Android Activity中嵌套多个Fragment的使用

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#android #fragment #fragmentTransaction #fragmentManager #Activity

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本文详细介绍了如何在Android Activity中嵌套和管理多个Fragment，包括在XML中或代码中创建Fragment，重写Fragment的onCreate()和onCreateView()方法，以及使用fragmentManager和fragmentTransaction进行添加、移除和替换操作。通过示例展示了Fragment在Activity中的布局和交互，如按钮点击切换Fragment，以及菜单和titleBar作为Fragment的应用。

Fragment英文翻译为碎片，可以在一个Activity中可以嵌套多个Fragment，相当于多个页面。但是它们都在同一个Activity中，fragment的生命周期和Activity类似，如果当前Activity没有注销（onDestory）其中的众多的fragment也不会被销毁。

1.可以在XML中编写，也可以在代码中编写，写一个类继承android.support.v4.app.Fragment，记住：是V4包中的Fragment.（考虑到版本的兼容性问题:fragment是Android3.0才引入的）
2.重写父类Fragment的onCreate()，和onCreateView（）方法，onCreateView方法会返回一个VIew,这个View将被填充到Activity的界面中。所以一般我们重点就是把onCreateView()覆写好。</span>
3.在Acticvty中产生一个fragment的实例，调用fragmentManager 和 fragmentTransaction;实现fragment的添加，移除，替换（add，remove,replace),记住，当这些事务写完以后要Commit(),保证事务被提交，这样才会生效。

</pre><pre code_snippet_id="423037" snippet_file_name="blog_20140709_6_921150" name="code" class="java">

下面是一个DEMO：
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;


/**
   Fragment的生命周期:
 * 第一次启动该fragment:   onCreate --> onCreateView -->onStart --> onResume
 *  变得不处于前台的时候：onPause  -->onDestroyView
 *  重新回到前台时候：OnCreateView -->onStart --> onResume
 * @author yesong
 *
 */
public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {

	private Button mStartButton;

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		Log.i("yesongyesong", "ContentFragment : onCreate ");
	}	
	
	
	

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
			Bundle savedInstanceState) {

		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.content_fragment_layout, null);
		mStartButton = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.start_button);
		mStartButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				MainActivity activity = (MainActivity) getActivity();
				activity.enterContentFrament01(mStartButton.getText().toString());

			}
		});

		return view;
	}

}

第二个fragment

package cn.mmb.fragment.product;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import cn.mmb.fragment.MainActivity;
import cn.mmb.fragment.R;
import cn.mmb.fragment.inter.ViewClickListener;

@SuppressLint("ValidFragment")
public class Content01_Fragment extends Fragment {

	private Button mStartButton;

	/*
	 * private ViewClickListener viewClickListener; public
	 * Content01_Fragment(ViewClickListener clickListener){
	 * this.viewClickListener = clickListener; }
	 */

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	}
	}

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
			Bundle savedInstanceState) {

		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.content_01_fragment_layout, null);
		mStartButton = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.content01_button);
		mStartButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				MainActivity activity = (MainActivity) getActivity();
				activity.enterContentFrament02(mStartButton.getText().toString());
			}
		});

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">		return view;</span>

	}

}

第三个fragment

package cn.mmb.fragment.product;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import cn.mmb.fragment.MainActivity;
import cn.mmb.fragment.R;
import cn.mmb.fragment.inter.ViewClickListener;

@SuppressLint("ValidFragment")
public class Content02_Fragment extends Fragment {

	private Button mStartButton;

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	}

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
			Bundle savedInstanceState) {

		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.content_02_fragment_layout, null);
		mStartButton = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.no_more_button);
		mStartButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				

			}
		});
		
		return view;
	}

}

Activity使用我们已经写好的fragment

package cn.mmb.fragment;

import cn.mmb.fragment.product.ButtomFragment;
import cn.mmb.fragment.product.Content01_Fragment;
import cn.mmb.fragment.product.Content02_Fragment;
import cn.mmb.fragment.product.ContentFragment;
import cn.mmb.fragment.product.TitleBarFragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity/* implements ViewClickListener */{

	private TitleBarFragment mTitleBarFragment;
	private ContentFragment mContentFragment;
	private Content01_Fragment mContent01Fragment;
	private Content02_Fragment mContent02Fragment;
	private ButtomFragment mButtomFragment;
	//private FrameLayout mContentLayout;
	private LinearLayout mTitleBarLayout;
	private LinearLayout mButtomLayout;
	private FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction;
	private FragmentManager fragmentManager;
	/**
	 *  to remember  current fragment,
	 *  if mfragmentIndex == 0 that there is currently a  contentFragmemt
	 */
	private int mFragmentIndex = 0; 
	/**
	 *  to remember  last time title bar message
	 */
	private String mLastTitleMessage;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		mTitleBarLayout = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.titlebar_layout);
		//mContentLayout = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.content_layout);
		mButtomLayout = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.buttom_layout);
		mTitleBarLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);

		fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
		fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();

		mContentFragment = new ContentFragment();
		mButtomFragment = new ButtomFragment();

	    
		 fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content_layout, mContentFragment,null);
		 fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.buttom_layout, mButtomFragment,null);
		
		/*fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.content_layout, mContentFragment);
		fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.buttom_layout, mButtomFragment);*/
		fragmentTransaction.commit();

	}

	 /** 
	  * Before using a callback to control other fragment and some view,
	  * but now find  a better method : Fragment.this.getActivity();
	  */
	/* @Override 
	 public void buttonClick(View v, String msg) {  
	  switch (v.getId()) { 
	  case R.id.start_button: enterContentFrament01(msg);
	  break;
	  case R.id.content01_button: enterContentFrament02(msg); break;
	  default: break;
	   } 
	  }*/

	/**
	 * enter the  Third content fragment
	 * @param msg : the  titleBarMessage
	 */
	public void enterContentFrament02(String msg) {

		if (mTitleBarFragment != null) {
			mLastTitleMessage = mTitleBarFragment.getTitleMessage();
			mTitleBarFragment.setTitleMessage(msg);
		}
		if (mContent02Fragment == null) {
			mContent02Fragment = new Content02_Fragment();
		}
		fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
		
		fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.content_layout, mContent02Fragment);
		
		//fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content_layout, mContent02Fragment);
		fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
		fragmentTransaction.commit();
		mFragmentIndex++;

	}

	/**
	 * enter the  second content fragment
	 * @param msg : the  titleBarMessage
	 */
	public void enterContentFrament01(String msg) {

		if (mTitleBarFragment == null) {
			mTitleBarFragment = new TitleBarFragment(msg);
		}
		mLastTitleMessage = mTitleBarFragment.getTitleMessage();
		mTitleBarFragment.setTitleMessage(msg);  //set TitleBar message

		if (mContent01Fragment == null) {
			mContent01Fragment = new Content01_Fragment();
		}
		mTitleBarLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);   
		mButtomLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
		fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
		fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.titlebar_layout, mTitleBarFragment);
		fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.content_layout, mContent01Fragment);
		
		/*fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.titlebar_layout, mTitleBarFragment);
		fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.content_layout, mContent01Fragment);*/
		
		fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
		fragmentTransaction.commit();
		mFragmentIndex++;

	}

	@Override
	public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {

		if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) {
			mFragmentIndex--;
			if (mFragmentIndex == 0) { 
				mButtomLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
				mTitleBarLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
			}
		}
		if (mTitleBarFragment != null) {
			mTitleBarFragment.setTitleMessage(mLastTitleMessage);
		}
		return super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event);
	}

}

运行效果图：