使用constraint时， animateWithDuration不起作用的解决方法

最新推荐文章于 2026-06-07 08:10:45 发布

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本文探讨了在iOS开发中遇到的问题：使用布局约束调整UI元素后，调用animateWithDuration方法进行动画处理时无法正常显示动画效果。通过分析apple文档和相关教程，我们了解到在手动更改布局约束后必须调用layoutIfNeeded方法来更新视图层次结构。通过代码示例，演示了如何正确使用layoutIfNeeded和animateWithDuration方法实现动画效果，并提供了不同场景下的调用方式和效果截图。

调用UIView的animateWithDuration设计简单的动画是很方便的。但使用uiconstraint进行界面设计时，animateWithDuration的动画不起作用。问题可能出现在：

1.没有调用layoutIfNeeded。

2.调用layoutIfNeeded的对象不正确。

apple文档对layoutIfNeeded的描述是：

Lays out the subviews immediately.
	Use this method to force the layout of subviews before drawing. Using the view that receives the message as the root view, this method lays out the view subtree starting at the root.

在 IOS 8 by tutorials 一书有以下描述：

Whenever you manually change any layout constraints you must call layoutIfNeeded() on the superview of the views that are affected by constraint change.

为了使constraint的变化显示出来，调用layoutIfNeeded的view应该是受影响的view的superview

stackoverflow上有关于这个问题的回答：

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12622424/how-do-i-animate-constraint-changes

demo：

<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet weak var redView: UIView!
    @IBOutlet weak var grayView: UIView!
    @IBOutlet weak var redWidthConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
    @IBOutlet weak var redHorizontalSpace: NSLayoutConstraint!
    @IBOutlet weak var grayWidthConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!
    @IBOutlet weak var grayHorizontalSpace: NSLayoutConstraint!
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }


    @IBAction func animate(sender: AnyObject) {
        
        UIView.animateWithDuration(2.0, animations: {
            
            self.redHorizontalSpace.constant = self.redHorizontalSpace.constant + 100
            self.grayHorizontalSpace.constant = self.grayHorizontalSpace.constant + 100
    
        })
    }
}</span>

outlet对应如下：

初始位置：

1.没有调用layoutIfNeeded，redView和grayView的位置瞬间变化，没有动画出现。

2.在self.redView上调用layoutIfNeeded,redView出现动画，grayVIew位置还是瞬移：

<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">    @IBAction func animate(sender: AnyObject) {
        
        UIView.animateWithDuration(2.0, animations: {
            
            self.redHorizontalSpace.constant = self.redHorizontalSpace.constant + 100
            self.grayHorizontalSpace.constant = self.grayHorizontalSpace.constant + 100
            self.redView.layoutIfNeeded()
    
        })
    }</span>

动画过程的一个截图：

3.在self.view上调用layoutIfNeeded,两个view都出现动画：

<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;">    @IBAction func animate(sender: AnyObject) {
        
        UIView.animateWithDuration(2.0, animations: {
            
            self.redHorizontalSpace.constant = self.redHorizontalSpace.constant + 100
            self.grayHorizontalSpace.constant = self.grayHorizontalSpace.constant + 100
            self.view.layoutIfNeeded()
    
        })
    }</span>

4.在superview的superview上调用layoutIfNeeded同样可以出现动画：

import UIKit

class NextViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet weak var grayWidth: NSLayoutConstraint!
    @IBOutlet weak var redVerticalSpace: NSLayoutConstraint!
    @IBOutlet weak var grayView: UIView!
    @IBOutlet weak var redView: UIView!
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }
    
    @IBAction func animate(sender: AnyObject) {
        
        UIView.animateWithDuration(2.0, animations: {

        self.grayWidth.constant = self.grayWidth.constant + 100
        self.redVerticalSpace.constant = self.redVerticalSpace.constant + 100
        self.view.layoutIfNeeded()
            
        })
    }

}

动画过程中的截图：