HDU 5135 Little Zu Chongzhi's Triangles

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本文探讨了中国数学家ZuChongzhi如何通过使用木棍来解决构造最大总面积三角形的问题，包括输入描述、输出要求、示例输入输出以及解题思路，最终提供了一个高效的算法实现。

Little Zu Chongzhi's Triangles

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 512000/512000 K (Java/Others)

Total Submission(s): 470 Accepted Submission(s): 248

Problem Description

Zu Chongzhi (429–500) was a prominent Chinese mathematician and astronomer during the Liu Song and Southern Qi Dynasties. Zu calculated the value ofπ to the precision of six decimal places and for a thousand years thereafter no subsequent mathematician computed a value this precise. Zu calculated one year as 365.24281481 days, which is very close to 365.24219878 days as we know today. He also worked on deducing the formula for the volume of a sphere.

It is said in some legend story books that when Zu was a little boy, he liked mathematical games. One day, his father gave him some wood sticks as toys. Zu Chongzhi found a interesting problem using them. He wanted to make some triangles by those sticks, and he wanted the total area of all triangles he made to be as large as possible. The rules were :

1) A triangle could only consist of 3 sticks.
2) A triangle's vertexes must be end points of sticks. A triangle's vertex couldn't be in the middle of a stick.
3) Zu didn't have to use all sticks.

Unfortunately, Zu didn't solve that problem because it was an algorithm problem rather than a mathematical problem. You can't solve that problem without a computer if there are too many sticks. So please bring your computer and go back to Zu's time to help him so that maybe you can change the history.

Input

There are no more than 10 test cases. For each case:

The first line is an integer N(3 <= N<= 12), indicating the number of sticks Zu Chongzhi had got. The second line contains N integers, meaning the length of N sticks. The length of a stick is no more than 100. The input ends with N = 0.

Output

For each test case, output the maximum total area of triangles Zu could make. Round the result to 2 digits after decimal point. If Zu couldn't make any triangle, print 0.00 .

Sample Input

3
1 1 20
7
3 4 5 3 4 5 90
0

Sample Output

0.00
13.64

题目大意：提供一些木棍，每三根首尾相连用来组成一个三角形（长度符合条件），求各个三角形总面积最大是多少。

解题思路：贪心，木棍长度从大到小排序，不能组成三角形的木棍舍去，用海伦公式求出组成的三角形的面积。

代码如下：

#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
double a[13];
double area(double a,double b,double c)  //海伦公式，已知三角形三边边长求面积
{
    double p=(a+b+c)/2.0;
    return sqrt(p*(p-a)*(p-b)*(p-c));
}
int main()
{
    int n,i;
    double ans;
    while(scanf("%d" ,&n)!=EOF&&n)
    {
        ans=0.0;
        for(i=0;i<n;i++)
            scanf("%lf",&a[i]);
        sort(a,a+n);     //排序
        for(i=n-1;i>=2;i--)  //按边长递减顺序，保证的满足条件的每个三角形边长最大
        {
            if(a[i]<a[i-1]+a[i-2])   //只用判断最长边是否小于另外两边之和
			{
                ans+=area(a[i],a[i-2],a[i-1]);  
				i-=2;
			}
        }                            //若不满足条件，该最长边直接舍去
        printf("%.2f\n",ans );
    }
    return 0;
}