What‘s meant by Lane in Ethernet connection speed?

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原文链接：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50150704/whats-meant-by-lane-in-ethernet-connection-speed

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以太网中的 Lane 指的是数据传输的通道。例如，1000BASE-T 使用四条双向 Lane，每条 Lane 实际上传输 250Mbit/s 的数据。在铜缆中，每条 Lane 由一对双绞线表示，光纤中则可能是单独的光纤对、波分复用或两者的组合。Lane 的数量在某些 PHY（物理层）中是固定的，如 40GBASE-R 可分为 4 个 10GBASE-R。Lane 的数量直接影响网络的速度和带宽。

Question

In Ethernet terminology, I hit the word Lane, this speed is 4 Lanes or 2 lanes ?

I searched google, but I didn't get any useful results ? Can any one explain what's a lane, its width and its relation to speeds ?

Answer:

Some Ethernet flavors use multiple lanes within a link. E.g. 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX use one dedicated lane (one twisted pair) in each direction while 1000BASE-T and 2.5/5/10/25/40GBASE-T use four lanes bidirectionally.

Each lane transports its fraction of the total data rate - for 1000BASE-T, each lane/pair effectively transports 250 Mbit/s. Due to PHY encoding, this doesn't match the physical signal rate (e.g. 125 MBd for 1000BASE-T).

For copper cables, each lane is represented by a twisted pair. With fiber cables, a lane can be a separate fiber pair, a wavelength (WDM), or a combination of both.

Usually, the number of lanes is fixed for a given PHY but some PHYs can be split very commonly, e.g. 40GBASE-R into 4x 10GBASE-R.

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