{"id":150643,"name":"Ernst Mach","name_en":"Ernst Mach","preferred_name":"Ernst Mach (1838-1916)","given_name":"Ernst","family_name":"Mach","year_of_birth":"1838","year_of_death":"1916","note":"\"Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (\/m\u0251\u02d0x\/; German: [\u02c8\u025b\u0250\u032fnst \u02c8max]; 18 February 1838 \u2013 19 February 1916) was an Austrian (Moravian born) physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as the study of shock waves. The ratio of one's speed to that of sound is named the Mach number in his honour. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and American pragmatism. Through his criticism of Newton's theories of space and time, he foreshadowed Einstein's theory of relativity.\n\nCite error: There are tags\u00a0or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template\u00a0or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).\" - (en.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","entity_encoding":"piz","gender":"male","status":"+","last_update":"2022-02-27 19:34:36","synonyms":[],"references":[{"source":"bne","link":"http:\/\/datos.bne.es\/persona\/XX829709","source_id":"XX829709"},{"source":"bnf","link":"https:\/\/catalogue.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb12034597m","source_id":"12034597m"},{"source":"gnd","link":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118575767","source_id":"118575767"},{"source":"loc","link":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/names\/n50042016","source_id":"n50042016"},{"source":"ndl","link":"https:\/\/id.ndl.go.jp\/auth\/ndlna\/00448370","source_id":"00448370"},{"source":"rkd","link":"https:\/\/rkd.nl\/explore\/artists\/307716","source_id":"307716"},{"source":"viaf","link":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/12324232","source_id":"12324232"},{"source":"wikidata","link":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q93996","source_id":"Q93996"}],"variants":[],"status_notes":[],"statements":[],"langs":{"ar":{"name":"\u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062e","note":"\"\u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062e (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: Ernst Mach) (\u0645\u0646 1838 - \u0625\u0644\u0649 1916\u0645). \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062e \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062e \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629.\" - (ar.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AE"},"cs":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (18. \u00fanora 1838 Chrlice, Morava, Rakousk\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed \u2013 19. \u00fanora 1916 Vaterstetten, N\u011bmeck\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed) byl \u010desko-n\u011bmeck\u00fd teoretick\u00fd fyzik, filosof, d\u011bkan a pozd\u011bji i rektor n\u011bmeck\u00e9 Karlo-Ferdinandovy univerzity poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0Moravy.\n\nNarodil se v\u00a0Chrlic\u00edch u\u00a0Brna (dnes m\u011bstsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st Brno-Chrlice). Za 28 let p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b vytvo\u0159il v\u00a0podstat\u011b cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00edlo. Roku 1895 p\u0159ijal nab\u00eddku z\u00a0V\u00eddn\u011b u\u010dit filozofii, zejm\u00e9na historii a teorii induktivn\u00ed v\u011bdy. Stal se z n\u011bj ateista.\n\nV\u00a0penzi uve\u0159ejnil nejen \u0159adu v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, ale dokon\u010dil i dv\u011b monografie. Posledn\u00ed l\u00e9ta sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota (1913\u20131916) \u017eil s\u00a0man\u017eelkou u\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00edho syna Ludwiga ve Vaterstettenu. Tam tak\u00e9 pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u011bste\u010dka Haar den po sv\u00fdch 78. narozenin\u00e1ch zem\u0159el na selh\u00e1n\u00ed srdce.\" - (cs.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"da":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (f\u00f8dt 18 februar 1838 i Brno, d\u00f8d 19 februar 1916 i Vaterstetten) var en m\u00e6hrisk-\u00f8strigsk fysiker og filosof; professor i matematik i Graz 1864, professor i fysik i Prag 1867 og professor i filosofi i Wien 1895-1902.\n\nErnst Mach ydede bidrag dels indenfor naturforskningen, dels indenfor erkendelsesfilosofien.