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. 2023 Mar 30;13(3):e067390.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067390.

Factors associated with higher quality of clinical practice guidelines and their recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of depression: a systematic review

Franciele Cordeiro Gabriel  1 , Daniela Oliveira de Melo  2 , Airton Tetelbom Stein  3   4 , Géssica Caroline Henrique Fontes-Mota  5 , Itamires Benício Dos Santos  2 , Camila da Silva Rodrigues  2 , Mônica Cristiane Rodrigues  6 , Tatiane Bomfim Ribeiro  7 , Renério Fráguas  8 , Ivan D Florez  9   10   11 , Diogo Telles-Correia  12 , Eliane Ribeiro  5
Affiliations

Factors associated with higher quality of clinical practice guidelines and their recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of depression: a systematic review

Franciele Cordeiro Gabriel et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the pharmacological treatment of depression along with their recommendations and factors associated with higher quality.

Design: We conducted a systematic review that included CPGs for the pharmacological treatment of depression in adults.

Data sources: We searched for publications from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2021, in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, BVS and 12 other databases and guideline repositories.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: We included CPGs containing recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of depression in adults at outpatient care setting, regardless of whether it met the U.S. National Academy of Medicine criteria, or not. If a CPG included recommendations for both children and adults, they were considered. No language restriction was applied.

Data extraction and synthesis: Data extraction was also conducted independently and in duplicate, a process that was validated in a previous project. The quality of the CPGs and their recommendations were assessed by three independent reviewers using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) and Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence (AGREE-REX). A CPG was considered to be of high quality if AGREE II Domain 3 was ≥60%; while their recommendations were considered high if AGREE-REX Domain 1 was ≥60%.

Results: Seventeen out of 63 (27%) CPGs were classified as high quality, while 7 (11.1%) had high-quality recommendations. The factors associated with higher-scoring CPGs and recommendations in the multiple linear regression analyses were 'Handling of conflicts of interest', 'Multiprofessional team' and 'Type of institution'. 'Inclusion of patient representative in the team' was also associated with higher-quality recommendations.

Conclusions: The involvement of professionals from diverse backgrounds, the handling of conflicts of interest, and the inclusion of patients' perspectives should be prioritised by developers aiming for high-quality CPGs for the treatment of depression.

Keywords: clinical pharmacology; depression & mood disorders; protocols & guidelines.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: IDF is the current leader of the AGREE collaboration.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) selection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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