几乎全是代码,概念配合代码,可以多打几遍熟练
目录
1.链表分类
- 单向链表
- 双向链表
- 循环链表

2.单向链表
- 单向链表又分有头链表和无头链表
- 有头链表(又称带头节点的链表)是在链表的第一个元素之前增加一个特殊的"头节点",这个节点不存储实际数据,只作为链表的入口
- 无头链表是指链表的第一个节点就是实际存储数据的节点,没有额外的头节点
- 由于无头链表要用到大量二级指针,过于麻烦,有头链表更为常用
- 多文件编程makefile
makefile
mu:=main
lai+=lian.c
lai+=main.c
$(mu):$(lai)
gcc $^ -g -o $@
.PHONY:
clean:
rm $(mu)
//查看是否有内存泄漏
cha:
valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full ./$(mu)
下为单向链表的创建,插入值(头插),打印,删除值,寻找值,修改值,插入值(尾插),销毁链表,查找中间节点,查找倒数第n个,倒置链表,冒泡排序,选择排序,lian.c文件
#include"lian.h"
Node_t *chuanglian(void)
{
Node_t *pnewnode = NULL;
pnewnode = malloc(sizeof(Node_t));
if(NULL == pnewnode)
{
perror("失败");
return NULL;
}
pnewnode->pnext = NULL;
return pnewnode;
}
int chalian(Node_t *ptou,datatype data)
{
Node_t *pnewnode = NULL;
pnewnode = malloc(sizeof(Node_t));
if(NULL == pnewnode)
{
perror("失败");
return -1;
}
pnewnode->data = data;
pnewnode->pnext = ptou->pnext;
ptou->pnext = pnewnode;
return 0;
}
void showlian(Node_t *ptou)
{
Node_t * pzhong = NULL;
pzhong = ptou->pnext;
while(pzhong != NULL)
{
printf("%d ",pzhong->data);
pzhong = pzhong->pnext;
}
putchar('\n');
}
int shanlian(Node_t *ptou,datatype a)
{
int cnt = 0;
Node_t *pqian = NULL;
Node_t *phou = NULL;
pqian = ptou->pnext;
phou = ptou;
while(pqian != NULL)
{
if(pqian->data == a)
{
phou->pnext = pqian->pnext;
free(pqian);
pqian = phou->pnext;
cnt++;
}
else
{
pqian = pqian->pnext;
phou = phou->pnext;
}
}
return cnt;
}
Node_t * zhaolian(Node_t *ptou,datatype a)
{
Node_t *pzhong = NULL;
Node_t *pfu = NULL;
pzhong = ptou->pnext;
while(pzhong != NULL)
{
if(a == pzhong->data)
{
pfu = pzhong;
return pfu;
}
pzhong = pzhong->pnext;
}
return NULL;
}
int gailian(Node_t *ptou,datatype jiu,datatype xin)
{
int cnt = 0;
Node_t *pzhong = NULL;
pzhong = ptou->pnext;
while(pzhong != NULL)
{
if(pzhong->data==jiu)
{
pzhong->data = xin;
cnt++;
}
pzhong = pzhong->pnext;
}
return cnt;
}
int weichalian(Node_t *ptou,datatype data)
{
Node_t *pnewnode = NULL;
//如果Node_t *pzhong = ptou;当只有一个头时,会出现段错误,NULL
Node_t *pzhong = ptou;
pnewnode = malloc(sizeof(Node_t));
if(NULL == pnewnode)
{
perror("失败");
return -1;
}
pnewnode->data = data;
while(pzhong->pnext != NULL)
{
pzhong=pzhong->pnext;
}
//此时,pzhong->pnext == NULL
pnewnode->pnext = NULL;//pnewnode->pnext = pzhong->pnext;
pzhong->pnext = pnewnode;
return 0;
}
void hui(Node_t **pptou)
{
Node_t *pqian = NULL;
Node_t *phou = NULL;
pqian = *pptou;
phou = *pptou;
while(pqian != NULL)
{
pqian = pqian->pnext;
free(phou);
phou = pqian;
}
*pptou = NULL;
}
Node_t *zhaozhlian(Node_t *ptou)
{
Node_t *pkuai = NULL;
Node_t *pman = NULL;
pkuai = pman = ptou->pnext;
while(pkuai != NULL)
{
pkuai = pkuai->pnext;
if(pkuai == NULL)
{
return pman;
}
pkuai = pkuai->pnext;
pman = pman->pnext;
}
return pman;
}
Node_t *zhaoalian(Node_t *ptou,int a)
{
Node_t *pkuai = NULL;
Node_t *pman = NULL;
pkuai = pman = ptou->pnext;
int x = 0;
for(x = 0;x<a && pkuai!=NULL;x++)
{
pkuai = pkuai->pnext;
}
while(pkuai != NULL)
{
pkuai = pkuai->pnext;
pman = pman->pnext;
}
return pman;
}
void daozhilian(Node_t *ptou)
{
Node_t *pqian = NULL;
