吴恩达Coursera机器学习:exercise2

本文通过使用逻辑回归预测学生是否能被大学录取的例子,介绍了如何实现逻辑回归及正则化逻辑回归,并展示了如何利用Matlab进行模型训练、评估模型准确性等关键步骤。

1. 逻辑回归

    根据exam1和exam2的考试成绩,来预测学生能否被大学录取。

1.1 可视化数据

    画出训练样本exam1和exam2的分布散点图。

    

1.2 步骤

1.2.1 sigmoid函数

                            

1.2.2 代价函数和梯度

    代价函数为:

                    

    梯度为:

                                                

for i = 1:m
    J = J + (-y(i) * log(sigmoid(theta.'* X(i,:).')) - (1-y(i)) * log(1 - sigmoid(theta.'* X(i,:).')));
end
J = J/m;
for j = 1:length(theta)
    for i = 1:m
        grad(j) = grad(j) + (sigmoid(theta.'* X(i,:).') - y(i))*X(i,j);
    end
    grad(j) = grad(j)/m;
end

1.2.3 用fminunc求解参数最优解

                                

1.2.4 评价逻辑回归估计效果

p = sigmoid([X(:,1) X(:,2) X(:,3)] * theta);
p(find(p >= 0.5)) = 1;
p(find(p < 0.5)) = 0;

估计准确度为89%。

2. 正则化逻辑回归

2.1 可视化数据

                               

2.2 增加特征数量

                                        

2.3 代价函数和梯度

    正则化逻辑回归的代价函数和梯度为:

                

                            

for i = 1:m
    J = J + (y(i) * log(sigmoid(X(i,:) * theta)) + (1-y(i)) * log(1 - sigmoid(X(i,:) * theta)));
end
J = -J/m;
for i = 1:length(theta)
    J = J + lambda/2/m * theta(i)^2;
end

for j = 1:length(theta)
    if j == 1
        for i = 1:m
            grad(j) = grad(j) + 1/m * (sigmoid(X(i,:) * theta) - y(i)) * X(i,j);
        end
    else
        for i = 1:m
            grad(j) = grad(j) + 1/m * (sigmoid(X(i,:) * theta) - y(i)) * X(i,j);
        end
        grad(j) = grad(j) + lambda/m * theta(j);
    end
end

2.3.1 用fminunc函数求参数最优解

2.4 画出决策边界线

                                 

    最终模型的准确度为:83.05%

Programming Exercise 1: Linear Regression Machine Learning Introduction In this exercise, you will implement linear regression and get to see it work on data. Before starting on this programming exercise, we strongly recom- mend watching the video lectures and completing the review questions for the associated topics. To get started with the exercise, you will need to download the starter code and unzip its contents to the directory where you wish to complete the exercise. If needed, use the cd command in Octave/MATLAB to change to this directory before starting this exercise. You can also find instructions for installing Octave/MATLAB in the “En- vironment Setup Instructions” of the course website. Files included in this exercise ex1.m - Octave/MATLAB script that steps you through the exercise ex1 multi.m - Octave/MATLAB script for the later parts of the exercise ex1data1.txt - Dataset for linear regression with one variable ex1data2.txt - Dataset for linear regression with multiple variables submit.m - Submission script that sends your solutions to our servers [?] warmUpExercise.m - Simple example function in Octave/MATLAB [?] plotData.m - Function to display the dataset [?] computeCost.m - Function to compute the cost of linear regression [?] gradientDescent.m - Function to run gradient descent [†] computeCostMulti.m - Cost function for multiple variables [†] gradientDescentMulti.m - Gradient descent for multiple variables [†] featureNormalize.m - Function to normalize features [†] normalEqn.m - Function to compute the normal equations ? indicates files you will need to complete † indicates optional exercises
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