UIPanGestureRecognizer使用小结

本文介绍如何利用UIPanGestureRecognizer类在iOS应用中实现视图的拖动功能,通过添加手势识别器并处理相关方法,使得视图在用户触摸屏幕上拖动时能够响应并移动相应的坐标。
UIPanGestureRecognizer是UIGestureRecognizer类的一个扩展类,其扩展类有UITapGestureRecognizer,UIPinchGestureRecognizer,UIRotationGestureRecognizer,UISwipeGestureRecognizer,UIPanGestureRecognizer,UILongPressGestureRecognizer。

借助这些类,可以实现UIView对象的一些操作如对象放大缩小,移动,旋转,滑动,轻击等。再也不用去重写UIView的touchBegin等方法来实现这些功能。

知识点:
UIGestureRecognizer是一个定义基本手势的抽象类,具体什么手势,在以下子类中包含:
    1、拍击UITapGestureRecognizer (任意次数的拍击)  
    2、向里或向外捏UIPinchGestureRecognizer (用于缩放)  
    3、摇动或者拖拽UIPanGestureRecognizer (拖动)
    4、擦碰UISwipeGestureRecognizer (以任意方向)  
    5、旋转UIRotationGestureRecognizer (手指朝相反方向移动)  
    6、长按UILongPressGestureRecognizer (长按)

这些操作的目的都是用来修改UIView对象的frame,center,bounds属性,还有一个Transform属性。

我写了一个例子,在UIView和UITableView上分别添加UIPanGestureRecognizer,实现两个对象在手指按住对象于屏幕中拖动的效果。

声明一个UIPanGestureRecognizer对象,添加到UIView对象上去。UIView类有这样的方法用来动态添加和删除UIPanGestureRecognizer对象。

UIPanGestureRecognizer *panRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePan:)];
[testPanView addGestureRecognizer:panRecognizer];

UIView管理手势识别器的方法有:
– addGestureRecognizer:
– removeGestureRecognizer:
  gestureRecognizers  property
– gestureRecognizerShouldBegin:


我在viewDidAppear:方法中,动态添加视图和手势识别器。然后,实现识别器需要操作的两个方法,用来移动视图对象。
在这两个方法中最终的方法是这个 CGPoint translatedPoint = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];

每一次拖动操作状态,都会获取到translatedPoint,从开始到结束。它是一个绝对值,可以看着在”self.view“对应的坐标体系中,拖动的视图对象center的移动开始和结束的点差。
最简单的处理过程是这样:
    CGPoint translatedPoint = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
    CGFloat x = recognizer.view.center.x + translatedPoint.x;
    CGFloat y = recognizer.view.center.y + translatedPoint.y;
    recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(x, y);
    [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointMake(0, 0) inView:self.view];

首先获取到移动点的值,然后算一下视图的center值,相加一下,就得到在self.view坐标体系中,视图该移动到那个center上,一次结束就清零一次。
因为拖动操作持续进行,所以,这个过程会持续执行。

稍微复杂点的处理过程,会捕获到拖动开始,移动,结束等几个状态下的translatedPoint的值。然后做一下逻辑处理,如视图不能溢出self.view的坐标系中,如在结束时会根据方向自动滑动到某个位置。可以在handlePan2:方法中找到这些逻辑的实现代码。

   
- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    NSLog(@" viewDidAppear is at %@.", [NSDate date]);

    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"5.jpg"];

    testPanView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(18, 11, 100, 100)];

    UIImageView *imageview = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:[testPanView frame]];
    [imageview setImage:image];
    [testPanView addSubview:imageview];

    UIPanGestureRecognizer *panRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePan:)];
    [panRecognizer setMinimumNumberOfTouches:1];
    [panRecognizer setMaximumNumberOfTouches:1];
    [panRecognizer setDelegate:self];
    [testPanView addGestureRecognizer:panRecognizer];

    [self.view addSubview:testPanView];

    testPanTableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(118, 121, 100, 100) style:UITableViewStylePlain];

    UIPanGestureRecognizer *panRecognizer2 = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePan2:)];
    [panRecognizer2 setMinimumNumberOfTouches:1];
    [panRecognizer2 setMaximumNumberOfTouches:1];
    [panRecognizer2 setDelegate:self];
    [testPanTableView addGestureRecognizer:panRecognizer2];

    [self.view addSubview:testPanTableView];
}

- (void)handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
    CGPoint translatedPoint = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
    NSLog(@"gesture translatedPoint  is %@", NSStringFromCGPoint(translatedPoint));
    CGFloat x = recognizer.view.center.x + translatedPoint.x;
    CGFloat y = recognizer.view.center.y + translatedPoint.y;

    recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(x, y);

    NSLog(@"pan gesture testPanView moving  is %@,%@", NSStringFromCGPoint(recognizer.view.center), NSStringFromCGRect(recognizer.view.frame));

    [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointMake(0, 0) inView:self.view];
}



- (void)handlePan2:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
    // NSLog(@"gesture translatedPoint  xxoo xxoo");
    CGPoint translatedPoint = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];

    if ([(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer state] == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan) {
        firstX = recognizer.view.center.x;
        firstY = recognizer.view.center.y;
        NSLog(@"self.view bounds is %@", NSStringFromCGRect(self.view.bounds));
        NSLog(@"pan gesture testPanView begin  is %@,%@", NSStringFromCGPoint([recognizer view].center), NSStringFromCGRect([recognizer view].frame));
    }

    if ([(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer state] == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) {
        CGFloat x = firstX + translatedPoint.x;
        CGFloat y = firstX + translatedPoint.y;

        if (x < recognizer.view.width / 2.0) {
            x = recognizer.view.width / 2.0;
        } else if (x + recognizer.view.width / 2.0 > self.view.width) {
            x = self.view.width - recognizer.view.width / 2.0;
        }

        if (y < recognizer.view.height / 2.0) {
            y = recognizer.view.height / 2.0;
        } else if (y + recognizer.view.height / 2.0 > self.view.height) {
            y = self.view.height - recognizer.view.height / 2.0;
        }

        NSLog(@"gesture translatedPoint moving  is %@", NSStringFromCGPoint(translatedPoint));

        recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(x, y);
    }

    if (([(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer state] == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) || ([(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer state] == UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled)) {
        CGFloat x = recognizer.view.center.x;
        CGFloat y = recognizer.view.center.y;

        if (x > firstX) {
            x = self.view.width - recognizer.view.width / 2.0;
        } else {
            x = recognizer.view.width / 2.0;
        }

        if (y > firstY) {
            y = self.view.height - recognizer.view.height / 2.0;
        } else {
            y = recognizer.view.height / 2.0;
        }

        CGFloat velocityX = (0.2 *[recognizer velocityInView:self.view].x);

        [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];

        [UIView setAnimationDuration:ABS(velocityX * 0.00002 + 0.2)];

        [UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseOut];

        recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(x, y);

        [UIView commitAnimations];

        NSLog(@"gesture translatedPoint  end is %@", NSStringFromCGPoint(translatedPoint));

        NSLog(@"pan gesture testPanView end  is %@,%@", NSStringFromCGPoint([recognizer view].center), NSStringFromCGRect([recognizer view].frame));
    }
}

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