SpringMVC环境搭建

学习了一下JavaWeb，更容易理解SpringMVC了。简要说一下基础的环境搭建

1.Maven配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>springmvc-01-servlet</module>
        <module>springmvc-02-hellomvc</module>
        <module>springmvc-03-annotation</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

</project>

2.建立好大致的文件

3. 配置好web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--    配置dispatcherServlet：springmvc的核心-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--    DispatcherServlet需要绑定Spring配置文件    -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--        启动级别，和服务器一起启动-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!--
    在springmvc中，/ ：只会匹配所有的请求，不会匹配jsp页面; /* ：匹配所有的请求，包括jsp
    -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

4.配置好spring.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--    自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效，由IOC容器统一管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zjy.controller"/>

    <!--  让springmvc不处理静态资源 .css .js  .gtml  .mp3  .mp4  -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--    开启注解-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--    视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--        前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--        后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

注意spring.xml文件要与web.xml文件关联起来 ，init标签里面的classpath：

5.编写一个测试类

package com.zjy.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/c1")
public class HelloController {


    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model) {
        //封装数据
        model.addAttribute("msg", "hello,SpringMVC");
        return "hello";//会被视图解析器处理
    }
}

 @RequestMapping("")就相当于JavaWeb里面再web.xml文件里面配置Servlet标签。添加@Controller，可以让自动扫描扫描到。

return "hello",实际上是页面跳转到了/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp的页面，因为视图解析器里面设置了前缀和后缀，所以可以简写。

注意还有一个关键的操作，我之前没弄，结果页面跳转就404.

在structure里面，对应的module，WEB-INF里面建立lib文件夹，并手动导入包。如图所示：