\n\nSom professor ved Karlsuniversitetet i Prag arbejdede han med teknikker der skulle kunne fjerne lydb\u00f8lgers bev\u00e6gelser. Han indf\u00f8rte Mach-tallet, som er et m\u00e5l for en genstands hastighed i forhold til lydens hastighed (s\u00e5 at en genstand i bev\u00e6gelse overskrider lydens hastighed (lydmuren) ved en Mach-v\u00e6rdi p\u00e5 1).\" - (da.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"de":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (* 18. Februar 1838 in Chirlitz bei Br\u00fcnn, Kaisertum \u00d6sterreich; \u2020\u00a019.\u00a0Februar 1916 in Vaterstetten, K\u00f6nigreich Bayern) war ein \u00f6sterreichischer Physiker, Sinnesphysiologe, Philosoph und Wissenschaftstheoretiker sowie ein Pionier der gerade entstehenden Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Nach Ernst Mach ist die Mach-Zahl benannt, welche die Geschwindigkeit im Verh\u00e4ltnis zur Schallgeschwindigkeit beschreibt.\n\nDurch Experimente belegte Mach den zu dieser Zeit noch umstrittenen Doppler-Effekt. Neben Problemen in der Physik und deren L\u00f6sungen besch\u00e4ftigte er sich auch mit Fragen der Philosophie. Er gilt als einer der einflussreichsten Vertreter oder Mitbegr\u00fcnder des Empiriokritizismus. In der Sinnesphysiologie machte er wichtige Experimente zum Gleichgewichtssinn des Menschen, zu Reizschwellen und zu optischen T\u00e4uschungen (Machsche Streifen). In der Psychologie wurde er ein Wegbereiter der Gestaltpsychologie bzw. Gestalttheorie.\" - (de.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"el":{"name":"\u0395\u03c1\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4 \u039c\u03b1\u03c7","note":"\"\u039f \u0388\u03c1\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4 \u039c\u03b1\u03c7 (\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: Ernst Mach, 18 \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1838 \u2013 19 \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1916) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0391\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2-\u03a4\u03c3\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03b1\u03c7. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.\" - (el.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%95%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%87"},"en":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (\/m\u0251\u02d0x\/; German: [\u02c8\u025b\u0250\u032fnst \u02c8max]; 18 February 1838 \u2013 19 February 1916) was an Austrian (Moravian born) physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as the study of shock waves. The ratio of one's speed to that of sound is named the Mach number in his honour. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and American pragmatism. Through his criticism of Newton's theories of space and time, he foreshadowed Einstein's theory of relativity.\n\nCite error: There are tags\u00a0or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template\u00a0or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).\" - (en.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"es":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (Brno, Imperio austr\u00edaco (actualmente Rep\u00fablica Checa), 18 de febrero de 1838 - Munich, Imperio Alem\u00e1n (actual Alemania), 19 de febrero de 1916) fue un f\u00edsico y fil\u00f3sofo austr\u00edaco, autor en lengua alemana.\" - (es.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"fa":{"name":"\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062e","note":"\"\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0632\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062e (\u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc: Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach) \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f.\" - (fa.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AE"},"fi":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (18. helmikuuta 1838 \u2013 19. helmikuuta 1916) oli it\u00e4valtalais-t\u0161ekkil\u00e4inen fyysikko ja filosofi. \n\nErnst Mach syntyi Chrlicessa, B\u00f6\u00f6miss\u00e4, It\u00e4vallassa (nykyisin osa Brnoa T\u0161ekiss\u00e4). 14-vuotiaaksi saakka h\u00e4n oli kotiopetuksessa ja 17-vuotiaana h\u00e4n p\u00e4\u00e4si Wienin yliopistoon. Siell\u00e4 h\u00e4n opiskeli matematiikkaa, fysiikkaa ja filosofiaa. Fysiikan tohtoriksi h\u00e4n v\u00e4itteli vuonna 1860. Vuonna 1864 h\u00e4n vastaanotti matematiikan professorin viran ja kaksi vuotta my\u00f6hemmin, vuonna 1866, my\u00f6s fysiikan professorin viran. 