OpenCV从Mat中提取某些行或列

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本文介绍了如何使用OpenCV的Mat::rowRange和Mat::colRange方法高效地获取矩阵中特定行或列的指针。这两个操作为O(1)复杂度，为了不改变原矩阵，建议通过clone()函数复制数据创建新矩阵。示例展示了从一个3x3矩阵中提取行和列的结果。

Mat的rowRange和colRange可以获取某些范围内行或列的指针：

Mat::rowRange

Creates a matrix header for the specified row span.

C++: Mat Mat:: rowRange (int startrow, int endrow ) const

C++: Mat Mat:: rowRange (const Range& r ) const

Parameters:	startrow – An inclusive 0-based start index of the row span. endrow – An exclusive 0-based ending index of the row span. r – `Range` structure containing both the start and the end indices.

The method makes a new header for the specified row span of the matrix. Similarly to Mat::row() and Mat::col() , this is an O(1) operation.

Mat::colRange

Creates a matrix header for the specified column span.

C++: Mat Mat:: colRange (int startcol, int endcol ) const

C++: Mat Mat:: colRange (const Range& r ) const

Parameters:	startcol – An inclusive 0-based start index of the column span. endcol – An exclusive 0-based ending index of the column span. r – `Range` structure containing both the start and the end indices.

The method makes a new header for the specified column span of the matrix. Similarly to Mat::row() and Mat::col() , this is an O(1) operation.

由于这两个函数返回的是指向原矩阵内部位置的指针，所以最好再利用clone()函数进行数据拷贝创建新的矩阵，代码如下：

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main(){
	 Mat C = (Mat_<double>(3,3) << 0, -1, 0, -1, 5, -1, 0, -1, 0);
	 cout << "Total matrix:" << endl;
	 cout << C << endl;

	 Mat row = C.rowRange(1,3).clone();
	 cout << "Row range:" << endl;
	 cout << row << endl;
	
	 Mat col = C.colRange(1,3).clone();
	 cout << "Col range:" << endl;
	 cout << col << endl;
}

结果如下：

Total matrix
[0, -1, 0;
-1, 5, -1;
0, -1, 0]
Row range:
[-1, 5, -1;
0, -1, 0]
Col range:
[-1, 0;
5, -1;
-1, 0]