C#源代码 彩色图转换为灰度图

//Form.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
/*
彩色图像灰度化的转换公式有三种
1、Gray(i,j)=[R(i,j)+G(i,j)+B(i,j)]/3
2、Gray(i,j)=0.299*R(i,j)+0.587*G(i,j)+0.114*B(i,j)
3、Gray(i,j)=G(i,j)由2知G占的比重最大，所以可以这样
*/
namespace colorToGray
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private string curFileName;
        private System.Drawing.Bitmap curBitmap;
        private HiPerfTimer myTimer;
        public Form1()
        {
            myTimer = new HiPerfTimer();
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            OpenFileDialog opnDlg = new OpenFileDialog(); //创建openFileDialog
            //为图像选择一个筛选器
            opnDlg.Filter = "所有图像文件 | *.bmp; *.pcx; *.png; *.jpg; *.gif;" +
                "*.tif; *.ico; *.dxf; *.cgm; *.cdr; *.wmf; *.eps; *.emf|" +
                "位图(*.bmp; *.jpg; *.png; ...) | *.bmp; *.pcx; *.png; *.jpg; *.gif; *.tif; *.ico|" +
                "矢量图( *.wmf; *.eps; *.emf;...) | *.dxf; *.cgm; *.cdr; *.wmf; *.eps; *.emf";
            opnDlg.Title = "打开图像文件"; //设置对话框标题
            opnDlg.ShowHelp = true;
            if (opnDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) //如果结果为"打开",选定文件
            {
                curFileName = opnDlg.FileName; //读取当前选中的文件名
                //使用Image.FormFile创建对像
                try
                {
                    curBitmap = (Bitmap)Image.FromFile(curFileName);
                }
                catch (Exception exp)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(exp.Message); //抛出异常
                }
            }
            Invalidate(); //对窗体进行重新绘制,这钭强制执行paint事件处理程序
        }

        private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //如果没有创建图像,则退出
            if (curBitmap == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            //调用SaveFileDialog
            SaveFileDialog saveDlg = new SaveFileDialog();
            saveDlg.Title = "保存为";
            saveDlg.OverwritePrompt = true;//改写已经存在文件时提示用户
            saveDlg.Filter = "BMP 文件 (*.bmp) | *.bmp|" + "Gif 文件 (*.gif) |*.gif|" +
                "JPEG文件(*.jpg)|*.jpg|" + "PNG文件 (&.png)| *.png";
            saveDlg.ShowHelp = true; //启用"帮助"按键
            if (saveDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                string fileName = saveDlg.FileName;
                string strFilExtn = fileName.Remove(0, fileName.Length - 3); //获取选择文件的的扩展名
                //保存文件
                switch (strFilExtn)
                {
                    case "bmp":
                        curBitmap.Save(fileName, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp);
                        break;
                    case "jpg":
                        curBitmap.Save(fileName,System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg );
                        break;
                    case "gif":
                        curBitmap.Save(fileName,System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif);
                        break;
                    case "tif":
                        curBitmap.Save(fileName,System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Tiff);
                        break;
                    case "png":
                        curBitmap.Save(fileName,System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Tiff);
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;

                }
            }
        }

        private void btnClose_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Close();
        }

        private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            //获取Graphics对象
            Graphics g = e.Graphics;
            if (curBitmap != null)
            {
                //使用DrawImage方法绘制图像
                //160，20：显示主窗体内，图像左上角的坐标
                //curBitmap.Width,curBitmap.Height:图像的宽度和高度
                g.DrawImage(curBitmap, 160, 20, curBitmap.Width, curBitmap.Height);
            }
        }

        private void btnPixel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            myTimer.Start();
            if (curBitmap != null)
            {
                Color curColor;
                int ret;
               
                //二维图像数组循环
                for (int i = 0; i < curBitmap.Width; i++)
                {
                    for (int j = 0; j < curBitmap.Height; j++)
                    {
                        curColor = curBitmap.GetPixel(i, j);
                        ret = (int)(curColor.R * 0.299 + curColor.G * 0.587 + curColor.B * 0.114);
                        curBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.FromArgb(ret, ret, ret));
                    }
                }
                myTimer.Stop();
                txtTimeBox.Text = myTimer.Duration.ToString("####.##") + "毫秒";
                Invalidate();
            }
        }

        private void btnMemory_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            /*if (curBitmap != null)
            {
                Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, curBitmap.Width, curBitmap.Height); //位图矩形
                //以可读写的方式锁定全部像素
                System.Drawing.Imaging.BitmapData bmpData = curBitmap.LockBits(rect,
                    System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, curBitmap.PixelFormat);
                //得到首地址
                IntPtr ptr = bmpData.Scan0;

                //24位Bmp位图字节数
                int bytes = curBitmap.Width * curBitmap.Height * 3;
                //定义位图数组
                byte[] rgbValues=new byte[bytes];
                //复制被锁定的位图像素值到该数组内
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.Copy(ptr, rgbValues, 0, bytes);

