LeetCode: 235. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree
题目描述
Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BST.
According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes p and q as the lowest node in T that has both p and q as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”
Given binary search tree: root = [6,2,8,0,4,7,9,null,null,3,5]

Example 1:
Input: root = [6,2,8,0,4,7,9,null,null,3,5], p = 2, q = 8
Output: 6
Explanation: The LCA of nodes 2 and 8 is 6.
Example 2:
Input: root = [6,2,8,0,4,7,9,null,null,3,5], p = 2, q = 4
Output: 2
Explanation: The LCA of nodes 2 and 4 is 2,
since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.
Note:
- All of the nodes’ values will be unique.
pandqare different and both values will exist in the BST.
解题思路 —— 递归求解
设 x 为 p,q较大值节点,y 为 p,q较小值节点。则当遍历到 r 节点时,它们的位置关系有以下几种可能性:
-
“
x节点 是r节点且y节点是x节点的左子树的节点”或者“y节点 是r节点且x节点是y节点的右子树的节点”
这种情况下,最近的公共祖先节点就是x节点或y节点。

-
y节点和x节点分别是r节点的左/右子树的节点
这种情况下,最近的公共祖先节点就是r节点。

-
x节点和y节点都是r节点的左子树的节点
这种情况下,最近的公共祖先节点在r节点的左子树中。

-
x节点和y节点都是r节点的右子树的节点
这种情况下,最近的公共祖先节点在r节点的右子树中。

AC 代码
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
if(root == nullptr || p == nullptr || q == nullptr)
{
return nullptr;
}
int maxVal = max(p->val, q->val);
int minVal = min(p->val, q->val);
// “`x` 节点 是 `r` 节点且 `y` 节点是 `x` 节点的左子树的节点”
// 或者“`y`节点 是 `r` 节点且 `x` 节点是 `y` 节点的右子树的节点”
if(root->val == p->val || root->val == q->val)
{
return root;
}
// `y` 节点和 `x` 节点分别是 `r` 节点的左/右子树的节点
else if(root->val < maxVal && root->val > minVal)
{
return root;
}
// `x` 节点和 `y` 节点都是 `r` 节点的左子树的节点
else if(root->val > maxVal)
{
return lowestCommonAncestor(root->left, p, q);
}
// `x` 节点和 `y` 节点都是 `r` 节点的右子树的节点
else //if(root->val < minVal)
{
return lowestCommonAncestor(root->right, p, q);
}
}
};
本文详细介绍了如何解决LeetCode上的235题——二叉搜索树的最近公共祖先问题。通过递归方法,我们分析了不同情况下的最近公共祖先节点,并给出了AC代码实现。此问题涉及二叉树、递归和算法等关键概念。

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