Vscode + Java + Spring Boot开发环境配置

０．环境

• 操作系统：Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS

１．安装Vscode

在vscode官网下载Ubuntu版本的vscode，会得到一个.deb格式的文件，如code_1.55.2-1618307277_amd64.deb。
有UI的同学可以直接点击.deb文件安装，没有UI的同学可以参考这个StackExchange问题，在命令行使用如下命令：

sudo dpkg -i code_1.55.2-1618307277_amd64.deb

验证是否安装成功：

code -v

２．安装openjdk

检查是否已安装openjdk：

java -version

如果见到类似如下的输出，可以跳过此步骤：

openjdk version "11.0.11" 2021-04-20
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.11+9-Ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18.04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.11+9-Ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18.04, mixed mode, sharing)

如果没有安装java，可以使用如下命令安装：

sudo apt-get install openjdk-11-jdk

openjdk８以上的版本应该都是没问题的，不需要一定是11。

３．安装Vscode插件

打开vscode，使用命令Ctrl+Shift+X打开插件视图，并在搜索框中输入java，如下图所示：
点击安装Java Extension Pack插件，这是一个包含了多个java开发会用到的插件套装，如：

• Language Support for Java(TM) by Red Hat
• Debugger for Java
• Java Test Runner
• Maven for Java

搜索并安装Spring Boot插件套装Spring Boot Extension Pack：

４．创建Spring Boot项目

以下内容参考Sprint Boot官网教程。使用Spring Initializr Java Support插件创建Spring Boot项目，使用命令Ctrl+Shift+P，并输入spring initializr：
选择Spring Initializr: Create a Maven Project...
-> 选择Spring Boot版本，如2.4.5
-> 选择项目语言，如Java
-> 输入项目Group Id，如com.example
-> 输入Artifact Id，如demo
-> 选择打包类型，如Jar
-> 选择Java版本，如11
-> 选择依赖，如Spring Boot DevTools和Spring Web
-> 指定保存项目的路径

在完成上述步骤后，会在指定路径产生一个文件夹demo，用vscode打开后会得到下图所示的文件结构：

DemoApplication.java是整个web应用的入口。

５．运行Spring Boot项目

在src/main/java/com/example/demo/controllers文件夹中创建一个简单的controller类HelloController，该controller接受一个GET请求，并返回一个字符串"Greetings from Spring Boot!"：
在项目根目录下运行：

./mvnw spring-boot:run

会得到如下输出：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------------< com.example:demo >--------------------------
[INFO] Building demo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.4.5:run (default-cli) > test-compile @ demo >>>
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:resources (default-resources) @ demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered properties files.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ demo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /home/heromanba/Desktop/projects/demo/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:testResources (default-testResources) @ demo ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered properties files.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/heromanba/Desktop/projects/demo/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ demo ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /home/heromanba/Desktop/projects/demo/target/test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.4.5:run (default-cli) < test-compile @ demo <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.4.5:run (default-cli) @ demo ---
[INFO] Attaching agents: []

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.4.5)

2021-05-01 21:16:40.809  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Starting DemoApplication using Java 11.0.11 on heromanba-MS-7C31 with PID 23720 (/home/heromanba/Desktop/projects/demo/target/classes started by heromanba in /home/heromanba/Desktop/projects/demo)
2021-05-01 21:16:40.811  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-05-01 21:16:40.835  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] .e.DevToolsPropertyDefaultsPostProcessor : Devtools property defaults active! Set 'spring.devtools.add-properties' to 'false' to disable
2021-05-01 21:16:40.836  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] .e.DevToolsPropertyDefaultsPostProcessor : For additional web related logging consider setting the 'logging.level.web' property to 'DEBUG'
2021-05-01 21:16:41.236  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2021-05-01 21:16:41.241  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2021-05-01 21:16:41.241  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.45]
2021-05-01 21:16:41.267  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2021-05-01 21:16:41.267  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 431 ms
2021-05-01 21:16:41.368  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2021-05-01 21:16:41.432  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.b.d.a.OptionalLiveReloadServer       : LiveReload server is running on port 35729
2021-05-01 21:16:41.448  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2021-05-01 21:16:41.455  INFO 23720 --- [  restartedMain] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Started DemoApplication in 0.84 seconds (JVM running for 1.071)

使用curl验证web应用是否启动成功：

curl localhost:8080

会得到如下输出：

Greetings from Spring Boot!

Vscode + Java + Spring Boot开发环境配置成功，接下来会介绍如何使用已安装的插件套装来debug、写单元测试、重构代码、查看类继承结构等。

６．总结

• 虽然以上教程是基于Ubuntu操作系统，但是应该可以套用在Windows的WSL (WIndows Subsystem For Linux)环境中；
• 如果不想安装上述的插件套装，可以选择需要的插件单独安装；