Mars—Beyond the Red Horizon: Appendix D: Bibliography
The following is a list of literature referenced in the writing of this book, as well as literature useful for deepening one's understanding of Mars. The list is intended for a wide range of readers, from general books to specialized academic texts.
D.1 Mars Science—General Books and Introductions
Shigenori Maruyama, Joseph G. Baker, Robert M. Hargreaves, Dome Life and Earth on Mars: 4.6 Billion Years (Kodansha, 2008). A general Japanese book that provides a comprehensive explanation of Mars' geology, life, and exploration history. It includes the observation that Lowell's perceptions were not necessarily off the mark from a scientific perspective.
Hiromi Nakamura Mars Trivia Notebook (Diamond Inc., 1997). An overview book that summarizes Mars exploration, the history of the relationship between Mars and humanity, and knowledge about Mars in a column format.
John Noble Wilford, translated by Sanae Takahashi Mars Beckons (Kawade Shobo Shinsha, 1992). A Japanese translation of John Noble Wilford's Mars Beckons (1990). It depicts the relationship between humanity and Mars from ancient times to the present, and even to the future prospects at the time of writing, through the introduction of episodes of people fascinated by Mars.
François Forget, François Costard, Philippe Lognonné, Junichi Watanabe, translated by Hitoshi Mizutani Mars: A 4.8 Billion Year History of the Planet (Newton Mook, 2009). A Japanese translation of François Forget, François Costard, and Philippe Lognonné's La Planète Mars - Histoire d'un autre monde (2006). Based on research using data from the European Mars Express probe, this is a textbook that uses abundant illustrations to describe the history of Mars, its current state, and the history and future of Mars exploration.
D.2 Mars Science—Specialized and Academic Books
Carr, Michael H. The Surface of Mars (Cambridge University Press, 2007). A standard reference book for Martian geomorphology.
Kieffer, Hugh H. et al. (eds.) Mars (University of Arizona Press, 1992). A comprehensive academic book covering the period from the Viking era to the Mars Global Surveyor era.
Bell, Jim (ed.) The Martian Surface: Composition, Mineralogy, and Physical Properties (Cambridge University Press, 2008). A specialized book on the composition, mineralogy, and physical properties of the Martian surface.
Grotzinger, John P., and Ralph E. Milliken (eds.) Sedimentary Geology of Mars (SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2012). A specialized book on the sedimentary geology of Mars.
Jakosky, Bruce M. et al. "Inventory of CO2 available for terraforming Mars," Nature Astronomy, 2 (2018), pp. 634–639. A paper that evaluated the amount of carbon dioxide available for terraforming and concluded that terraforming is difficult to achieve with current technology.
D.3 History of Mars Exploration
Morton, Oliver Mapping Mars: Science, Imagination and the Birth of a World (Picador, 2002). Depicts the history of mapping Mars as an intersection of science, imagination, and exploration history.
Hartmann, William K. A Traveler's Guide to Mars (Workman Publishing, 2003). A general book that guides the reader through Mars from a geological perspective. Includes abundant photographs.
Sheehan, William The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery (University of Arizona Press, 1996). A detailed record of the history of Martian observation from ancient times to the Mariner program.
Lowell, Percival Mars (Houghton Mifflin, 1895). A treatise on Mars published by Lowell in 1895. It presents the perception that it is "far older than the Earth, more evolved, and therefore its oceans have dried up, it is arid, and it is desertified." Important as a historical document.
D.4 Mars and Life—Science and Philosophy
McKay, David S. et al. "Search for Past Life on Mars: Possible Relic Biogenic Activity in Martian Meteorite ALH84001," Science, 273 (1996), pp. 924–930. A historical paper that argued for the possibility that the ALH84001 meteorite contains traces of life.
Chyba, Christopher F., and Cynthia B. Phillips "Possible ecosystems and the search for life on Europa," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98 (2001), pp. 801–804. A paper that discusses the possibility of life within the solar system in a broad context. Useful for comparison with Mars.
Ward, Peter D., and Joe Kirschvink A New History of Life (Bloomsbury, 2015) A new perspective on the history of life on Earth. Includes comparisons with Mars.
D.5 Terraforming: Future Plans
Zubrin, Robert, and Richard Wagner The Case for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet and Why We Must (Free Press, 1996; revised edition 2011) An influential book that proposed concrete plans for human Mars exploration and terraforming. By the proponent of the Mars Direct plan.
McKay, Christopher P., Owen B. Toon, and James F. Kasting "Making Mars habitable," Nature, 352 (1991), pp. 489–496. The first academic paper to seriously discuss the scientific possibilities of terraforming.
Fogg, Martyn J. Terraforming: Engineering Planetary Environments (SAE International, 1995) A specialized book that comprehensively discusses the scientific and engineering aspects of terraforming.
