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Comparative Study
. 2003 Jun 15;297(1):27-34.
doi: 10.1002/jez.b.17.

Origin of archosaurian integumentary appendages: the bristles of the wild turkey beard express feather-type beta keratins

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Comparative Study

Origin of archosaurian integumentary appendages: the bristles of the wild turkey beard express feather-type beta keratins

Roger H Sawyer et al. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. .

Abstract

The discovery that structurally unique "filamentous integumentary appendages" are associated with several different non-avian dinosaurs continues to stimulate the development of models to explain the evolutionary origin of feathers. Taking the phylogenetic relationships of the non-avian dinosaurs into consideration, some models propose that the "filamentous integumentary appendages" represent intermediate stages in the sequential evolution of feathers. Here we present observations on a unique integumentary structure, the bristle of the wild turkey beard, and suggest that this non-feather appendage provides another explanation for some of the "filamentous integumentary appendages." Unlike feathers, beard bristles grow continuously from finger-like outgrows of the integument lacking follicles. We find that these beard bristles, which show simple branching, are hollow, distally, and express the feather-type beta keratins. The significance of these observations to explanations for the evolution of archosaurian integumentary appendages is discussed.

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