Web表单（Flask-WTF）

最新推荐文章于 2026-01-12 20:41:47 发布

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本文介绍使用Flask框架处理Web表单的方法，包括通过request.form获取表单数据、利用Flask-WTF扩展简化表单处理流程及实现重定向与用户会话功能。

1、request.form获取POST请求中提交的表单数据

hello.py:

from flask import Flask, request, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def home():
    return render_template('home.html')

@app.route('/signin', methods=['GET'])
def signin_form():
    return render_template('form.html')

@app.route('/signin', methods=['POST'])
def signin():
	#receive the data from submit
    username = request.form['username']
    password = request.form['password']
    if username=='admin' and password=='password':
        return render_template('signin-ok.html', username=username)
    return render_template('form.html', message='Bad username or password', username=username)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

form.html:

<html>
<head>
  <title>Please Sign In</title>
</head>
<body>
  {% if message %}
  <p style="color:red">{{ message }}</p>
  {% endif %}
  <form action="/signin" method="post">
    <legend>Please sign in:</legend>
    <p><input name="username" placeholder="Username" value="{{ username }}"></p>
    <p><input name="password" placeholder="Password" type="password" value="{{ password }}"></p>
    <p><button type="submit">Sign In</button></p>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

2、Flask-WTF扩展库处理Web表单：

hello.py:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask.ext.script import Manager
from flask.ext.bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flask.ext.moment import Moment
from flask.ext.wtf import Form
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import Required

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'hard to guess string'

manager = Manager(app)
bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)
moment = Moment(app)

#表单类，定义了一个文本字段和一个提交按钮
#Required()为验证函数
class NameForm(Form):
    name = StringField('What is your name?', validators=[Required()])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

#视图函数处理表单
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    name = None
    form = NameForm()
	#如果提交的数据验证通过，则返回True
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        name = form.name.data
        form.name.data = ''
    return render_template('index.html', form=form, name=name)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()

index.html:

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %}

{% block title %}Flasky{% endblock %}

{% block page_content %}
<div class="page-header">
    <h1>Hello, {% if name %}{{ name }}{% else %}Stranger{% endif %}!</h1>
</div>
<!-- 导入wtf.html渲染整个Flsk-WTF表单，参数form是hello.py中传过来的form实例-->
{{ wtf.quick_form(form) }}
{% endblock %}

3、重定向和用户会话

Submit后，刷新网页会出现警告提示：

修改hello.py:（增加会话和重定向功能）

from flask import Flask, render_template, session, redirect, url_for
from flask.ext.script import Manager
from flask.ext.bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flask.ext.moment import Moment
from flask.ext.wtf import Form
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import Required

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'hard to guess string'

manager = Manager(app)
bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)
moment = Moment(app)

class NameForm(Form):
    name = StringField('What is your name?', validators=[Required()])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    form = NameForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        session['name'] = form.name.data
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    return render_template('index.html', form=form, name=session.get('name'))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()