                //灰度化
                double colorTemp = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < rgbValues.Length; i += 3)
                {
                    colorTemp = rgbValues[i + 2] * 0.299 + rgbValues[i + 1] * 0.587 + rgbValues[i] * 0.114;
                    rgbValues[i] = rgbValues[i + 1] = rgbValues[i + 2] = (byte)colorTemp;
                }

                //把数组复制回位图
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.Copy(rgbValues, 0, ptr, bytes);
                //解锁定位图像素
                curBitmap.UnlockBits(bmpData);
                Invalidate();
            }*/
            //以上程序只适用于512 X 512的24位图像

            //以下程序适用任意24位图
            myTimer.Start();
            if (curBitmap != null)
            {
                Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, curBitmap.Width, curBitmap.Height); //位图矩形
                //以可读写的方式锁定全部像素
                System.Drawing.Imaging.BitmapData bmpData = curBitmap.LockBits(rect,
                    System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, curBitmap.PixelFormat);
                //得到首地址
                IntPtr ptr = bmpData.Scan0;

                //定义被锁定的数组大小，由位图数据与未用空间组成
                int bytes = bmpData.Stride * bmpData.Height;
                //定义位图数组
                byte[] rgbValues = new byte[bytes];
                //复制被锁定的位图像素值到该数组内
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.Copy(ptr, rgbValues, 0, bytes);

                //灰度化
                double colorTemp = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < bmpData.Height; i++)
                {
                    //只处理每行中是图像像素的数据，舍弃未用空间
                    for (int j = 0; j < bmpData.Width * 3; j += 3)
                    {
                        colorTemp = rgbValues[i * bmpData.Stride + j + 2] * 0.299 +
                            rgbValues[i * bmpData.Stride + j + 1] * 0.587 +
                            rgbValues[i * bmpData.Stride + j] * 0.114;
                        rgbValues[i * bmpData.Stride + j] = rgbValues[i * bmpData.Stride + j + 1] =
                            rgbValues[i * bmpData.Stride + j + 2] = (byte)colorTemp;
                    }
                }

                //把数组复制回位图
                System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.Copy(rgbValues, 0, ptr, bytes);
                //解锁定位图像素
                curBitmap.UnlockBits(bmpData);
                myTimer.Stop();
                txtTimeBox.Text = myTimer.Duration.ToString("####.##") + "毫秒";
                Invalidate();
            }
        }

        private void btnPointer_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            myTimer.Start();
            if (curBitmap != null)
            {
                //位图矩形
                Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, curBitmap.Width, curBitmap.Height);
                //以可读写的方式锁定全部像素
                System.Drawing.Imaging.BitmapData bmpData = curBitmap.LockBits(rect,
                    System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, curBitmap.PixelFormat);

                byte temp = 0;
                //启动不安全模式
                unsafe
                {
                    //得到首地址
                    byte* ptr = (byte*)(bmpData.Scan0);
                    //二维图像循环
                    for (int i = 0; i < bmpData.Height; i++)
                    {
                        for (int j = 0; j < bmpData.Width; j++)
                        {
                            temp = (byte)(0.299 * ptr[2] + 0.587 * ptr[1] + 0.114 * ptr[0]);
                            ptr[0] = ptr[1] = ptr[2] = temp;
                            //指向下一个像素
                            ptr += 3;
                        }
                        ptr += bmpData.Stride - bmpData.Width * 3;//指向下一行数组的首个字节
                    }
                }

                curBitmap.UnlockBits(bmpData);
                myTimer.Stop();
                txtTimeBox.Text = myTimer.Duration.ToString("####.##") + "毫秒";
                Invalidate();
            }
        }
    }
}
//HiPerfTimer.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;

namespace colorToGray
{
    internal class HiPerfTimer
    {
        //引用Win32 API中的QueryPerformanceCounter()方法
        //该方法用来查询任意时刻高精度计数器的实际值
        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern bool QueryPerformanceCounter(out long lpPerformanceCount);

        //引用Win32 API 中的QueryPerformanceFrequency()方法
        //该方法返回高精度计数器每秒的计数值
        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern bool QueryPerformanceFrequency(out long lpFrequency);

        private long startTime, stopTime;
        private long freq;

        public HiPerfTimer()
        {
            startTime = 0;
            stopTime = 0;

            if (QueryPerformanceFrequency(out freq) == false)
            {
                throw new Win32Exception(); //不支持高性能计时器
            }
        }

        //开始计时
        public void Start()
        {
            //让等待线程工作
            Thread.Sleep(0);
            QueryPerformanceCounter(out startTime);
        }

        public void Stop()
        {
            QueryPerformanceCounter(out stopTime);
        }
       
        //返回计时结果(ms)
        public double Duration
        {
            get
            {
                return (double)(stopTime - startTime) * 1000 / (double)freq;
            }
        }
    }