Ikinyarwanda
Ikinyarwanda[1] ni ururimi gakondo rw'u Rwanda. Ijambo "ikinyarwanda" nanone rishobora gukoreshwa risobanura umuco ndetse n'imico ikomoka mu Rwanda. Ikinyarwanda kivugwa mu Rwanda ndetse kikanavugwa mu nkengero z'u Rwanda cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharaninra Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC), ndetse no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubugande. Ibindi bihugu bikikije u Rwanda bifite indimi ziri mu muryango umwe w'indimi hamwe na cyo. Ikinyarwanda gisa n’Ikirundi, ururimi rw’i Burundi, kikanasa n’Igiha cyo muri Tanzaniya. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 kin.Uru ni ururimi ruranga umunyarwanda aho ari hose, ndetse ni rwo rurimi ruvugwa mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda.
Ikinyarwanda gifite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda. Nirwo rurimi ruha Abanyarwanda ubushobozi bwo kuranga isi, kugaragaza imbamutima, gushyikirana baganira, kungurana ibitekerezo no gutumanaho mu buryo bworoshye.
Ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda rufite uruhare rukomeye mu guhamya umunyarwanda udafite isoni n’ubwoba by’umuco we kandi utisuzugura. Umuco w’u Rwanda ukeneye abawucunga n’abawubungabunga ngo hato imico y’amahanga itazawuganza . Iyo nshingano rero ni iz’Abanyarwanda ubwabo. Inzira ya mbere iriho ni ukwigisha Ikinyarwanda.
Ku wa 21 Werurwe buri mwaka, u Rwanda rwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga w'ururimi Kavukire ari rwo twita mundimi mpuzamahanga native language: Ikinyarwanda.
Ikinyanduga si cyo Kinyarwanda cyonyine, uretse ko abapadiri bashatse kwandika Ikinyarwanda bahera ku Kinyanduga, kuko abacyanditse bari i Kabgayi.
Kwigisha Ikinyarwanda bihamye rero ni ugushimangira Ubunyarwanda. Ni ugushyikiriza umwana w’u Rwanda ibyo abakurambere bahanze bakabisigira Umunyarwanda wese nk'umurage. Bityo kwiga Ikinyarwanda bikaba guhura n’ibyo kibumbatiye: uko giteye, ubugeni gihetse, umuco n’imyumvire y’Abanyarwanda. Ibi bisobanura ko kwigisha Ikinyarwanda ari ugufasha umwana w’u Rwanda kugicengera ari mu miterere yacyo no bwiza bwacyo: uko cyemerera ukivuga gutaka imvugo ye.
Kwigisha Ikinyarwanda rero bikwiye kuba umwanya wo guha Umunyarwanda ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kumirwa n’amahanga, ibyiza akisangamo akabyamamaza, ibyo anenga akabikosora, akagiteza imbere kigahangana n’iterambere isi igezeho uyumunsi
Ikinyarwanda kandi gifitemo amagambo menshi asa nayo mu rurimi rwitwa Ikizulu rw'abirabura bo muri Afurika y'epfo. Urugero:
umuntu, abantu, ingwe, amazi, umutwaro, ingata, inyama, inyoni, iminwa, marume, umukwe, abatwa, ...
Urutonde rw'inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ikinyarwanda kigizwe n'inyuguti 24: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
Izi nyuguti 24 zirimo ibice 2:
- Inyajwi 5: a e i o u
- Ingombajwi (indagi) 19: b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w y z
UMUCO GAKONDO W'ABANYARWANDA
Abanyarwanda muri gakondo yabo bizeraga neza umuremyi Imana ko ishora byose mbere yu mwaduko w'abazungu abanyarwanda bizereraga muri Ryangombe ry'ababinga kandi bakanabandwa (bizeraga ko nyuma y'ubuzima hari ubundi buzima kandi bakizera ko mu gihe bambaje abakurambere babe, hari ibyo babafasha byabananiye).
GUSABA UMUGENI MU RWANDA RWO HAMBERE
Mu Rwanda rwo hambere imigenzo yo hambere yo gusaba umugeni byagirwamo uruhare n'ababyeyi,
kumpande zombi iyo migenzo yabanzirizwaga no gufata irembo ,bisobanuye ko ababyeyi b'umuhungu,
iyobabaga bashimiye umhungu wabo umugeni bajyaga gufata irembo cyangwa umwanya kugirango hatazagira undi waturuka mu wundi muryango.
iyo migenzo yakorwaga n'ababyeyi kumpande zombi abana babo ntabahari,se w'umuhungu agasabira umusore.[2]
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | ||||
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | t | u | v | w | y | z | ||||
Indagi zivamo ibihekane bigizwe n'inyuguti ebyiri, eshatu, ndetse hari n'ibigizwe n'inyuguti 4 bikongerwaho nabyo buri gihe inyajwi kugirango bivugike neza.
- Urugero: Ibihekane bigizwe n'ingwombajwi ebyiri nd, wakongeraho inyajwi (a e i o u) bigahinduka nda, nde, ndi, ndo, ndu ukandika ijambo indege.