Node_t *phou = NULL;
pqian = phou = ptou->pnext;
ptou->pnext = NULL;
while(pqian != NULL)
{
pqian = pqian->pnext;
phou->pnext = ptou->pnext;
ptou->pnext = phou;
phou = pqian;
}
}
int maopaolian(Node_t *ptou)
{
Node_t *pqian = NULL;
Node_t *phou = NULL;
Node_t *pend = NULL;
datatype zhong;
if(ptou->pnext==NULL || ptou->pnext->pnext==NULL )
return 0;
while(1)
{
pqian = ptou->pnext->pnext;
phou = ptou->pnext;
if(pend == pqian)
break;
while(pqian != pend)
{
if(pqian->data < phou->data)
{
zhong = phou->data;
phou->data = pqian->data;
pqian->data = zhong;
}
pqian = pqian->pnext;
phou = phou->pnext;
}
pend = phou;
}
return 0;
}
int xuanzelian(Node_t *ptou)
{
Node_t *pqian = NULL;
Node_t *phou = NULL;
Node_t *pmax = NULL;
datatype zhong;
if(ptou->pnext==NULL || ptou->pnext->pnext==NULL )
return 0;
phou = ptou->pnext;
while(phou->pnext != NULL)
{
pqian = phou->pnext;
pmax = phou;
while(pqian != NULL)
{
if(pmax->data < pqian->data)
pmax = pqian;
pqian = pqian->pnext;
}
if(pmax->data != phou->data)
{
zhong = phou->data;
phou->data = pmax->data;
pmax->data = zhong;
}
phou = phou->pnext;
}
return 0;
}
main.c文件
#include"lian.h"
int main()
{
Node_t *plian = NULL;
plian = chuanglian();
Node_t *pliana = chuanglian();
chalian(plian,1);
chalian(plian,2);
chalian(plian,3);
chalian(plian,3);
chalian(plian,4);
chalian(plian,2);
chalian(plian,5);
printf("头插:1、2、3、3、4、2、5\n");
showlian(plian);
int a=shanlian(plian,3);
printf("删了%d个3\n",a);
showlian(plian);
Node_t *fu = zhaolian(plian,4);
printf("找4:%p %d \n",fu,fu->data);
int b=gailian(plian,2,9);
printf("9换2:");
showlian(plian);
weichalian(plian,0);
weichalian(plian,1);
weichalian(plian,2);
weichalian(plian,3);
weichalian(plian,4);
weichalian(plian,5);
printf("尾插:0、1、2、3、4、5\n");
showlian(plian);
maopaolian(plian);
printf("lian冒泡排序:");
showlian(plian);
xuanzelian(plian);
printf("lian选择排序:");
showlian(plian);
weichalian(pliana,0);
weichalian(pliana,1);
weichalian(pliana,2);
weichalian(pliana,3);
weichalian(pliana,4);
weichalian(pliana,5);
printf("尾插:0、1、2、3、4、5\n");
showlian(pliana);
daozhilian(pliana);
printf("倒置:");
showlian(pliana);
fu = zhaozhlian(pliana);
printf("pliana中间:%d\n",fu->data);
fu = zhaoalian(pliana,2);
printf("pliana倒数第二个值:%d\n",fu->data);
hui(&plian);
printf("lian = %p\n",plian);
hui(&pliana);
printf("liana = %p\n",pliana);
return 0;
}
lian.h文件
#ifndef __LINKLIST_H__
#define __LINKLIST_H__
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef int datatype;
typedef struct node
{
datatype data;
struct node *pnext;
}Node_t;
//创建链表
extern Node_t *chuanglian(void);
//插入值(头插)
extern int chalian(Node_t *ptou,datatype data);
//打印链表
extern void showlian(Node_t *ptou);
//删除值
extern int shanlian(Node_t *ptou,datatype a);
//查找值
extern Node_t *zhaolian(Node_t *ptou,datatype a);
//修改值
extern int gailian(Node_t *ptou,datatype jiu,datatype xin);
//插入值(尾插)
extern int weichalian(Node_t *ptou,datatype data);
//销毁链表
extern void hui(Node_t **pptou);
//找中间值
extern Node_t *zhaozhlian(Node_t *ptou);
//找倒数第a个值
extern Node_t *zhaoalian(Node_t *ptou,int a);
//倒置链表
extern void daozhilian(Node_t *ptou);
