CentOS8-linux安装 tailf命令

CentOS8-linux安装 tailf命令

一、起因

我安装的 CentOS8-linux 中，没有tailf命令，在网上搜了安装的方法，整理如下。可能不是最简单的，但亲测有效。

二、tailf 简介

（网上搜的，如果不感兴趣，可以直接跳过！）

1. tailf命令几乎等同于tail -f，严格说来应该与tail --follow=name更相似些。

2. 当文件改名之后它也能继续跟踪，特别适合于日志文件的跟踪（follow the growth of a log file）。

3. 与tail -f不同的是，如果文件不增长，它不会去访问磁盘文件（It is similar to tail -f but does not access the file when it is not growing. This has the side effect of not updating the access time for the file, so a filesystem flush does not occur periodically when no log activity is happening.）。

4. tailf特别适合那些便携机上跟踪日志文件，因为它能省电，因为减少了磁盘访问嘛（tailf is extremely useful for monitoring log files on a laptop when logging is infrequent and the user desires that the hard disk spin down to conserve battery life.）。

5. tailf命令不是个脚本，而是一个用C代码编译后的二进制执行文件，某些Linux安装之后没有这个命令，本文提供了怎么编译安装tailf命令的方法。

三、使用格式

格式：tailf logfile
动态跟踪日志文件logfile，最初的时候默认打印文件的最后10行内容。

四、安装

1. 将下面代码存储到 tailf.c 文件中，上传到 CentOS8-linux 中（上传方式：方式一，可以直接拖到 /usr/local或者 /usr/local/tmp目录下，tmp 是我自己建的；方式二，使用 FileZilla 等基于 FTP协议的客户端工具）

/* tailf.c -- tail a log file and then follow it 
 * Created: Tue Jan  9 15:49:21 1996 by faith@acm.org 
 * Copyright 1996, 2003 Rickard E. Faith (faith@acm.org) 
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a 
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), 
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation 
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included 
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. 
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL 
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR 
 * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, 
 * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR 
 * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. 
 *  
 * less -F and tail -f cause a disk access every five seconds.  This 
 * program avoids this problem by waiting for the file size to change. 
 * Hence, the file is not accessed, and the access time does not need to be 
 * flushed back to disk.  This is sort of a "stealth" tail. 
 */  
  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <malloc.h>  
#include <sys/stat.h>  
//#include "nls.h"  
#define _(s) s  
  
static size_t filesize(const char *filename)  
{  
    struct stat sb;  
  
    if (!stat(filename, &sb)) return sb.st_size;  
    return 0;  
}  
  
static void tailf(const char *filename, int lines)  
{  
    char **buffer;  
    int  head = 0;  
    int  tail = 0;  
    FILE *str;  
    int  i;  
  
    if (!(str = fopen(filename, "r"))) {  
    fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot open \"%s\" for read\n"), filename);  
    perror("");  
    exit(1);  
    }  
  
    buffer = malloc(lines * sizeof(*buffer));  
    for (i = 0; i < lines; i++) buffer[i] = malloc(BUFSIZ + 1);  
  
    while (fgets(buffer[tail], BUFSIZ, str)) {  
    if (++tail >= lines) {  
        tail = 0;  
        head = 1;  
    }  
    }  
  
    if (head) {  
    for (i = tail; i < lines; i++) fputs(buffer[i], stdout);  
    for (i = 0; i < tail; i++)     fputs(buffer[i], stdout);  
    } else {  
    for (i = head; i < tail; i++)  fputs(buffer[i], stdout);  
    }  
    fflush(stdout);  
  
    for (i = 0; i < lines; i++) free(buffer[i]);  
    free(buffer);  
}  
  
int main(int argc, char **argv)  
{  
    char       buffer[BUFSIZ];  
    size_t     osize, nsize;  
    FILE       *str;  
    const char *filename;  
    int        count;  
  
    //setlocale(LC_ALL, "");  
    //bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);  
    //textdomain(PACKAGE);  
  
    if (argc != 2) {  
    fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: tailf logfile\n"));  
    exit(1);  
    }  
  
    filename = argv[1];  
  
    tailf(filename, 10);  
  
    for (osize = filesize(filename);;) {  
    nsize = filesize(filename);  
    if (nsize != osize) {  
        if (!(str = fopen(filename, "r"))) {  
        fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot open \"%s\" for read\n"), filename);  
        perror(argv[0]);  
        exit(1);  
        }  
        if (!fseek(str, osize, SEEK_SET))  
                while ((count = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), str)) > 0)  
                    fwrite(buffer, 1, count, stdout);  
        fflush(stdout);  
        fclose(str);  
        osize = nsize;  
    }  
    usleep(250000);     /* 250mS */  
    }  
    return 0;  
}  
   

2. 运行如下指令
   gcc -o /usr/bin/tailf tailf.c
   如图：
   
   注意：可能出现如下异常
   
   原因：这是因为没有安装 gcc 命令
   解决方案（必须联网）：很简单，只需要一条指令安装 gcc 指令即可，如下：
   yum -y install gcc-c++
   需要下载大约 63Mb的资源，下载完后会自动安装好。
   再执行指令 gcc -o /usr/bin/tailf tailf.c 就能通过了，如下图：
   
   成功后的示例图：
   
   搞定！