本文档详细介绍了在 CentOS7 系统中如何安装 MySQL 5.7，包括下载 MySQL YUM 安装包，使用 YUM 安装，启动 MySQL 服务，修改 root 用户默认密码，设置开机启动，以及配置远程访问和默认编码为 UTF8。在安装过程中，还涉及到了密码策略的检查和修改。
前言：mysql官网上yum的位置
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
1.检查centos系统中是否有mysql的yum安装包
[root@localhost src]# yum list *mysql*
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
错误：没有匹配的软件包可以列出
[root@localhost src]#
2.下载mysql安装包
[root@localhost src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
--2017-02-25 07:01:34-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
正在连接 dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 302 Found
位置：https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm [跟随至新的 URL]
--2017-02-25 07:01:36-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 104.88.152.154
正在连接 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|104.88.152.154|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：9224 (9.0K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm”
100%[======================================>] 9,224 --.-K/s 用时 0s
2017-02-25 07:01:36 (72.9 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm” [9224/9224])
3.用yum命令安装mysql
进入到包含有mysql安装包的路径
[root@localhost src]# ls
mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost src]# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在检查 mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch
mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql57-community-release.noarch.0.el7-9 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
base/7/x86_64 | 3.6 kB 00:00
extras/7/x86_64 | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 122 kB 00:00
updates/7/x86_64 | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 2.9 MB 00:02
依赖关系解决
================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql57-community-release
noarch el7-9 /mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch 8.6 k
事务概要
================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总计：8.6 k
安装大小：8.6 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
** 发现 7 个已存在的 RPM 数据库问题， 'yum check' 输出如下：
icedtea-web-1.6.2-4.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 java-1.8.0-openjdk
ipa-client-4.4.0-12.el7.centos.x86_64 有已安装冲突 freeipa-client: ipa-client-4.4.0-12.el7.centos.x86_64
ipa-client-common-4.4.0-12.el7.centos.noarch 有已安装冲突 freeipa-client-common: ipa-client-common-4.4.0-12.el7.centos.noarch
ipa-common-4.4.0-12.el7.centos.noarch 有已安装冲突 freeipa-common: ipa-common-4.4.0-12.el7.centos.noarch
jline-1.0-8.el7.noarch 有缺少的需求 java >= ('0', '1.5', None)
1:libreoffice-core-5.0.6.2-3.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 java-headless >= ('1', '1.6', None)
1:libreoffice-ure-5.0.6.2-3.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 libjvm.so()(64bit)
正在安装 : mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch 1/1
验证中 : mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch 1/1
已安装:
mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-9
完毕！
4 检查mysql源是否安装成功，如下截图显示mysql源安装成功
[root@localhost src]# yum repolist enabled |grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 3
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 4
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 16
[root@localhost src]#
5 安装mysql
[root@localhost src]# yum install mysql-community-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: centos.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.17-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.17-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.17-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.17-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.52-1.el7 将被 取代
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.17-1.el7 将被 舍弃
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.17-1.el7 将被 舍弃
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
======================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
======================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.17-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.1 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.17-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.0 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.17-1.el7 mysql57-community 162 M
为依赖而安装:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.17-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.17-1.el7 mysql57-community 271 k
事务概要
======================================================================================================================================================
安装 3 软件包 (+2 依赖软件包)
总下载量：190 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/5): mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 271 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00:03
(3/5): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:02
(4/5): mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 MB 00:00:29
(5/5): mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 162 MB 00:01:23
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 2.1 MB/s | 190 MB 00:01:29
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
用户ID : "MySQL Release Engineering "
指纹 : a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
软件包 : mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch (installed)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
是否继续？[y/N]：y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
正在删除 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
验证中 : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
验证中 : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
验证中 : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
已安装:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7
作为依赖被安装:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7
替代:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7
完毕！
[root@localhost src]#
6 启动mysql服务(这个命令有点慢，大概2-3分钟的样子。。。，启动时候屏幕没有提示信息)
[root@localhost src]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost src]#
7 查看MySQL的启动状态(显示下面的信息，表示mysql启动成功)
[root@localhost src]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 六 2017-02-25 08:01:43 CST; 1min 41s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 6228 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 6139 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 6230 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─6230 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
2月 25 08:01:12 localhost systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
2月 25 08:01:43 localhost systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
8 设置开机启动
shell> systemctl enable mysqld
shell> systemctl daemon-reload
9 修改root默认密码
9.1 mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：
[root@localhost log]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2017-02-25T00:01:29.530714Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: +Fx;UZHzy6MI
9.2 在下面的Enter password 输入上面那个自动生成的密码 +Fx;UZHzy6MI，回车后出现mysql>提示符号
[root@localhost log]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
9.3 在mysql提示符号下，输入如下命令，修改mysql root用户密码,把密码修改为Root123456!@ (默认密码策略要求：字母，数字，特殊字符，字母必须把含有大写的)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root123456!@';
9.4 注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件(validate_password)，默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误，如下图所示：
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
9.5 通过环境变量查看密码策略信息
validate_password_policy | MEDIUM 表示为当前使用的是中级密码策略
mysql> show variables like '%password%';
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime | 0 |
| disconnect_on_expired_password | ON |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users | OFF |
| old_passwords | 0 |
| report_password | |
| sha256_password_proxy_users | OFF |
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略 validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要 validate_password_length：密码最少长度 validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个 validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个 validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个 上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。
共有以下几种密码策略：
策略 检查规则
0 or LOW Length
1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file
MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy
修改密码策略
在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置，指定密码策略
# 选择0(LOW)，1(MEDIUM)，2(STRONG)其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件
validate_password_policy=0
如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：
validate_password = off
重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：
systemctl restart mysqld
10 添加远程登陆用户
默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，我添加一个新的帐户：
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'zhan'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Zhan123456!@' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
11 配置默认编码为utf8
11.1 首先退出mysql mysql> exit
11.2 修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示：
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
"/etc/my.cnf" 29L, 1016C
12 重新启动mysql服务，让11节设置的编码生效
[root@localhost log]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost log]#
13 重新登陆mysql
[root@localhost log]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
14 查看mysql数据库编码
mysql> show variables like '%character%'
-> ;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
15 mysql默认配置文件路径
配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
日志文件：/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
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