陶哲轩实分析（上）8.4及习题-Analysis I 8.4

选择公理，很惭愧的说在读这本书之前都没有意识到其存在，从有限维推广到无限维的时候很自然的就用了，当然从应用数学的角度，可以很安全地假定选择公理一定成立。这里Tao秉承了他一贯的严格性。

Exercise 8.4.1

We know that $X$ is a set, and for each $x\in X$, the set Yx={ y∈Y:P(x,y) is true}Y_x=\{y∈Y:P(x,y)\text{ is true}\}Yx​={ y∈Y:P(x,y) is true} is not empty, use Axiom of Choice, we define $f:X\to Y$ by setting $f(x)$ to be one element $y\in Y_x$, this function is well-defined, so $P(x,f(x))$ is true for all $x\in X$.
Conversely, if $I$ is a set and $X_{\alpha }\ne \varnothing ,\forall \alpha \in I$, let P(x,y)={ x∈I,y∈⋃β∈IXβ∶y∈Xx}P(x,y)=\{x∈I,y∈⋃_{β∈I}X_β∶y∈X_x\}P(x,y)={ x∈I,y∈⋃β∈I​Xβ​∶y∈Xx​}, then for every $\alpha \in I$, there’s at least one $y\in {\bigcup }_{\beta \in I}{X}_{\beta }$ such that $P(\alpha ,y)$ is true. By Proposition 8.4.7, there’s a function $f:I\to {\bigcup }_{\beta \in I}{X}_{\beta }$ , such that $P(\alpha ,f(\alpha ))$ is true for all $\alpha \in I$, so we have
$$f(\alpha )\in X_{\alpha },\forall \alpha \in I$$
This function is what we search for in the axiom of choice.

Exercise 8.4.2

By the axiom of choice, there’s a function $(x_{\alpha }{)}_{\alpha \in I}$ which assigns to each $\alpha \in I$ an element xα∈Xαx_α∈X_α