D.6 History and Thought of Astronomy and Planetary Science
Kepler, Johannes Harmonices Mundi (1619) (Japanese translation: "The Harmony of the World," Kousakusha) A work that mathematically discusses the "music of the spheres." The music of the planets is described in Book 5.
Kepler, Johannes Astronomia Nova (1609) A work discussing the elliptical orbit of Mars. The subtitle explicitly mentions "the motion of Mars."
Arthur Koestler, translated by Nobuya Obi and Hiroshi Kimura Johannes Kepler: The Dawn of the Modern Cosmic View (Kawade Shobo Shinsha, 1971) A Japanese translation of Arthur Koestler, The Watershed - The Biography of Johannes Kepler, 1960.
Tetsuro Irie Traveler to Mars: Percival Lowell and the History of American Thought at the Turn of the Century (Seidosha, 2020)
D.7 Linguistic and Cultural Reception of Mars
Morio Mutsu Ferdinand de Saussure—The Solitude of "Linguistics," the Dream of "General Linguistics" (Sakuhinsha, 2009) Especially the section on glossolalia research on pp. 468–481. Details the relationship between Flournoy and Saussure and the history of the "Martian language" incident.
Flournoy, Théodore Des Indes à la planète Mars: Étude sur un cas de somnambulisme avec glossolalie (1900) (Japanese translation: "From India to the Planet Mars") A psychological study that recorded and analyzed the "Martian language" spoken by a medium. A historical document showing the intersection of the late 19th-century image of Mars and psychical research.
Victor Henri Le langage martien (1901) A linguistic analysis that concluded "Martian language" was a product of the association of ideas. Written as a response to Flournoy.
D.8 Literary Works Set on Mars
Wells, H. G. (Herbert George Wells) The War of the Worlds (1898) (Japanese translation: "The War of the Worlds," Iwanami Bunko, etc.)
Burroughs, Edgar Rice A Princess of Mars (1912) and other "Barsoom" series (Japanese translation: "A Princess of Mars," Tokyo Sogensha, etc.)
Lewis, C. S. Out of the Silent Planet (1939) (Japanese translation: "Malacandra: Leaving the Silent Planet," Chikuma Gakugei Bunko)
Bradbury, Ray The Martian Chronicles (1950) (Japanese translation: "The Martian Chronicles," Hayakawa Bunko)
Ballard, J. G. The Cage of Sand (1962) (Japanese translation: "The Cage of Sand," included in "Passport to Eternity," Hayakawa Bunko)
Zelazny, Roger Rose for Ecclesiastes (1963) in The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth. 1971 (Japanese translation: "A Rose for Ecclesiastes" in A Rose for Ecclesiastes, Hayakawa Bunko)
Dick, Philip K. Martian Time-Slip (1964) (Japanese translation: Martian Time-Slip, Hayakawa Bunko)
Dick, Philip K. The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch (1965) (Japanese translation: The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch, Hayakawa Bunko)
Mitsuse, Ryu The East Canal Documents (Hayakawa Publishing, 1977)
Mitsuse, Ryu "Space Chronicle" series (Hayakawa Publishing, Haruki Bunko, etc. The six works set on Mars are "Quicksand 2210," "Setting Sun 2217," "City 2220," "Cynthia Reservoir 2450," "Meteor 2505," and "West Canal City 2703." All are included in the Haruki Bunko 'Complete Space Chronicle' (1999, 2 volumes).)
Mitsuse, Ryu Returning to Twilight (Hayakawa Publishing, 1964)
Mitsuse, Ryu Records of a Lost City (Hayakawa Publishing, 1972)
Pohl, Frederik Man Plus (1976) (Japanese translation: Man Plus, Hayakawa Bunko)
Clarke, Arthur C. The Sands of Mars (1951) (Japanese translation: The Sands of Mars, Hayakawa Bunko)
Robinson, Kim Stanley Red Mars (1992), Green Mars (1993), Blue Mars (1996) (Japanese translation: Red Mars, Green Mars, Blue Mars, Tokyo Sogensha)
Robinson, Kim Stanley 2312 (2012), (Japanese translation: 2312, Tokyo Sogensha)
Landis, Geoffrey A. Mars Crossing (2000) (Japanese translation: Mars Crossing, Hayakawa Bunko)
Bear, Greg Moving Mars (1993) (Japanese translation: Moving Mars, Hayakawa Bunko)
Forward, Robert L. Martian Rainbow (1991) (Japanese translation: Martian Rainbow, Hayakawa Bunko)
D.9 Music and the Universe
Holst, Gustav The Planets, op.32 (1914–1916) Movement 1: "Mars, the Bringer of War." An orchestral work based on the mythological and astrological image of Mars.
Adorno, Theodor W. Mahler: A Musical Physiognomy (Hosei University Press), translated by Ayako Tatsumura. Includes a description of "Earth viewed from the universe" regarding "The Song of the Earth" (Das Lied von der Erde).
