用 pytorch 搭建一个残差网络(ResNet50)分类器(基于 kaggle 猫狗数据集)

这两天，一直想着找一个效果好点的模型来实现一下 kaggle 经典的猫狗分类器，kaggle 猫狗数据集以前也用自己搭建的 CNN 模型跑过，因为模型比较大，跑的比较慢，只跑了5轮，大概正确率在80%左右，效果一般般，当然模型也比较简单，只有6个卷积层2个最大池化层，1个均值池化层。昨天的时候，偶然看到经典的 ResNet 模型，就寻思着搭建一个 ResNet50 的模型，理论部分的话，我就搬运两个大佬的图，结合代码来看还是比较易懂的。

模型关键代码：

class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
    expansion = 4

    def __init__(self, inplanes, planes, stride = 1, downsample=None):
        super(Bottleneck, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(inplanes, planes, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)       # 数据归一化处理，使其均值为0，方差为1，可有效避免梯度消失

        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)
        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)       # 数据归一化处理，使其均值为0，方差为1，可有效避免梯度消失

        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes * 4, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
        self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes * 4)   # 数据归一化处理，使其均值为0，方差为1，可有效避免梯度消失

        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.downsample = downsample
        self.stride = stride

    def forward(self, x):
        residual = x

        out = self.conv1(x)
        out = self.bn1(out)
        out = self.relu(out)

        out = self.conv2(out)
        out = self.bn2(out)
        out = self.relu(out)

        out = self.conv3(out)
        out = self.bn3(out)

        if self.downsample is not None:
            residual = self.downsample(x)

        out += residual
        out = self.relu(out)

        return out

class ResNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, block, layers, num_classes=1000):
        self.inplanes = 64
        super(ResNet, self).__init__()

        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)