Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest unsolved problems in number theory and in all of mathematics. It states:
Every even integer, greater than 2, can be expressed as the sum of two primes [1].
Now your task is to check whether this conjecture holds for integers up to 107.
Input
Input starts with an integer T (≤ 300), denoting the number of test cases.
Each case starts with a line containing an integer n (4 ≤ n ≤ 107, n is even).
Output
For each case, print the case number and the number of ways you can express n as sum of two primes. To be more specific, we want to find the number of (a, b) where
1) Both a and b are prime
2) a + b = n
3) a ≤ b
Sample Input
2
6
4
Sample Output
Case 1: 1
Case 2: 1
Note
1. An integer is said to be prime, if it is divisible by exactly two different integers. First few primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ...
题目大意:哥德巴赫猜想: 任意大于2的偶数,都可以表示成两个素数的和。统计有多少满足的情况。
思路:因为时间限制,肯定要先进行打表,还要讲素数存起来,在打表的时候可以采用埃氏筛法或者欧拉筛法(线性筛法)。
欧拉筛法:
//哥德巴赫猜想
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
bool su[10000001];
int p[700000],e;
void prime()
{
e=0;
memset(su,false,sizeof(su));
su[0]=su[1]=true;
for(int i=2; i<=10000000; i++)
{
if(su[i]==false)
p[e++]=i;
for(int j=0; j<e&&i*p[j]<=10000000; j++)
{
su[i*p[j]]=1;
if(i%p[j]==0)//i%su[j]==0此处是重点,避免了很多的重复判断,
break; //比如i=9,现在素数是2,3,5,7,进入二重循环,visit[2*9]=1;visit[3*9]=1;
//这个时候9%3==0,要跳出。因为5*9可以用3*15来代替,
// 如果这个时候计算了,i=15的时候又会被重复计算一次
// ,所以这里大量避免了重复运算。
}
}
}
int main()
{
int o=1;
int t;
prime();
scanf("%d",&t);
while(t--)
{
int n;
int ans=0;
scanf("%d",&n);
int n1;
for(n1=0; n1<e; n1++)
{
if(p[n1]>=n/2+1)
break;
if(su[p[n1]]==false&&su[n-p[n1]]==false)
ans++;
}
printf("Case %d: %d\n",o++,ans);
}
return 0;
}
埃氏筛法 :
//哥德巴赫猜想
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
bool su[10000001];
int p[700000],e;
void prime()
{
e=0;
memset(su,false,sizeof(su));
su[0]=su[1]=true;
for(int i=2;i<=10000000;i++)
{
if(su[i]==false)
{
p[e++]=i;
for(int j=i*2;j<=10000000;j+=i)
su[j]=true;
}
}
}
int main()
{
int o=1;
int t;
prime();
scanf("%d",&t);
while(t--)
{
int n;
int ans=0;
scanf("%d",&n);
int n1;
for(n1=0; n1<e; n1++)
{
if(p[n1]>=n/2+1)
break;
if(su[p[n1]]==false&&su[n-p[n1]]==false)
ans++;
}
printf("Case %d: %d\n",o++,ans);
}
return 0;
}
本文探讨了数学中著名的未解决问题——哥德巴赫猜想,即所有大于2的偶数都可以表示为两个素数之和。文章通过提供一个检查此猜想在107以内的整数是否成立的编程任务,介绍了如何利用打表和存储素数的方法,如欧拉筛法和埃氏筛法来解决这个问题。并给出了样例输入和输出。
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