Question 1
Given employees as the left table and departments as the right table, which JOIN type would return all employees including those without assigned departments?
INNER JOIN
LEFT JOIN
RIGHT JOIN
NATURAL JOIN
Question 2
In a SELF JOIN, why are table aliases mandatory?
To satisfy SQL syntax rules
To distinguish between the table's two instances
To improve query performance
To enable transaction control
Question 3
What is the result of A ∪ B if relation A has (1,2,3) and B has (3,4,5)?
(1,2,3,4,5)
(3)
(1,2,3,3,4,5)
(1,2,4,5)
Question 4
Which SQL query finds customers who have never placed an order using JOINs?
SELECT * FROM customers LEFT JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id
SELECT * FROM customers LEFT JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id WHERE orders.customer_id IS NULL;
SELECT * FROM customers INNER JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;
SELECT * FROM customers RIGHT JOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id;
Question 5
For relations A(P,Q) and B(Q,R), which operation is valid?
A ∪ B
A ∩ B
A - B
None (not union-compatible)
Question 6
What does A ∩ B = ((A ∪ B) - (A - B)) - (B - A) demonstrate?
Intersection can be derived using union and difference
De Morgan's Law for sets
Commutativity of intersection
SQL optimization technique
Question 7
In a FULL JOIN between Orders and Customers, what do NULLs in the Customer columns indicate?
Orders without matching customers
Customers without orders
Corrupted data
Pending transactions
Question 8
Which relational algebra operation is equivalent to SQL's EXCEPT?
∪ (Union)
∩ (Intersection)
- (Minus)
× (Cartesian Product)
Question 9
What makes NATURAL JOIN different from INNER JOIN?
NATURAL JOIN uses USING clause
NATURAL JOIN automatically matches columns with the same name
NATURAL JOIN preserves NULL values
NATURAL JOIN requires explicit join conditions
Question 10
Given relations X(A,B) and Y(A,C), which query returns only matching rows based on column A?
SELECT * FROM X INNER JOIN Y ON X.A = Y.A;
SELECT * FROM X LEFT JOIN Y ON X.A = Y.A;
SELECT * FROM X RIGHT JOIN Y ON X.A = Y.A;
SELECT * FROM X NATURAL JOIN Y;
There are 10 questions to complete.