力扣数据库刷题之错题总结和归纳

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1.力扣185题
题目：The Department table holds all departments of the company.
获取单一部门的前三高工资的员工部门和姓名以及工资。

The Employee table holds all employees. Every employee has an Id, and there is also a column for the department Id.

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
| 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
| 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
| 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
The Department table holds all departments of the company.

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+
Write a SQL query to find employees who earn the top three salaries in each of the department. For the above tables, your SQL query should return the following rows (order of rows does not matter).

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
| IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
| IT         | Will     | 70000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
+------------+----------+--------+
Explanation:

In IT department, Max earns the highest salary, both Randy and Joe earn the second highest salary, and Will earns the third highest salary. There are only two employees in the Sales department, Henry earns the highest salary while Sam earns the second highest salary.

解法：

• 首先将工资按照部门排序排名。

SELECT
        COUNT(DISTINCT e2.Salary)
        FROM
            Employee e2,Employee e1
        WHERE
            e2.Salary > e1.Salary
                AND e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId

或者用dense_rank()

select  e.*, 
		dense_rank() over 
		(partition by DepartmentId order by Salary desc) as DeptPayRank 
from Employee e 

• 取排名前三的即可

SELECT
    d.Name AS 'Department', e1.Name AS 'Employee', e1.Salary
FROM
    Employee e1
        JOIN
    Department d ON e1.DepartmentId = d.Id
WHERE
    3 > (SELECT
            COUNT(DISTINCT e2.Salary)
        FROM
            Employee e2
        WHERE
            e2.Salary > e1.Salary
                AND e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId
        )
;

或者：

select d.Name as Department, a. Name as Employee, a. Salary 
from (
select e.*, dense_rank() over (partition by DepartmentId order by Salary desc) as DeptPayRank 
from Employee e 
) a 
join Department d
on a. DepartmentId = d. Id 
where DeptPayRank <=3;

对于此知识点可查看：
数据库知识要点归纳和总结之窗口函数和排序自连接的用法

2.题目描述：

编写一个 SQL 查询，查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。

示例：

+----+---------+
| Id | Email   |
+----+---------+
| 1  | a@b.com |
| 2  | c@d.com |
| 3  | a@b.com |
+----+---------+
根据以上输入，你的查询应返回以下结果：

+---------+
| Email   |
+---------+
| a@b.com |
+---------+
说明：所有电子邮箱都是小写字母。

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/duplicate-emails
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解题思路与笔记：
目的：查找重复的邮箱。
需要统计次数大于1的邮箱即可。
想到用group by创建分组。

select Email 
FROM Person
group by Email
having count(Email)>1;

但是有条件，利用having进行筛选。

mysql中having的用法：
典型的过滤分组的方法：
mysql中，当我们用到聚合函数，如sum，count后，又需要筛选条件时，having就派上用场了，因为WHERE是在聚合前筛选记录的，having和group by是组合着用的。
having和where的区别：
作用的对象不同。WHERE 子句作用于表和视图，HAVING 子句作用于组。WHERE 在分组和聚集计算之前选取输入行（因此，它控制哪些行进入聚集计算）， 而 HAVING 在分组和聚集之后选取分组的行。因此，WHERE 子句不能包含聚集函数； 因为试图用聚集函数判断那些行输入给聚集运算是没有意义的。 相反，HAVING 子句总是包含聚集函数。（严格说来，你可以写不使用聚集的 HAVING 子句， 但这样做只是白费劲。同样的条件可以更有效地用于 WHERE 阶段。）