本文深入解析了过滤器在Web开发中的应用，包括统一全站字符编码、禁止浏览器缓存动态页面以及实现用户自动登录的机制。详细介绍了如何通过配置过滤器解决中文字符编码问题，确保页面显示正确；如何设置HTTP响应头来禁止浏览器缓存，提升用户体验；以及通过过滤器实现用户登录后自动保存会话状态，简化登录流程。
Filter（过滤器）常见应用详解（附代码）
统一全站字符编码的过滤器
通过配置参数encoding指明使用何种字符编码,以处理Html Form请求参数的中文问题
为了灵活性把编码放到web.xml文件中
<filter>
<filter-name>CharseterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.hbsi.web.filter.CharseterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>charset</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
让所有的jsp和servlet通过过滤器
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharseterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharseterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
Java代码：
package com.hbsi.web.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
public class CharseterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
private FilterConfig config = null;//获取编码
private String defaultCharset = "UTF-8";//如果忘了配编码那么自几配个
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
String charset = config.getInitParameter("charset");//获取编码，取出编码，
//如果忘了配编码那么
if(charset==null){
charset = defaultCharset;
}
//响应
request.setCharacterEncoding(charset);
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+charset);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
this.config = filterConfig;
}
}
建一个jsp验证：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP '1.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="servlet/ServletDemo1" method="post">
城市:<input type="text" name="city"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
然后servlet
package com.hbsi.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String city = request.getParameter("city");
response.getWriter().write(city);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
最后若是没有配过滤器就会出现乱码
禁止浏览器缓存所有动态页面的过滤器：
有 3 个 HTTP 响应头字段都可以禁止浏览器缓存当前页面，它们在 Servlet 中的示例代码如下：
response.setDateHeader("Expires",-1);
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
并不是所有的浏览器都能完全支持上面的三个响应头，因此最好是同时使用上面的三个响应头。
Expires数据头：值为GMT时间值，为-1指浏览器不要缓存页面
Cache-Control响应头有两个常用值：
no-cache指浏览器不要缓存当前页面。
max-age:xxx指浏览器缓存页面xxx秒。
新建个过滤器：
package com.hbsi.web.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class NoCacheFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//设置响应头
//转成HttpServlet形式的才有DateHeader等方法
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);//过期时间，不缓存页面
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");//没有缓冲，缓冲控制
resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");//也相当于没有缓冲
chain.doFilter(req,resp);
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
//等会请求都要经过过滤器
在web.xml中配置请求
<filter>
<filter-name>NoCahceFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.hbsi.web.filter.NoCacheFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>NoCahceFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>NoCahceFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
控制浏览器缓存页面中的静态资源的过滤器：
场景：有些动态页面中引用了一些图片或css文件以修饰页面效果，这些图片和css文件经常是不变化的，所以为减轻服务器的压力，可以使用filter控制浏览器缓存这些文件，以提升服务器的性能。
新建一个过滤器：
package com.hbsi.web.filter;
//控制浏览器可以缓存js，css，jpg。
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ExpiresFilter implements Filter {
private FilterConfig config;//声明
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//首先转化下
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
//获取那些参数的值，通过config
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
if(uri.endsWith(".css")){
long time = Integer.parseInt(config.getInitParameter("css"))*1000;
resp.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis()+time);
}else if(uri.endsWith(".js")){
long time = Integer.parseInt(config.getInitParameter("js"))*1000;
resp.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis()+time);
}else if(uri.endsWith(".jpg")){
long time = Integer.parseInt(config.getInitParameter("jpg"))*1000;
resp.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis()+time);
}
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
this.config = filterConfig;//赋给
}
}
在web.xml文件中配置哪些内容允许缓冲：
<filter>
<filter-name>ExpiresFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.hbsi.web.filter.ExpiresFilter</filter-class>
//设置缓冲时间的参数，允许缓冲多穿时间
<init-param>
<param-name>css</param-name>
<param-value>120</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>jpg</param-name>
<param-value>120</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>js</param-name>
<param-value>120</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ExpiresFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ExpiresFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ExpiresFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
最后写jsp文件：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP '2.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="tu.jpg" width="200" height="200"/>
</body>
</html>
实现用户自动登陆的过滤器
在用户登陆成功后，发送一个名称为user的cookie给客户端，cookie的值为用户名和md5加密后的密码。
编写一个AutoLoginFilter，这个filter检查用户是否带有名称为user的cookie来，如果有，则调用dao查询cookie的用户名和密码是否和数据库匹配，匹配则向session中存入user对象（即用户登陆标记），以实现程序完成自动登陆。
先做个jsp文件：login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/servlet/LoginServlet" method="post">
用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br/>
有效期：<input type="radio" name="autoLoginTime" value="${60*60}">1小时
<input type="radio" name="autoLoginTime" value="${10*60}">10分钟
<input type="radio" name="autoLoginTime" value="120">2分钟<br/>
<input type="submit" value="登陆">
</form>
</body>
</html>
//省率（用户登录，连接数据库导一些包，包括数据库一些信息）
//其中用户登录实现如图效果：
建一个servlet文件:功能获取信息
package com.hbsi.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import com.hbsi.dao.UserDao;
import com.hbsi.domain.User;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
int autoLoginTime =Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("autoLoginTime"));
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.find(username, password);
if(user!=null){
request.getSession().setAttribute("user",user);
//String password1 = user.getPassword();
//String md5password = md5(password1);
//System.out.println(md5password);
Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("username",user.getUsername());
Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("password",user.getPassword());
//Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("password",md5password);
cookie1.setMaxAge(autoLoginTime);
cookie2.setMaxAge(autoLoginTime);
cookie1.setPath("/FilterDemo");
cookie2.setPath("/FilterDemo");
response.addCookie(cookie1);
response.addCookie(cookie2);
response.sendRedirect("/FilterDemo/welcome.jsp");
}else{
request.setAttribute("message","用户名密码错");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
private String md5(String input){
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
byte[] result = md.digest(input.getBytes());
BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
return encoder.encode(result);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
编写过滤器：（自动登录过滤器）
package com.hbsi.web.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.hbsi.dao.UserDao;
import com.hbsi.domain.User;
public class AutoLoginFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//首先还是转成Http的
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
//1.检查用户是否登录
User user = (User) req.getSession().getAttribute("user");
if(user!=null){
chain.doFilter(req,resp);
return;
}
//2.检查用户是否带cookie来
String username = null;
String password = null;
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
for(int i=0;cookies!=null && i<cookies.length;i++){
if(cookies[i].getName().equals("username")){
username = cookies[i].getValue();
}
if(cookies[i].getName().equals("password")){
password = cookies[i].getValue();
}
}
if(username==null && password==null){
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
return;
}
//和数据库里的用户和密码比较
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user1 = dao.find(username);
String save_password = user1.getPassword();
if(!password.equals(save_password)){
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
return;
}
req.getSession().setAttribute("user",user1);
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
在web.xml中配置：
<filter>
<filter-name>AutoLoginFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.hbsi.web.filter.AutoLoginFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>AutoLoginFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
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