//冒泡排序
extern int maopaolian(Node_t *ptou);
//选择排序
extern int xuanzelian(Node_t *ptou);
#endif
3.双向链表
下为双向链表的创建,插入值(头插),插入值(尾插),打印,删除值,寻找值,修改值,销毁链表,lian.c文件
#include"lian.h"
lian *chuanglian(void)
{
lian *ptou = malloc(sizeof(lian));
if(ptou == NULL)
{
perror("失败");
return NULL;
}
ptou->zhens = NULL;
ptou->zhenx = NULL;
return ptou;
}
int chalian(lian *ptou,type a)
{
lian *pnew = malloc(sizeof(lian));
if(pnew == NULL)
{
perror("失败");
return -1;
}
pnew->zhi = a;
if(ptou->zhenx != NULL)
ptou->zhenx->zhens = pnew;
pnew->zhenx = ptou->zhenx;
pnew->zhens = ptou;
ptou->zhenx = pnew;
return 0;
}
int weilian(lian *ptou,type a)
{
lian *pnew = malloc(sizeof(lian));
lian *pzh = ptou;
if(pnew == NULL)
{
perror("失败");
return -1;
}
while(pzh->zhenx != NULL)
{
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
}
pnew->zhi = a;
pnew->zhenx = NULL;
pzh->zhenx = pnew;
pnew->zhens = pzh;
return 0;
}
int showlian(lian *ptou)
{
lian *pzh = ptou->zhenx;
while(pzh != NULL)
{
printf("%d ",pzh->zhi);
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
}putchar('\n');
return 0;
}
int shanlian(lian *ptou,type a)
{
lian *pzh = ptou->zhenx;
lian *pfree = NULL;
int cnt = 0;
while(pzh != NULL)
{
if(a == pzh->zhi)
{
pzh->zhens->zhenx = pzh->zhenx;
if(pzh->zhenx != NULL)
pzh->zhenx->zhens = pzh->zhens;
pfree = pzh;
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
free(pfree);
pfree = NULL;
cnt++;
}
else
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
}
return cnt;
}
void gailian(lian *ptou,type xin,type jiu)
{
lian *pzh = ptou->zhenx;
while(pzh != NULL)
{
if(pzh->zhi == jiu)
pzh->zhi = xin;
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
}
}
lian *zhaolian(lian *ptou,type a)
{
lian *pzh = ptou->zhenx;
while(pzh != NULL)
{
if(pzh->zhi == a)
return pzh;
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
}
return NULL;
}
int huilian(lian **pptou)
{
lian *pqian = *pptou;
lian *phou = *pptou;
while(pqian != NULL)
{
pqian = pqian->zhenx;
free(phou);
phou = pqian;
}
*pptou = NULL;
return 0;
}
main.c
#include"lian.h"
int main(void)
{
lian *nian = chuanglian();
lian *year = chuanglian();
int a = 0;
chalian(nian,1);
chalian(nian,3);
chalian(nian,0);
chalian(nian,0);
chalian(nian,5);
chalian(nian,7);
chalian(nian,9);
chalian(nian,2);
chalian(nian,0);
chalian(nian,4);
chalian(nian,6);
printf("nain头插:1 3 0 0 5 7 9 2 0 4 6\n");
showlian(nian);
weilian(year,0);
weilian(year,1);
weilian(year,2);
weilian(year,3);
weilian(year,4);
weilian(year,5);
printf("year尾插:0 1 2 3 4 5\n");
showlian(year);
a = shanlian(nian,0);
printf("nian删了%d个0\n",a);
showlian(nian);
gailian(nian,0,2);
printf("nian2改0:");
showlian(nian);
lian *niana = zhaolian(nian,9);
printf("nian找9:%d %p\n",niana->zhi,niana);
printf("nian未销毁:%p\n",nian);
printf("year未销毁:%p\n",year);
huilian(&nian);
huilian(&year);
printf("nian销毁:%p\n",nian);
printf("year销毁:%p\n",year);
return 0;
}
lian.h
#ifndef __LIAN_H__
#define __LIAN_H__
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef int type;
typedef struct lian
{
struct lian *zhens;
type zhi;
struct lian *zhenx;