1867 h\u00e4n otti vastaan kokeellisen fysiikan viran Kaarlen yliopistossa Prahassa. Mach palasi viel\u00e4 Wienin yliopistoon induktiivisen filosofian professoriksi 1895, mutta k\u00e4rsitty\u00e4\u00e4n kaksi vuotta my\u00f6hemmin syd\u00e4nkohtauksen h\u00e4n j\u00e4i el\u00e4kkeelle saatuaan nimityksen It\u00e4vallan parlamenttiin. H\u00e4n jatkoi luennoimista ja julkaisemista viel\u00e4 el\u00e4kkeell\u00e4kin. Mach kuoli 19. helmikuuta 1916 Haarissa Saksassa.\" - (fi.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"fr":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach, n\u00e9 le 18 f\u00e9vrier 1838 \u00e0 Chirlitz-Turas pr\u00e8s de Br\u00fcnn dans l'Empire d'Autriche et mort le 19 f\u00e9vrier 1916 \u00e0 Vaterstetten en royaume de Bavi\u00e8re, est un physicien et \u00e9pist\u00e9mologue autrichien.\" - (fr.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"he":{"name":"\u05d0\u05e8\u05e0\u05e1\u05d8 \u05de\u05d0\u05da","note":"\"\u05d0\u05e8\u05e0\u05e1\u05d8 \u05de\u05d0\u05da (\u05d1\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea: Ernst Mach; \u200f18 \u05d1\u05e4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d0\u05e8 1838 - 19 \u05d1\u05e4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d0\u05e8 1916) \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e4\u05d9\u05d6\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9-\u05e6'\u05db\u05d9. \u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05e4\u05e2\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d0\u05da \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05e4\u05d9\u05d6\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8 \u05d5\u05dc\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05d3\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d4\u05e0\u05d4\u05d2\u05ea\u05d4 \u05db\u05e0\u05ea\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5, \u05e2\u05d3 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05ea\u05d4 \u05db\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e2\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05e7\u05d0\u05e0\u05d8. \u05dc\u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e9\u05e4\u05e2\u05d4 \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05dc\u05d1\u05e8\u05d8 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d7 \u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05de\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3. \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05de\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d0\u05da \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05d0\u05da, \u05e2\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d0\u05da \u05d5\u05e2\u05e0\u05e3 \u05de\u05d0\u05da.\" - (he.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9A"},"hi":{"name":"\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0915","note":"\"\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0915 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0947\u0964\" - (hi.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/hi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95"},"hu":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (Chirlitz-Turas [cseh: Chrlice], cs\u00e1sz\u00e1ri Osztr\u00e1k Birodalom [ma Brno v\u00e1rosr\u00e9sze, Csehorsz\u00e1g], 1838. febru\u00e1r 18. \u2013 Vaterstetten [M\u00fcnchen mellett], 1916. febru\u00e1r 19.) morvaorsz\u00e1gi osztr\u00e1k fizikus, filoz\u00f3fus, akinek felfog\u00e1sa volt, hogy minden tud\u00e1s a tapasztalatb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik. Nagy hat\u00e1ssal volt a logikai pozitivizmusra, \u00e9s Isaac Newton kritik\u00e1j\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl el\u0151fut\u00e1ra volt Einstein relativit\u00e1selm\u00e9let\u00e9nek.\n\nTan\u00edtv\u00e1nya volt Albert Einstein, akire nagy hat\u00e1ssal volt Mach, \u00e9s aki Mach tudom\u00e1nyos szeml\u00e9let\u00e9t felhaszn\u00e1lva alkotta meg a relativit\u00e1selm\u00e9letet.\" - (hu.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"id":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (diucapkan [max]) (18 Februari 1838 - 19 Februari 1916) adalah seorang fisikawan dan filsuf Austria.\n\nErnst Mach lahir di Chrlice, Moravia, Austria. Keluarga Mach hidup di daerah terpencil. Ayahnya, Johan mendalami sastra klasik dan tinggal dalam atmosfer keluarga yang sangat tertutup. Meski seorang individualis ekstrem, ayahnya sangat berpendidikan. Ayahnya beternak ulat sutera. Beda dengan ayahnya, ibu Mach lahir dari keluarga pengacara dan dokter yang menjadikan ibunya seorang pencinta musik dan puisi.