JS实现单例模式

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本文探讨了JavaScript中使用闭包实现单例模式的方法，通过实例展示了如何利用闭包减少重复代码并创建不同实例。同时介绍了两种单例模式的实现方式及其区别，重点在于闭包在维护状态和创建唯一实例中的作用。

js每次new一个对象就会产生一个实例，实例指向不同的地址，就像下面这样：

        function Person(name) {
            this.name = name;
            this.work()
        }

        Person.prototype.work = function() {
            console.log(this.name + " is working");
        }

        var p1 = new Person("Darren"); //Darren is working
        //p1.work(); 

        var p2 = new Person("Jack"); //Jack is working
        console.log(p1 === p2); //false

方法一，利用闭包，在生成某各对象时先判断是否存在。存在就不生成对象，不存在就生成对象。

        var A = (function() {
            var res
            return function(name) {
                if (!res) {
                    res = new B(name)
                }
                return res
            }
        })()

        var B = function Person(name) {
            this.name = name
            this.work()
        }

        B.prototype.work = function() {
            console.log(this.name + " is working");
        }

        var p1 = new A("Darren"); //Darren is working
        var p2 = new A("Jack");
        console.log(p1 === p2) //true

方法一中若想生成另一个单例，需要重写类似A的函数

        var A = (function() {
            var res
            return function(name) {
                if (!res) {
                    res = new B(name)
                }
                return res
            }
        })()

        var C = (function() {
            var res
            return function(name) {
                if (!res) {
                    res = new B(name)
                }
                return res
            }
        })()

        var B = function Person(name) {
            this.name = name
            this.work()
        }

        B.prototype.work = function() {
            console.log(this.name + " is working");
        }

        var p1 = new A("Darren"); //Darren is working
        var p2 = new A("Jack");
        var p3 = new C("Jack");//Jack is working
        console.log(p1 === p2) //true

方法二，是对方法一的改进，减少了重复代码

        var A = function(B) {
            var res
            return function() {
                return res || (res = B.apply(this, arguments))
            }
        }

        var B = function Person(name) {
            this.name = name
            this.work()
        }

        B.prototype.work = function() {
            console.log(this.name + " is working");
        }

        var c = A((name) => new B(name))
        var d = A((name) => new B(name))

        var p1 = c("Darren"); //Darren is working
        var p2 = c("Jack");
        var p3 = d("Jack");//Jack is working
        console.log(p1 === p2) //true