Abstract

PIP: The mechanism of action, low and high failure rates, and some of the adverse effects for the commonly used methods of contraception are listed. These include the use of spermicide alone, sponge with spermicide, withdrawal, periodic abstinence, diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide, condom, combined and progestin oral contraceptives, progesterone T and copper T 380A IUDs, medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera), and levonorgestrel subdermal implants (Norplant). Each method is briefly described with reference to relevant published papers and studies. An extensive list of combined oral contraceptives is also presented with estrogen and progestin component data, as well as the cost of each drug to the pharmacist for one month's use based upon average wholesale price listings in Drug Topics Red Book 1992 and November Update.