\n\nSampai umur 14 tahun, pendidikan Mach ditangani langsung oleh ayahnya yang mengajarkan Mach ilmu sejarah, aljabar dan geometri. Baru saat Mach berumur 15 tahun Mach disekolahkan di sekolah umum di Vienna. Disinilah ia mulai tertarik pada ilmu pengetahuan. Kemampuan mach tergolong biasa-biasa saja namun kemampuan intelektualnya muncul saat masuk ke Universitas Vienna. Disana ia belajar matematika, fisika, filsafat dan sejarah. Semua mengantarkannya mendapatkan gelar doktor dalam bidang fisika pada tahun 1860\" - (id.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"it":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (Brno, 18 febbraio 1838 \u2013 Haar, 19 febbraio 1916) \u00e8 stato un fisico e filosofo austriaco.\" - (it.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"ja":{"name":"\u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30de\u30c3\u30cf","note":"\"\u30a8\u30eb\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30f4\u30a1\u30eb\u30c8\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30e8\u30fc\u30bc\u30d5\u30fb\u30f4\u30a7\u30f3\u30c4\u30a7\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30c3\u30cf\uff08Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach\u3001 1838\u5e742\u670818\u65e5 - 1916\u5e742\u670819\u65e5\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u30de\u30c3\u30cf\u6570\u306e\u7531\u6765\u3067\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u30c1\u30a7\u30b3\u306e\u30e2\u30e9\u30f4\u30a3\u30a2\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30ce\uff1d\u30d5\u30eb\u30ea\u30c4\u30a7\uff08\u5f53\u6642\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u5e1d\u56fd\u30e2\u30e9\u30f4\u30a3\u30a2\u5dde\u30d2\u30eb\u30ea\u30c3\u30c4\uff09\u51fa\u8eab\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\" - (ja.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%83%8F"},"ka":{"name":"\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8","note":"\"\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8 (\u10d3. 18 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, 1838 \u2014 \u10d2. 19 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, 1916, \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10dc\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8) \u2014 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8.\" - (ka.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/ka.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98"},"kn":{"name":"\u0c85\u0cb0\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0ccd\u200c\u0cb8\u0ccd\u0c9f\u0ccd \u0cae\u0ccd\u0caf\u0cbe\u0c95\u0ccd","note":"\"\u0c85\u0cb0\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0ccd\u200c\u0cb8\u0ccd\u0c9f\u0ccd \u0cae\u0ccd\u0caf\u0cbe\u0c95\u0ccd\u200c \u0c86\u0cb8\u0ccd\u0c9f\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cbf\u0caf\u0cbe\u0ca6 \u0cad\u0ccc\u0ca4\u0cb5\u0cbf\u0c9c\u0ccd\u0c9e\u0cbe\u0ca8\u0cbf.[\u0ce7] \u0c87\u0cb5\u0cb0\u0cc1 \u0ce7\u0cee\u0ce9\u0cee\u0cb0 \u0cab\u0cc6\u0cac\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cb5\u0cb0\u0cbf \u0ce7\u0cee\u0cb0\u0c82\u0ca6\u0cc1 \u0c86\u0cb8\u0ccd\u0c9f\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cbf\u0caf\u0cbe-\u0cb9\u0c82\u0c97\u0cb0\u0cbf\u0caf\u0cb2\u0ccd\u0cb2\u0cbf\u0ca6\u0ccd\u0ca6 (\u0c88\u0c97 \u0c9d\u0cc6\u0c95\u0ccb\u0cb8\u0ccd\u0cb2\u0cbe\u0cb5\u0cbe\u0c95\u0cbf\u0caf\u0cbe\u0ca6\u0cb2\u0ccd\u0cb2\u0cbf\u0cb0\u0cc1\u0cb5) \u0c9a\u0cbf\u0cb0\u200d\u0ccd\u0cb2\u0cbf\u0c9f\u0ccd\u0c9d\u0ccd-\u0c9f\u0cc1\u0cb0\u0cbe\u0cb8\u0ccd \u0c8e\u0c82\u0cac \u0caa\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0ca6\u0cc7\u0cb6\u0ca6\u0cb2\u0ccd\u0cb2\u0cbf \u0c9c\u0ca8\u0cbf\u0cb8\u0cbf\u0ca6\u0cb0\u0cc1.\" - (kn.wikipedia.org 13.02.2025)","link":"https:\/\/kn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D"},"ko":{"name":"\uc5d0\ub978\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub9c8\ud750","note":"\"\uc5d0\ub978\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub9c8\ud750(Ernst Mach, 1838\ub144~1916\ub144)\ub294 \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc790\uc774\ub2e4. \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \ubaa8\ub77c\ubc14\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub098 \ube48\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc6e0\uace0, \uadf8\ub77c\uce20, \ud504\ub77c\ud558 \ub300\ud559\uad50\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \ube48 \ub300\ud559\uad50\uc758 \uad50\uc218\ub85c \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacfc\ud559\uc0ac \ubc0f \uacfc\ud559\ub860\uc744 \uac15\uc758\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5ed\ud559\uc758 \ubc1c\ub2ec\uacfc \uadf8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\u00b7\ube44\ud310\uc801 \uace0\ucc30(1883)\uc744 \uc11c\uc220\ud558\uc5ec \uc5ed\ud559\ube44\ud310\uc744 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ub610 \uc2e4\uc99d\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc120 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc2dd\ub860\uc744 \uac1c\ucc99\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucd08\uc74c\uc18d \uc81c\ud2b8\uae30 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 '\ub9c8\ud558 \uc218'\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc5d0\uc11c \ub530\uc628 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n\ub9c8\ud750\uc758 \u27ea\uc5ed\ud559(\u529b\u5b78)\uc758 \ubc1c\ub2ec\u27eb(1883)\uc740 \uc5ed\ud559\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub098 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ud574\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc801 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ube44\ud310\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ed\ud559\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8ec \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub274\ud134 \uc5ed\ud559\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc544\uc778\uc288\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc0c1\ub300\uc131 \uc774\ub860 \uc131\ub9bd\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub07c\uce5c \uac83\uc740 \uc720\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uae30\ucd08\ub85c \ucca0\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc601\uad6d \uacbd\ud5d8\ub860\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec \uacfc\ud559\uc778\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uac10\uac01\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\ub9cc\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc2e4\uc99d\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc81c\ucc3d\ud558\uace0 \u27ea\uac10\uac01\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d\u27eb(1886), \u27ea\uc778\uc2dd\uacfc \uc624\ub958\u27eb(1905) \ub4f1\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc800\uc791\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uc804\uac1c\ud588\ub2e4. \ub3cc\uc774\ub4e0 \ub098\ubb34\ub4e0\uac04\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \uac10\uac01\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \ud574\uc11c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uacfc\ud559\uc740 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \uc870\uae08\ub3c4 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uacfc\ud559\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4, \uace7 \uac10\uac01\uc758 \uae30\uc220(\u8a18\u8ff0)\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacfc\ud559\uc740 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uac10\uac01\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacfc\ud559\uc740 \uadf8 \ucde8\uae09 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub9cc \ub2e4\ub97c \ubfd0, \uadfc\uc800\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ud1b5\uc77c\uacfc\ud559(\u7d71\u4e00\u79d1\u5b78) \uc0ac\uc0c1\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac10\uac01\ub9cc\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub9c8\ud750\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc740 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc790 \ub808\ub2cc\uc5d0\uac8c \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc790\ub77c\ub294 \ube44\ub09c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\uc758 \uc2e4\uc99d\uc8fc\uc758, \ud1b5\uc77c\uacfc\ud559 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \ud604\ub300 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc2e4\uc99d\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774 \ud559\ud30c\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub530\uc11c '\ub9c8\ud750 \ud611\ud68c'\ub77c\uace0 \uba85\uba85\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\" - (ko.