python修改误差棒的样式_用 matplotlib 绘制误差棒图(Errorbar）

标准偏差(Standard Deviation)、标准误(Standard Error)、置信区间(Confidence Intervals)

import numpy as np

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

from scipy.stats import t

# 在5-15范围内生成15个随机数据点

X = np.random.randint(5, 15, 15)

# 样本大小

n = X.size

# 平均

X_mean = np.mean(X)

# standard deviation

X_std = np.std(X)

# standard error

X_se = X_std / np.sqrt(n)

# alternatively:

# from scipy import stats

# stats.sem(X)

# 95% Confidence Interval

dof = n - 1 # degrees of freedom

alpha = 1.0 - 0.95

conf_interval = t.ppf(1-alpha/2., dof) * X_std*np.sqrt(1.+1./n)

fig = plt.gca()

plt.errorbar(1, X_mean, yerr=X_std, fmt='-o')

plt.errorbar(2, X_mean, yerr=X_se, fmt='-o')

plt.errorbar(3, X_mean, yerr=conf_interval, fmt='-o')

plt.xlim([0,4])

plt.ylim(X_mean-conf_interval-2, X_mean+conf_interval+2)

# axis formatting

fig.axes.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)

fig.spines["top"].set_visible(False)

fig.spines["right"].set_visible(False)

plt.tick_params(axis="both", which="both", bottom="off", top="off",

labelbottom="on", left="on", right="off", labelleft="on")

plt.legend(['Standard Deviation', 'Standard Error', 'Confidence Interval'],

loc='upper left',

numpoints=1,

fancybox=True)

plt.ylabel('random variable')

plt.title('15 random values in the range 5-15')

plt.show()