Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jun;17(6):819-826.
doi: 10.2215/CJN.14661121.

Evaluation of Conflicts of Interest among Participants of the Japanese Nephrology Clinical Practice Guideline

Anju Murayama  1   2 , Kohki Yamada  3 , Makoto Yoshida  3 , Yudai Kaneda  3 , Hiroaki Saito  4 , Toyoaki Sawano  5 , Sunil Shrestha  6 , Rajeev Shrestha  7 , Tetsuya Tanimoto  8 , Akihiko Ozaki  3   9
Affiliations

Evaluation of Conflicts of Interest among Participants of the Japanese Nephrology Clinical Practice Guideline

Anju Murayama et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Jun.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Rigorous and transparent management strategies for conflicts of interest and clinical practice guidelines with the best available evidence are necessary for the development of nephrology guidelines. However, there was no study assessing financial and nonfinancial conflicts of interest, quality of evidence underlying the Japanese guidelines for CKD, and conflict of interest policies for guideline development.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements: This cross-sectional study examined financial and nonfinancial conflicts of interest among all 142 authors of CKD guidelines issued by the Japanese Society of Nephrology using a personal payment database from all 92 major Japanese pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019 and self-citations by guideline authors. Also, the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations underlying the guidelines and conflicts of interest policies of Japanese, US, and European nephrology societies were evaluated.

Results: Among 142 authors, 125 authors (88%) received $6,742,889 in personal payments from 56 pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. Four-year combined median payment per author was $8258 (interquartile range, $2230‒$51,617). The amounts of payments and proportion of guideline authors with payments remained stable during and after guideline development. The chairperson, vice chairperson, and group leaders received higher personal payments than other guideline authors. Of 861 references in the guidelines, 69 (8%) references were self-cited by the guideline authors, and 76% of the recommendations were on the basis of low or very low quality of evidence. There were no fully rigorous and transparent conflicts of interest policies for nephrology guideline authors in the United States, Europe, and Japan.

Conclusions: Most of the Japanese CKD guideline recommendations were on the basis of low quality of evidence by the guideline authors tied with pharmaceutical companies, suggesting the need for better financial conflicts of interest management.

Keywords: Japan; chronic kidney disease; conflict of interest.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

    1. Institute of Medicine : Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust, Washington, DC, The National Academies Press, 2011
    1. Campsall P, Colizza K, Straus S, Stelfox HT: Financial relationships between organizations that produce clinical practice guidelines and the biomedical industry: A cross-sectional study. PLoS Med 13: e1002029, 2016 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Choudhry NK, Stelfox HT, Detsky AS: Relationships between authors of clinical practice guidelines and the pharmaceutical industry. JAMA 287: 612–617, 2002 - PubMed
    1. Cosgrove L, Bursztajn HJ, Erlich DR, Wheeler EE, Shaughnessy AF: Conflicts of interest and the quality of recommendations in clinical guidelines. J Eval Clin Pract 19: 674–681, 2013 - PubMed
    1. Nejstgaard CH, Bero L, Hróbjartsson A, Jørgensen AW, Jørgensen KJ, Le M, Lundh A: Association between conflicts of interest and favourable recommendations in clinical guidelines, advisory committee reports, opinion pieces, and narrative reviews: Systematic review. BMJ 371: m4234, 2020 - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Substances