Linux内核中mktime()函数算法分析

本文详细分析了Linux内核中mktime()函数的算法,该函数将CMOS中的日期时间转换为自1970年以来的秒数。通过将时间轴后移2个月来简化闰年的计算,利用特定公式计算年、月、日到天数的转换,并通过查找修正系数确定f(mon)的函数关系。内核中采用7/12作为修正系数,实现了日期到秒数的精确转换。
 

内核中的mktime()函数位于kernel/time.c内

该函数主要用于内核启动时,将CMOS中的 年-月-日 时:分:秒 信息转换为距离1970-01-01 00:00:00的秒数

 

具体定义如下:

 

unsigned long
mktime(const unsigned int year0, const unsigned int mon0,
       const unsigned int day, const unsigned int hour,
       const unsigned int min, const unsigned int sec)
{
	unsigned int mon = mon0, year = year0;

	/* 1..12 -> 11,12,1..10 */
	if (0 >= (int) (mon -= 2)) {
		mon += 12;	/* Puts Feb last since it has leap day */
		year -= 1;
	}

	return ((((unsigned long)
		  (year/4 - year/100 + year/400 + 367*mon/12 + day) +
		  year*365 - 719499
	    )*24 + hour /* now have hours */
	  )*60 + min /* now have minutes */
	)*60 + sec; /* finally seconds */
}

 

注意到计算的结果为相对时间

具体的计算方法也进行了两次相对运算

1、将时间轴整体后移2个月,以方便闰年的计算

原来相对1970-01-01 00:00:00,变成了相对1969-11-01 00:00:00

被计算的参数时间数值上也相对移位减小

但是这并不影响原来的相对差值

2、时间基准点为1-1-1 00:00:00(移位2个月后的)

即分别计算参数时间与基准点的秒数A

和1969-11-01 00:00:00与基准点的秒数B

然后A - B即最终结果

 

因为 天 时:分:秒 的相对基准固定

故算法中主要关心年份和月份到天数的转换

 

先考虑通用的 年-月-日 转天数的计算方法

例如:计算year-mon-day距离公元1-1-1的天数

公式可以表示为:(year - 1) * 365 + f(mon) + (day - 1) + leap_days

f(mon)表示关于mon的一个函数关系

static __time64_t __cdecl _make__time64_t ( struct tm *tb, int ultflag ) { __time64_t tmptm1, tmptm2, tmptm3; struct tm tbtemp; long dstbias = 0; long timezone = 0; _VALIDATE_RETURN( ( tb != NULL ), EINVAL, ( ( __time64_t )( -1 ) ) ) /* * First, make sure tm_year is reasonably close to being in range. */ if ( ((tmptm1 = tb->tm_year) _MAX_YEAR64 + 1) ) goto err_mktime; /* * Adjust month value so it is in the range 0 - 11. This is because * we don't know how many days are in months 12, 13, 14, etc. */ if ( (tb->tm_mon tm_mon > 11) ) { tmptm1 += (tb->tm_mon / 12); if ( (tb->tm_mon %= 12) tm_mon += 12; tmptm1--; } /* * Make sure year count is still in range. */ if ( (tmptm1 _MAX_YEAR64 + 1) ) goto err_mktime; } /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed years *****/ /* * Calculate days elapsed minus one, in the given year, to the given * month. Check for leap year and adjust if necessary. */ tmptm2 = _days[tb->tm_mon]; if ( _IS_LEAP_YEAR(tmptm1) && (tb->tm_mon > 1) ) tmptm2++; /* * Calculate elapsed days since base date (midnight, 1/1/70, UTC) * * * 365 days for each elapsed year since 1970, plus one more day for * each elapsed leap year. no danger of overflow because of the range * check (above) on tmptm1. */ tmptm3 = (tmptm1 - _BASE_YEAR) * 365 + _ELAPSED_LEAP_YEARS(tmptm1); /* * elapsed days to current month (still no possible overflow) */ tmptm3 += tmptm2; /* * elapsed days to current date. */ tmptm1 = tmptm3 + (tmptm2 = (__time64_t)(tb->tm_mday)); /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed days *****/ /* * Calculate elapsed hours since base date */ tmptm2 = tmptm1 * 24; tmptm1 = tmptm2 + (tmptm3 = (__time64_t)tb->tm_hour); /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed hours *****/ /* * Calculate elapsed minutes since base date */ tmptm2 = tmptm1 * 60; tmptm1 = tmptm2 + (tmptm3 = (__time64_t)tb->tm_min); /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed minutes *****/ /* * Calculate elapsed seconds since base date */ tmptm2 = tmptm1 * 60; tmptm1 = tmptm2 + (tmptm3 = (__time64_t)tb->tm_sec); /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed seconds *****/ if ( ultflag ) { /* * Adjust for timezone. No need to check for overflow since * localtime() will check its arg value */ __tzset(); _ERRCHECK(_get_dstbias(&dstbias;)); _ERRCHECK(_get_timezone(&timezone;)); tmptm1 += timezone; /* * Convert this second count back into a time block structure. * If localtime returns NULL, return an error. */ if ( _localtime64_s(&tbtemp;, &tmptm1;) != 0 ) goto err_mktime; /* * Now must compensate for DST. The ANSI rules are to use the * passed-in tm_isdst flag if it is non-negative. Otherwise, * compute if DST applies. Recall that tbtemp has the time without * DST compensation, but has set tm_isdst correctly. */ if ( (tb->tm_isdst > 0) || ((tb->tm_isdst 0)) ) { tmptm1 += dstbias; if ( _localtime64_s(&tbtemp;, &tmptm1;) != 0 ) goto err_mktime; } } else { if ( _gmtime64_s(&tbtemp;, &tmptm1;) != 0) goto err_mktime; } /***** HERE: tmptm1 holds number of elapsed seconds, adjusted *****/ /***** for local time if requested *****/ *tb = tbtemp; return tmptm1; err_mktime: /* * All errors come to here */ errno = EINVAL; return (__time64_t)(-1); }
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