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A7%88%ED%9D%90"},"nl":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (Brno, 18 februari 1838 \u2013 Vaterstetten, 19 februari 1916) was een Oostenrijkse natuurkundige en filosoof. Hij is bekend om zijn bijdragen aan de natuurkunde, zoals het getal van Mach en zijn studie van schokgolven. Als wetenschapsfilosoof had hij grote invloed op het logisch positivisme. Hij had kritiek op de -abstracte- absolute ruimte van Newton en was als relativist een voorloper op de relativiteitstheorie van Einstein.\" - (nl.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"pl":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (ur. 18 lutego 1838 w Chrlicach ko\u0142o Brna, dzi\u015b Brno-Chrlice, zm. 19 lutego 1916 w Haar ko\u0142o Monachium) \u2013 austriacki naukowiec: fizyk, filozof i historyk nauki; profesor Uniwersytetu Wiede\u0144skiego, a wcze\u015bniej Uniwersytetu Karola w Pradze i Uniwersytetu w Grazu.\n\nMach by\u0142 przedstawicielem empiryzmu poznawczego oraz pozytywizmu. Krytykowa\u0142 poj\u0119cia absolutnej przestrzeni i czasu u\u017cywane przez Newtona jako nienaukowe. To zaprowadzi\u0142o Macha do pewnej hipotezy na temat bezw\u0142adno\u015bci; sta\u0142a si\u0119 ona jedn\u0105 z inspiracji dla Einsteina do stworzenia og\u00f3lnej teorii wzgl\u0119dno\u015bci i zosta\u0142a przez niego nazwana zasad\u0105 Macha[potrzebny\u00a0przypis].\" - (pl.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"pt":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (Brno, 18 de fevereiro de 1838 \u2014 Vaterstetten, 19 de fevereiro de 1916) foi um f\u00edsico e fil\u00f3sofo austr\u00edaco.\n\nDe 1864 a 1867 foi professor de matem\u00e1tica em Graz. Depois (1867-1895) lecionou f\u00edsica na Universidade Carolina, quando op\u00f4s-se \u00e0 introdu\u00e7\u00e3o da l\u00edngua tcheca como idioma oficial na mesma universidade, alinhando-se entre os partid\u00e1rios da domina\u00e7\u00e3o alem\u00e3 na regi\u00e3o. De 1895 a 1901 foi o titular da cadeira de hist\u00f3ria e teoria da ci\u00eancia indutiva na Universidade de Viena. Em 1901, ap\u00f3s abandonar o ensino, foi nomeado membro da C\u00e2mara dos Pares pelo imperador da \u00c1ustria.\" - (pt.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"ro":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (18 februarie 1838 \u2013 19 februarie 1916) a fost un fizician \u0219i filozof austriac, profesor la Universitatea din Viena. Dup\u0103 el a fost numit \u201enum\u0103rul Mach\u201d (cunoscut \u0219i ca \u201eviteza Mach\u201d).\n\nEste considerat precursorul lui Einstein \u00een critica principiilor mecanicii clasice. Mach considera c\u0103 lumea fizic\u0103 este constituit\u0103 din complexe stabile de senza\u021bii \u0219i c\u0103 rolul \u0219tiin\u021bei ar fi s\u0103 introduc\u0103 legi \u00een aceste complexe. Mach este revendicat de neopozitivism drept precursor. Una din tezele principale ale lui Mach a fost c\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021ba este derivat\u0103 din senza\u021bie.\" - (ro.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"ru":{"name":"\u042d\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0445","note":"\"\u042d\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0445 (\u043d\u0435\u043c.\u00a0Ernst Mach; 18 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f 1838\u00a0\u2014 19 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f 1916)\u00a0\u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444-\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442.\n\n\u0427\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a (1880).\" - (ru.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82"},"sv":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach, f\u00f6dd 18 februari 1838 i Brno, d\u00f6d 19 februari 1916 i M\u00fcnchen, var en \u00f6sterrikisk fysiker och filosof. Han blev professor i matematik i Graz 1864, professor i fysik i Prag 1867 och professor i filosofi i Wien 1895.\n\n\u00c5r 1901 drabbades Mach av ett slaganfall och tvingades ta avsked fr\u00e5n sin anst\u00e4llning, men erbj\u00f6ds ist\u00e4llet adelskap och fick en plats i Herrenhaus, det d\u00e5varande \u00f6sterrikiska parlamentets \u00f6verhus.\" - (sv.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"ta":{"name":"\u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd","note":"\"\u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bcb\u0b9a\u0baa\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd (1886, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf 1838 - \u0baa\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf 1916) \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u00a0\u0b87\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0b86\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b90\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\" - (ta.