中进行配置。远程服务可以为多个客户端服务,由于涉及到数据通信,一般采用bindService的方式。
下面我们通过一个demo来看看AIDL是如何实现的。
首先创建服务端Android工程。目录结构如图
User.java,为了实现跨进程数据传递,需要实现Parcelable 接口,是一种序列化方式。
package com.zgs.aidl.demo;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
public class User implements Parcelable {
private int id;
private String name;
public User() {
}
public User(Parcel parcel) {
this.id = parcel.readInt();
this.name = parcel.readString();
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public int describeContents() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return 0;
}
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
//顺序需与构造函数中read保持一致
dest.writeInt(id);
dest.writeString(name);
}
public static final Parcelable.Creator<User> CREATOR = new Creator<User>() {
@Override
public User createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
return new User(source);
}
@Override
public User[] newArray(int size) {
return new User[size];
}
};
}
User.adil文件:
package com.zgs.aidl.demo;
parcelable User;
IRemoteService.aidl文件源码:
package com.zgs.aidl.demo;
import com.zgs.aidl.demo.User;
/**
*远程的服务
*IRemoteService.aidl
*
*可以引用其它aidl文件中定义的接口,但是不能够引用你的java类文件中定义的接口
*/
interface IRemoteService {
//返回基本类型
int getId();
//返回对象
User getUser();
}
RemoteService.java文件源码:
package com.zgs.aidl.demo.service;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import com.zgs.aidl.demo.IRemoteService;
import com.zgs.aidl.demo.User;
public class RemoteService extends Service {
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Log.i(this.getClass().getName(), "onCreate");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.i(this.getClass().getName(), "onStartCommand");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.i(this.getClass().getName(), "onDestroy");
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mRemoteServiceBinder;
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(this.getClass().getName(), "onUnbind");
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
@Override
public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(this.getClass().getName(), "onRebind");
super.onRebind(intent);
}
IRemoteService.Stub mRemoteServiceBinder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
@Override
public User getUser() throws RemoteException {
User user = new User();
user.setId(123456);
user.setName("alexzhou");
return user;
}
@Override
public int getId() throws RemoteException {
return 123456;
}
};
}
AndroidManifest.xml文件源码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.zgs.adnroidaidlservice"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.zgs.aidl.demo.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!-- android:process="name" name的值是随便取的 ,android:exported:是否允许被其它程序调用-->
<service
android:name="com.zgs.aidl.demo.service.RemoteService"
android:exported="true"
android:process=":remote" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.zgs.aidl.demo.service.REMOTESERVICE" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
</application>
</manifest>
服务端的Activty是自动生成的。没写任何其他代码,这里就不贴出来了。
接着需要创建一个客户端Android工程,目录结构如下图:
先把User.java,User.aidl,IRemoteService.aidl三个文件复制到客户端,注意包名必须跟服务端所在的包名一致。
创建客户端主界面类MainActivity.java
package com.zgs.aidl.client;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.zgs.aidl.demo.IRemoteService;
import com.zgs.aidl.demo.User;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private TextView callbackView;
private Button bindButton;
private boolean isBind;
private final String REMOTE_SERVICE_ACTION = "com.zgs.aidl.demo.service.REMOTESERVICE";
private IRemoteService mRemoteService;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViews();
setListeners();
callbackView.setText("no callback");
}
private void findViews() {
callbackView = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.callback);
bindButton = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.bind);
}
private void setListeners() {
bindButton.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
switch(view.getId()) {
case R.id.bind:
this.bindService(new Intent(REMOTE_SERVICE_ACTION), mConntectin, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
callbackView.setText("binding...");
break;
}
}
private ServiceConnection mConntectin = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
callbackView.setText("Disconnected!");
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
mRemoteService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(binder);
isBind = true;
try {
int id = mRemoteService.getId();
User user = mRemoteService.getUser();
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
buffer.append("id:");
buffer.append(id);
buffer.append("name");
buffer.append(user.getName());
callbackView.setText(buffer.toString());
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
if(isBind) {
this.unbindService(mConntectin);
isBind = false;
}
super.onDestroy();
}
}
布局文件main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView android:id="@+id/callback"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
<Button android:id="@+id/bind"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="bind_remote_service_text"/>
</LinearLayout>
先运行服务端程序,再运行你的客户端程序,点击绑定远程服务按钮,如果一切顺利,将会看到服务端返回的信息。如图:
点击按钮之后正确的效果如下:
原文链接:http://www.eoeandroid.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=201000
本文介绍Android中AIDL(Android Interface Definition Language)的原理及应用,通过实例展示如何利用AIDL实现跨进程通信,包括服务端与客户端的具体实现步骤。
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