}lian;
//创建双向链表
extern lian *chuanglian(void);
//头插法
extern int chalian(lian*ptou,type a);
//尾插法
extern int weilian(lian*ptou,type a);
//打印双向链表
extern int showlian(lian *ptou);
//删除某值
extern int shanlian(lian *ptou,type a);
//改变某值
extern void gailian(lian *ptou,type xin,type jiu);
//寻找某值
extern lian *zhaolian(lian *ptou,type a);
//销毁双向链表
extern int huilian(lian **pptou);
#endif
4.循环链表
下为循环链表的创建,插入值(头插),插入值(尾插),打印,删除值,销毁链表,lian.c文件
#include"lian.h"
xun *chuanglian(void)
{
xun *ptou = malloc(sizeof(xun));
if(ptou == NULL)
{
perror("失败");
return NULL;
}
ptou->zhens = ptou;
ptou->zhenx = ptou;
return ptou;
}
int chalian(xun *ptou,type a)
{
xun *pnew = malloc(sizeof(xun));
if(pnew == NULL)
{
perror("失败");
return -1;
}
pnew->zhi = a;
pnew->zhenx = ptou->zhenx;
ptou->zhenx = pnew;
pnew->zhenx->zhens = pnew;
pnew->zhens = ptou;
return 0;
}
int weilian(xun *ptou,type a)
{
xun *pnew = malloc(sizeof(xun));
if(pnew == NULL)
{
perror("失败");
return -1;
}
pnew->zhi = a;
pnew->zhenx = ptou;
pnew->zhens = ptou->zhens;
ptou->zhens = pnew;
pnew->zhens->zhenx = pnew;
return 0;
}
int showlian(xun *ptou)
{
xun *pzh = ptou->zhenx;
while(pzh != ptou)
{
printf("%d ",pzh->zhi);
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
}putchar('\n');
return 0;
}
int Deletecycle(xun *pHead,type a)
{
xun *pzh = NULL;
xun *pFreeNode = NULL;
pzh = pFreeNode = pHead->zhenx;
while(pzh != pHead)
{
if(a == pzh->zhi)
{
pzh->zhens->zhenx = pzh->zhenx;
pzh->zhenx->zhens = pzh->zhens;
pFreeNode = pzh;
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
free(pFreeNode);
pFreeNode = NULL;
}
else
pzh = pzh->zhenx;
}
return 0;
}
int Destorycycle(xun **ppHead)
{
xun *pTmpNode = NULL;
xun *pFreeNode = NULL;
pTmpNode = pFreeNode = (*ppHead)->zhenx;
while(pTmpNode != *ppHead)
{
pFreeNode = pTmpNode;
pTmpNode = pTmpNode->zhenx;
free(pFreeNode);
pFreeNode = NULL;
}
free(*ppHead);
*ppHead = NULL;
return 0;
}
main.c
#include"lian.h"
int main(void)
{
xun *year = chuanglian();
xun *sui = chuanglian();
chalian(year,1);
chalian(year,0);
chalian(year,0);
chalian(year,3);
chalian(year,5);
chalian(year,7);
chalian(year,9);
chalian(year,0);
weilian(sui,2);
weilian(sui,4);
weilian(sui,6);
weilian(sui,8);
weilian(sui,10);
showlian(year);
showlian(sui);
Deletecycle(year,0);
showlian(year);
printf("year:%p\n",year);
printf("sui:%p\n",sui);
Destorycycle(&year);
Destorycycle(&sui);
printf("year:%p\n",year);
printf("sui:%p\n",sui);
return 0;
}
lian.h
#ifndef __CIRLIST_H__
#define __CIRLIST_H__
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef int type;
typedef struct xun
{
type zhi;
struct xun *zhens;
struct xun *zhenx;
}xun;
//创建双向循环链表
extern xun *chuanglian(void);
//头插法
extern int chalian(xun *ptou,type a);
//尾插法
extern int weilian(xun *ptou,type a);
//打印链表
extern int showlian(xun *ptou);
//删除值
extern int Deletecycle(xun *pHead,type a);
//销毁链表
extern int Destorycycle(xun **pHead);
#endif
5.数组和链表的区别
- 数组空间是连续的
- 链表空间可以是不连续的
- 数组必须元素有限
- 链表元素是没有上限的
- 数组插入和删除效率比较低
- 链表的插入和删除效率比较高
- 数组访问元素比较方便
- 链表访问元素不太方便

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