- Ibihekane bigizwe n'ingombajwi eshatu ndw kongera ho inyajwi (a e i o u) bigahinduka ndwa, ndwe, ndwi, ndwo, ndwu ukandika ijambo indwara.
- Ibihekane bigizwe n'ingombajwi enye nshy kongera ho inyajwi (a e i o u) bigahinduka nshya, nshye, nshyi, nshyo, nshyu ukandika ijambo inshyushyu.
Ingombajwi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]| inyaminwa | inyamwinyo | inyesongashinya | "Postalveolar" | inyarusenge | incarusenga | "Labiovelar" | "Glottal" | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inturike | p b | t d | c ɟ | k ɡ | ||||
| inkubyi | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | ç | h | |||
| inturike nkubyi | ts | tʃ | ||||||
| inyamazuru | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| "Approximant" | j | w | ||||||
| "Tap or Flap" | ɾ |
Inyajwi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]| imbere | "Back" | |
|---|---|---|
| "Close" | i | u |
| "Close-mid" | e | o |
| inyatu | a | |
| ubuke | ubwinshi | urugero | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | (u)mu- | (a)ba- | umuntu/ abantu |
| II | (u)mu- | (i)mi- | umurima/ imirima |
| III | (i)(ri)- | (a)ma- | iriba/ amariba |
| IV | (i)ki- or (i)gi- | (i)bi- | ikiganza/ ibiganza |
| V | (i)n- | (i)n- | indimu (imwe)/ indimu (ebyiri) |
| VI | (u)ru- | (i)n- | urugero/ ingero |
| VII | (a)ka- | (u)tu- | akarabo/ uturabo |
| VIII | (u)bu- | (u)bu- | ubute/ ubute (?) |
| IX | (u)ku- | (a)ma- | ukuguru/ amaguru |
| X | (a)ha- | (a)ha- | ahantu (hamwe)/ abantu (henshi) |
| "Class" | ubumwe | ubwinshi | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indomo | Ikinyazina ngenera | indomo | Ikinyazina ngenera | |
| 1 | umu | wa | aba | ba |
| 2 | umu | wa | imi | ya |
| 3 | i, in | ya | i, in | za |
| 4 | iki | cya | ibi | bya |
| 5 | i(ri) | rya | ama | ya |
| 6 | uru | rwa | in | za |
| 7 | aka | ka | utu | twa |
| 8 | ubu | bwa | ama | ya |
| 9 | uku | kwa | ama | ya |
| 10 | aha | ha | ||
| 1 (ubumwe) | umu | mu | wa | uyu | uwo | uriya | wa | n, u, a | n, ku, mu |
| 1 (ubwinshi) | aba | ba | ba | aba | abo | bariya | ba | tu, mu, ba | tu, ba, ba |
| 2 (ubumwe) | umu | mu | wa | uyu | uwo | uriya | wa | u | wu |
| 2 (ubwinshi) | imi | mi | ya | iyi | iyo | iriya | ya | i | yi |
| 3 (ubumwe) | i, in | n | ya | iyi | iyo | iriya | ya | i | yi |
| 3 (ubwinshi) | i, in | n | za | izi | izo | ziriya | za | zi | zi |
| 4 (ubumwe) | iki | ki | cya | iki | icyo | kiriya | cya | ki | ki |
| 4 (ubwinshi) | ibi | bi | bya | ibi | ibyo | biriya | bya | bi | bi |
| 5 (ubumwe) | i | ri | rya | iri | iryo | ririya | rya | ri | ri |
| 5 (ubwinshi) | ama | ma | ya | aya | ayo | ariya | ya | a | ya |
| 6 (ubumwe) | uru | ru | rwa | uru | urwo | ruriya | rwa | ru | ru |
| 6 (ubwinshi) | in | n | za | izi | izo | ziriya | za | zi | zi |
| 7 (ubumwe) | aka | ka | ka | aka | ako | kariya | ka | ka | ka |
| 7 (ubwinshi) | utu | tu | twa | utu | utwo | turiya | twa | tu | tu |
| 8 (ubumwe) | ubu | bu | bwa | ubu | ubwo | buriya | bwa | bu | bu |
| 8 (ubwinshi) | ama | ma | ya | aya | ayo | ariya | ya | a | ya |
| 9 (ubumwe) | uku | ku | kwa | uku | ukwo | kuriya | kwa | ku | ku |
| 9 (ubwinshi) | ama | ma | ya | aya | ayo | ariya | ya | a | ya |
| 10(ubumwe/ubwinshi) | aha | ha | ha | aha | aho | hariya | ha | ha | ha |
Imyandikire
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Imiyoboro
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- http://marshill.org/refugees/files/2010/07/Kinyarwanda-English-Dictionary.pdf
- Coupez André et alii, 2006 Inkoranya y íkinyarwaanda mu kinyarwaanda nó mu gifaraansá = Dictionnaire Rwanda-Rwanda et Rwanda-Français, Institut de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (Butare, Rwanda) et Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Belgique).
- Shimamungu Eugène, 1998, Le kinyarwanda, initiation à une langue bantu, Paris, L'Harmattan. Inyandikorugero:ISB
- ↑ ururimi rwi kinyarwanda
- ↑ Umuco nyarwanda