Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus were sauropod dinosaurs that dominated the Earth in the late Jurassic period. Both of these dinosaurs were herbivores. Apatosaurus had a horizontal posture, a long neck, and a sturdy body, reaching lengths of 70 to 90 feet and was found in North America. Brachiosaurus on the other hand was one of the largest sauropods. It had a comparatively upright body like a giraffe, with longer front legs and nasal openings on top of the head. It reached lengths of over 85 feet and was found in North America, Africa, and Europe.
Table of Content
Difference Between Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus
Both Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus were sauropods. The features that distinguished them are listed in the table below.
Features | Apatosaurus | Brachiosaurus |
|---|---|---|
Time period | Existed during the Late Jurassic Period | Existed during the Late Jurassic Period and Early Cretaceous. |
Location | North America | North America, Europe, and Africa |
Size | Smaller with an average height of 23 metres and body weight 45 tonnes. | Larger with an average height of 25 metres and body weight 80 tonnes. |
Posture and Body type | More Horizontal and barrel like body. | More Upright and slender body. |
Neck | Shorter and held horizontally | Longer and held vertically |
Skull | Elongated and narrow | Short and broad |
Teeth | Chisel -shaped | Spoon or pencil-shaped |
Tail | Long and whip like . | Short |
Limbs | The forelimbs were shorter than the hind limbs. | The forelimbs were longer than hind limbs. |
Diet | Fed on low lying plants | Fed on tall plants. |
What is an Apatosaurus?
The first species of Apatosaurus was formally described by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1877. Since then several fossils of this genus have been discovered in the Morrison formation which includes several parts of the Western United States like Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. It is believed that these dinosaurs thrived around 150 million years ago on Earth and primarily dominated the North American continent in the Late Jurassic period.
Taxonomic Classification of Apatosaurus
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Order: Saurischia
- Suborder: Sauropodomorpha
- Family: Diplodocidae
- Genus: Apatosaurus
Characteristics of Apatosaurus
Apatosaurus, like other sauropod dinosaurs, had distinctive morphological and anatomical characteristics that are evident in its skeleton. Some of these characteristics are listed below:
- Apatosaurus were robust four legged animals that reached the lengths of about 70-90 feet.
- Skeletal studies suggest that they had more or less horizontal posture.
- The neck was long and consisted of 15 elongated cervical vertebrae.
- The skull of Apatosaurus was relatively small and elongated, with nostrils positioned on the top of the head.
- The teeth were chisel shaped which suggest that these animals were herbivores.
- Their tail was whip like and is assumed to have been used as a weapon, sound producing organ, and for sensory perception.
- The body of Apatosaurus was barrel shaped with deep and widened rib cage.
- The limbs were pillar-like and were adapted to bear the heavy body.
- The forelimbs of Apatosaurus were shorter than their hind limbs and had only one claw on each.
- The hind limbs were larger and had three claws on each.
What is a Brachiosaurus?
The discovery of Brachiosaurus fossil in 1903 is credited to American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs. Riggs formally named the first species of Brachiosaurus as Brachiosaurus altithorax in 1903. These animals belonged to sauropod group and were characterised by long necks, short heads and longer forelimbs in comparison to hind limbs. These animals are believed to be comparitively rare and thrived in parts of North America, Europe, and Africa during Late Jurassic and early Cretaceous period.
Taxonomic Classification of Brachiosaurus
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Order: Saurischia
- Suborder: Sauropodomorpha
- Family: Brachiosauridae
- Genus: Brachiosaurus
Characteristics of Brachiosaurus
Most of the fossils of Brachiosaurus are incomplete. However studies suggest that Brachiosaurus had some distinctive feature that made them unique among the sauropods. Some of these features of Brachiosaurus are listed below:
- Brachiosaurus were large and tall dinosaurs that reached the heights of about 25 metres.
- They had comparatively upright posture than other sauropods.
- They had extremely long necks with elongated cervical vertebrae.
- The skull of Brachiosaurus was relatively short and broad, with nostrils positioned on the top of the head.
- The teeth are supposed to be spoon-shaped and were adapted for herbivory.
- Tails were shorter in comparison to Apatosaurus.
- The limbs of Brachiosaurus were pillar like and were adapted to bear the massive body weight.
- Reconstructed fossils suggest longer forelimbs than the hind limbs giving it an ascending posture.
Conclusion - Difference Between Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus
The fossil studies of Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus hold their significance in understanding Jurassic ecosystems and dinosaur evolution. These giants provide crucial insights into various herbivorous strategies supported by their unique anatomy. A comparative analysis also helps in deciphering dinosaur diversity, adaptations, and distribution across continents during the Late Jurassic and early cretaceous period. Additionally, the study of these fossil also help us to understand the biomechanics of these large sauropods and how evolution shaped the population through the ages.
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