Measurement is the process of finding out how much, how big, or how heavy something is. It’s like a way to compare things using a standard unit. For example:
- How long? We measure length using units like inches, feet, or meters.
- If you measure the height of a door, you’re finding out how many meters or feet tall it is.
- How heavy? We measure weight using units like grams, kilograms, or pounds.
- If you weigh a watermelon, you’re finding out how many kilograms it is.
- How much? We measure liquids using units like litres or gallons.
- For example, when you fill a bottle with water, you might measure how many litres it holds.
- What time? We measure time in seconds, minutes, or hours.
- If you check how long a movie lasts, you’re measuring time.
Units of Measurement
To measure different quantities, we need to use different units of measurement. A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity that can be used to express the magnitude of a physical quantity. For example, a meter is a unit of length, a kilogram is a unit of mass and a second is a unit of time.
There are different systems of units, such as the International System of Units (SI), the British Imperial System, and the US Customary System. The SI system is the most widely used and accepted system of units in the world. It consists of seven base units and several derived units. The table below shows some of the common units of measurement in the SI system and their symbols.
Quantity | Unit | Symbol |
|---|---|---|
Length | meter | m |
Mass | kilogram | Kg |
Time | second | s |
Temperature | kelvin | K |
Electric current | ampere | A |
Luminous intensity | candela | cd |
Amount of substance | mole | mol |
Conversion of Units
Sometimes, we need to convert between different units of measurement to compare or calculate different quantities. For example, we may need to convert from metres to centimetres or from kilograms to pounds. To do this, we need to use conversion factors, which are ratios that relate one unit to another. For example, the conversion factor from metres to centimetres is 100, because 1 metre is equal to 100 centimetres. Similarly, the conversion factor from kilograms to pounds is 2.205, because 1 kilogram is equal to 2.205 pounds.
To convert from one unit to another, we need to multiply or divide by the appropriate conversion factor.
For example, to convert 5 metres to centimetres, we need to multiply by 100:
5 m × 100 = 500 cm
To convert 3 kilograms to pounds, we need to multiply by 2.205:
3 kg × 2.205 = 6.615 lb
To convert 10 seconds to milliseconds, we need to multiply by 1000:
10 s × 1000 = 10000 ms
To convert 25 degrees Celsius to kelvin, we need to add 273.15:
25 °C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
Also, Check Metric Conversion Chart
Types of Measurement
Basic types of measurement that we deal in several areas of mathematics and sciences are,
- Length
- Mass
- Time
- Volume
- Area
- Temperature
Measurement of Length
Length is the measure of how long or how far something is. The SI unit of length is the metre, which is defined as the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1/299792458 of a second. Some other common units of length are the kilometre (km), the centimetre (cm), the millimetre (mm), the micrometre (µm) and the nanometre (nm).
The table below shows some of the conversion factors between different units of length.
From | To | Conversion Factor |
|---|---|---|
km | m | 1000 |
m | cm | 100 |
cm | mm | 10 |
mm | µm | 1000 |
µm | nm | 1000 |
Also, Check Length Converter
Measurement of Mass
Mass is the measure of how much matter an object contains. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram, which is defined as the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in France. Some other common units of mass are the gram (g), the milligram (mg), the microgram (µg) and the nanogram (ng).
The table below shows some of the conversion factors between different units of mass.
From | To | Conversion Factor |
|---|---|---|
kg | g | 1000 |
g | mg | 1000 |
mg | µg | 1000 |
µg | ng | 1000 |
Also Check,
- lbs to Kg
- kg to lbs
- Metric Tons to Kilogram
Measurement of Time
Time is the measure of how long an event or process lasts. The SI unit of time is the second, which is defined as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom. Some other common units of time are the minute (min), the hour (h), the day (d) and the year (y).
The table below shows some of the conversion factors between different units of time.
From | To | Conversion Factor |
|---|---|---|
hr | min | 60 |
min | s | 60 |
day | hrs | 24 |
year | day | 365 |
Measurement of Area
The table below shows some of the conversion factors between different units of Area.
From | To | Conversion Factor |
|---|---|---|
m2 | cm2 | 10000 |
m2 | feet2 | 10.764 |
m2 | yd2 | 1.196 |
feet2 | yd2 | 9 |
Also, Check Area Conversion Calculator
Measurement of Volume
The table below shows some of the conversion factors between different units of Volume.
From | To | Conversion Factor |
|---|---|---|
l | ml | 1000 |
m3 | l | 1000 |
cm3 | ml | 1 |
m3 | cm3 | 1000000 |
Also, Check Volume Converter
Measurement of Temperature
The table below shows some of the conversion factors between different units of temperature.
From | To | Formula |
|---|---|---|
°C | °F | (0°C × 9/5) + 32 = 32°F |
°C | K | 0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K |
°F | °C | (32°F − 32) × 5/9 = 0°C |
Learn More,
Instruments for Measurement
Various Instruments that are used for measuring various physcial quantites are,
- Measurement Tape
- Clock
- Weighing Scale, etc.
Image of various measurement instruments is added below,
Application of Measurement
Measurement is essential for many fields of science, engineering, technology, and everyday life. Measurement allows us to observe, analyse and understand natural phenomena and human activities. Measurement also enables us to design, build, and operate machines, devices, and systems that improve our quality of life.
Some examples of the application of measurement are:
- Astronomy: Measurement of the distance, size, mass, temperature, brightness, and motion of celestial bodies, such as stars, planets, moons, asteroids and comets.
- Chemistry: Measurement of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter, such as atoms, molecules, elements and compounds.
- Physics: Measurement of the fundamental forces and interactions of nature, such as gravity, electromagnetism, nuclear and quantum.
- Engineering: Measurement of the performance, efficiency, and reliability of machines, devices, and systems, such as bridges, cars, planes, rockets and computers.
- Medicine: Measurement of the health, diagnosis, and treatment of human and animal diseases, such as blood pressure, temperature, pulse, glucose and drugs.
- Sports: Measurement of the speed, strength, endurance, and accuracy of athletes, teams, and games, such as time, distance, score and record.
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