Hibernate中hbm文件Set集合顺序对级联插入和删除的影响问题

最新推荐文章于 2026-06-14 12:53:03 发布

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本文探讨了Hibernate级联操作中，由于集合Set定义顺序不同导致的保存与删除操作异常现象。通过调整XML配置文件中集合的顺序，可以解决级联操作时出现的错误。

Hibernate对持久化类的操作非常方便，而级联操作也是功能强大。但是级联操作会带来莫名其妙的问题，下面就提出一个非常微妙的问题，即

hbm文件中定义的集合Set在顺序不同的情况下，对操作会带来不同的影响。下面用一个例子来说明一下该问题。

持久化类描述：

//M，最外层的类，两个集合 public class M { private Integer id; private Set<I> is; private Set<S> ss; } //I，只引用了M public class I { private Integer id; private M M; } //S，引用了I和M public class S { private Integer id; private M M; private I I; }

M.hbm.xml:

<hibernate-mapping> <class name="M" table="mm" catalog="cascade"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="id" /> <generator class="native" /> </id> <set name="is" inverse="true" cascade="all"> <key> <column name="mid" not-null="true" /> </key> <one-to-many class="I" /> </set> <set name="ss" inverse="true" cascade="all"> <key> <column name="mid" not-null="true" /> </key> <one-to-many class="S" /> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

操作测试：

public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { save(); // delete(); } public static void save(){ M m = new M(); I i = new I(); S s = new S(); i.setM(m); s.setM(m); s.setI(i); Set<I> is = new HashSet<I>(); is.add(i); Set<S> ss = new HashSet<S>(); ss.add(s); m.setSs(ss); m.setIs(is); Configuration cfg = new Configuration(); cfg.configure(); SessionFactory fac = cfg.buildSessionFactory(); Session sess = fac.openSession(); Transaction tx = sess.beginTransaction(); sess.save(m); tx.commit(); sess.close(); } public static void delete(){ Configuration cfg = new Configuration(); cfg.configure(); SessionFactory fac = cfg.buildSessionFactory(); Session sess = fac.openSession(); Transaction tx = sess.beginTransaction(); M m = (M)sess.get(M.class, 1); sess.delete(m); tx.commit(); sess.close(); } }

操作结果正常：

Hibernate: insert into cascade.mm values ( ) Hibernate: insert into cascade.ii (mid) values (?) Hibernate: insert into cascade.ss (iid, mid) values (?, ?)

但是删除不正常：

Hibernate: select m0_.id as id1_0_ from cascade.mm m0_ where m0_.id=? Hibernate: select is0_.mid as mid1_1_, is0_.id as id1_, is0_.id as id0_0_, is0_.mid as mid0_0_ from cascade.ii is0_ where is0_.mid=? Hibernate: select ss0_.mid as mid1_1_, ss0_.id as id1_, ss0_.id as id2_0_, ss0_.iid as iid2_0_, ss0_.mid as mid2_0_ from cascade.ss ss0_ where ss0_.mid=? Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.PropertyValueException: not-null property references a null or transient value: S.I at org.hibernate.engine.Nullability.checkNullability(Nullability.java:101) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultDeleteEventListener.deleteEntity(DefaultDeleteEventListener.java:272) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultDeleteEventListener.onDelete(DefaultDeleteEventListener.java:163) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.fireDelete(SessionImpl.java:957) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.delete(SessionImpl.java:940) at org.hibernate.engine.CascadingAction$1.cascade(CascadingAction.java:145) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:392) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:335) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:204) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:425) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:362) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:338) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:204) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:161) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultDeleteEventListener.cascadeBeforeDelete(DefaultDeleteEventListener.java:329) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultDeleteEventListener.deleteEntity(DefaultDeleteEventListener.java:268) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultDeleteEventListener.onDelete(DefaultDeleteEventListener.java:163) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultDeleteEventListener.onDelete(DefaultDeleteEventListener.java:74) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.fireDelete(SessionImpl.java:948) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.delete(SessionImpl.java:926) at Test.delete(Test.java:55) at Test.main(Test.java:15)

修改M.hbm.xml为：

<hibernate-mapping> <class name="M" table="mm" catalog="cascade"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="id" /> <generator class="native" /> </id> <set name="ss" inverse="true" cascade="all"> <key> <column name="mid" not-null="true" /> </key> <one-to-many class="S" /> </set> <set name="is" inverse="true" cascade="all"> <key> <column name="mid" not-null="true" /> </key> <one-to-many class="I" /> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

则删除正常：

Hibernate: select m0_.id as id1_0_ from cascade.mm m0_ where m0_.id=? Hibernate: select ss0_.mid as mid1_1_, ss0_.id as id1_, ss0_.id as id2_0_, ss0_.iid as iid2_0_, ss0_.mid as mid2_0_ from cascade.ss ss0_ where ss0_.mid=? Hibernate: select is0_.mid as mid1_1_, is0_.id as id1_, is0_.id as id0_0_, is0_.mid as mid0_0_ from cascade.ii is0_ where is0_.mid=? Hibernate: delete from cascade.ss where id=? Hibernate: delete from cascade.ii where id=? Hibernate: delete from cascade.mm where id=?

但是插入又不正常了：

Hibernate: insert into cascade.mm values ( ) Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.PropertyValueException: not-null property references a null or transient value: S.I at org.hibernate.engine.Nullability.checkNullability(Nullability.java:101) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:313) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:204) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:130) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:210) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:195) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:117) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:93) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:677) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:669) at org.hibernate.engine.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:252) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:392) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:335) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:204) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:425) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:362) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:338) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:204) at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:161) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.cascadeAfterSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:476) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:354) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:204) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:130) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:210) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:56) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:195) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:50) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:93) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.fireSave(SessionImpl.java:705) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:693) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:689) at Test.save(Test.java:42) at Test.main(Test.java:14)

问题处在何方？为何跟M.hbm.xml里面的set顺序有关系呢？如何统一解决呢？