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D"},"tr":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach, (d. 18 \u015eubat 1838, Br\u00fcnn, Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u2013 \u00f6. 19 \u015eubat 1916, Vaterstetten, Bavyera Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131), Avusturyal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i ve felsefeci. Bilim tarihi alan\u0131n\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan biridir. Ses h\u0131z\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak h\u0131z\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan Mach say\u0131s\u0131, Ernst Mach'\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n\nFizik problemleri ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra felsefe ve felsef\u00ee problemlerle de ilgilendi. Ampirik ele\u015ftirinin en etkili temsilcilerinden veya kurucular\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir. Duyusal fizyolojide, insan denge duygusu, uyaran e\u015fikleri ve optik ill\u00fczyonlar (Mach \u00e7izgileri) \u00fczerine \u00f6nemli deneyler yapt\u0131. Psikolojide gestalt psikolojisi veya gestalt teorisinin \u00f6nc\u00fclerindendi.\" - (tr.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"uk":{"name":"\u0415\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0445","note":"\u0415\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0445 (\u043d\u0456\u043c. Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach; 18 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e 1838, \u0411\u0440\u043d\u043e\u00a0\u2014 19 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e 1916, \u0424\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043d)\u00a0\u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a \u0456 \u0444\u0456\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444.","link":"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85"},"vi":{"name":"Ernst Mach","note":"\"Ernst Mach (ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c:\u00a0[\u02c8\u025b\u0250nst \u02c8max]) (18 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1838 \u2013 19 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1916) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 Mach v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia khoa h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng l\u00f4gic v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Newton, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein.\" - (vi.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mach"},"zh":{"name":"\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u9a6c\u8d6b","note":"\"\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u9a6c\u8d6b\uff08\u5fb7\u8a9e\uff1aErnst Mach\uff0c1838\u5e742\u670818\u65e5\uff0d1916\u5e742\u670819\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229-\u6377\u514b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u5149\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u9a6c\u8d6b\u6570\u548c\u9a6c\u8d6b\u5e26\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aMach band\uff09\u56e0\u5176\u5f97\u540d\u3002\u9a6c\u8d6b\u5927\u529b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u501f\u9274\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\n\n\u5217\u5b81\u66fe\u6279\u8bc4\u201c\u9a6c\u8d6b\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u786e\u5b9e\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u5185\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e24\u573a\u7406\u8bba\u9769\u547d\u6765\u8bf4\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5e38\u8bc6\uff0c\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5927\u80c6\u63a5\u7eb3\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u867d\u7136\u9a6c\u8d6b\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u4ed6\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4e4f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3001\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5188\u00b7\u6ce1\u5229\u548c\u7406\u67e5\u00b7\u8d39\u66fc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u5947\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u65f6\u7a7a\u548c\u602a\u5f02\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\" - (zh.wikipedia.org 27.02.2022)","link":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB"}}}