Rust和Go语言在2024年的对比

Which is better, Rust or Go? Which language should you choose for your next project and why? How do they compare in terms of performance, simplicity, security, features, scalability, and concurrency? What do they have in common and what are their fundamental differences? Let’s find the answer through a friendly and fair comparison of Rust and Go.
Rust 和 Go 哪个更好？您应该为下一个项目选择哪种语言？为什么？它们在性能、简单性、安全性、功能、可扩展性和并发性方面如何比较？它们有什么共同点以及它们的根本区别是什么？让我们通过对 Rust 和 Go 的友好、公正的比较来找到答案。

一、Rust and Go are both great 都很棒

Firstly, it is very important to note that Go and Rust are both absolutely excellent programming languages. They are modern, powerful, widely adopted, and provide excellent performance.
首先，需要注意的是，Go 和 Rust 都是绝对优秀的编程语言。它们现代化、功能强大、被广泛采用，并提供卓越的性能。

Rust is a low-level statically typed multi-paradigm programming language that focuses on safety and performance — Gints Dreimanis [2]
Rust 是一种低级静态类型多范式编程语言，专注于安全性和性能 — Gints Dreimanis [2]

However: 然而：

Go is an open-source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software golang.org [3]
Go 是一种开源编程语言，可以轻松构建简单、可靠、高效的软件 golang.org [3]

In this article, I will try to briefly outline which scenarios I think Go is the ideal choice and which scenarios Rust may be a better choice.
在这篇文章中，我将尝试简要概述哪些场景我认为 Go 是理想的选择，哪些场景 Rust 可能是更好的选择。

二、Similarities 相似之处

What is the common goal of the two languages?
两种语言的共同目标是什么？

2.1 Memory safety 内存安全

Historically, one of the biggest causes of software errors and security bugs is unsafe or incorrect access to memory.
从历史上看，软件错误和安全漏洞的最大原因之一是对内存的不安全或不正确访问。

Rust and Go handle this problem in different ways, but both aim to be smarter and safer in managing memory than other languages.
Rust 和 Go 以不同的方式处理这个问题，但两者的目标都是比其他语言更智能、更安全地管理内存。

2.2 Fast and compact executable files快速且紧凑的可执行文件

They are all compile languages, which means your program will be directly compiled into executable machine code so that you can deploy the program as a single binary file. Compared with interpreted languages such as Python or Ruby, this also makes Rust and Go programs have extremely fast execution speed.
它们都是编译语言，这意味着您的程序将直接编译成可执行的机器代码，以便您可以将程序部署为单个二进制文件。与Python或Ruby等解释性语言相比，这也使得Rust和Go程序具有极快的执行速度。

2.3 Common language 共同语言

Rust and Go are both powerful and extensible g