Stockhausen, Karlheinz Review of Henri-Louis de La Grange's Mahler biography (translated by Kenichi Sakata). Includes the mention: "If a higher being living on another star wanted to investigate the nature of humans on Earth in a very short time, they could not bypass Mahler's music."
D.10 Philosophical Background
Jaynes, Julian The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (1976) (Japanese translation: The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, Kinokuniya Company). An ambitious hypothesis on the historical transformation of consciousness. Discusses the state of consciousness in the Homeric era.
Lem, Stanisław Solaris (1961) (Japanese translation: Solaris, Kokusho Kankokai et al.) A philosophical science fiction novel depicting the possibility of life completely different from that on Earth. It questions the limits of human perception.
Lem, Stanisław Historia literatury bitowej (1973) in Wielkość urojona. Czytelnik (Japanese translation: "History of Bit Literature" in Imaginary Magnitude, translated by Kazuo Hasegawa, Mitsuyoshi Numano, and Norihiro Nishinari, Kokusho Kankokai, 1999)
Goodman, Nelson Ways of Worldmaking (1978) (Japanese translation: Ways of Worldmaking, Chikuma Shobo) A philosophical book discussing the concept of "multiple versions of worlds." It provides a useful theoretical framework for considering the "virtuality" of Mars.
Kant, Immanuel Critique of Judgment (Iwanami Bunko et al.) A classic philosophical work on the definition of beauty. Referenced as a theoretical background for considering the "beauty" of photographs taken by rovers.
D.11 Philosophy of Technology and Media Theory
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice Phenomenology of Perception (Misuzu Shobo, 1967) Translated by Yoshiro Takeuchi and Sadataka Ogi. Original: Phénoménologie de la perception (1945)
A classic of phenomenology that discusses the body as a form of contact with the world. Discussions on the extension of the body schema, such as the example of a blind person's cane, serve as a theoretical foundation for viewing rovers as "proxy bodies." Referenced in Chapter 2, Section 2.12.
Ihde, Don Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden to Earth (Indiana University Press, 1990)
An important work in the philosophy of technology that argues how technology mediates the world and transforms how the world appears. Includes analysis of optical technologies such as telescopes and microscopes. Referenced in Chapter 2, Section 2.12.
Ihde, Don Instrumental Realism: The Interface between Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Technology (Indiana University Press, 1991)
Discusses the role of technological mediation in scientific observation. Argues that observation instruments are not merely neutral tools but constitute how the observed object appears.
Stiegler, Bernard Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus (Hosei University Press, 2009) Supervised by Hideki Ishida, translated by Kenji Nishi. Original: La technique et le temps, 1. La faute d'Épiméthée (1994)
A major work in the philosophy of technology that discusses technology as the exteriorization of memory and time. Analyzes how technologies such as writing, clocks, and cameras transform human experience and temporality. Referenced in Chapter 2, Section 2.12.
Stiegler, Bernard Technics and Time, 2: Disorientation (Hosei University Press, 2010) Supervised by Hideki Ishida, translated by Kenji Nishi. Original: La technique et le temps, 2. La désorientation (1996)
Analysis of temporal objects such as film and television. Suggestive for considering the temporal experience of Mars recorded by rovers.
Latour, Bruno Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society (Sangyo Tosho, 1999) Translated by Masaru Kawasaki and Kiyoshi Takada. Original: Science in Action (1987)
An anthropological analysis of the process by which scientific facts are "constructed" through laboratories and observation instruments. Useful for considering the social and technical aspects of image processing and data interpretation in Mars exploration.
Latour, Bruno Pandora's Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies (Sangyo Tosho, 2007) Translated by Masaru Kawasaki and Hideyuki Hirakawa. Original: Pandora's Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies (1999)
Re-examines the "reality" of scientific objects within a network of humans and non-humans. Useful for theorizing that Mars is a "reality generated through mediation."
D.12 History of Science and History of Observational Technology
Shapin, Steven and Schaffer, Simon Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Nagoya University Press, 2016) Translated by Hideyuki Yoshimoto, Kazuhiro Shibata, and Kuninobu Sakamoto. Original: Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (1985)
A classic in the history of science that discusses the relationship between experimental apparatus and knowledge production during the 17th-century Scientific Revolution. Important as a historical case study of how "facts" are constructed through observation instruments.
Galison, Peter Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics (University of Chicago Press, 1997)
A detailed analysis of the relationship between observation instruments (cloud chambers, bubble chambers, electronic detectors) and images in 20th-century physics. Suggestive for considering the process of converting observation data into images. Useful for theoretically situating the "colored pencil episode" of Mariner 4.
Daston, Lorraine and Galison, Peter Objectivity (Nagoya University Press, 2021) Translated by Akihisa Setoguchi, Yasuhiro Okazawa, Kuninobu Sakamoto, and Nobumichi Ariga. Original: Objectivity (Zone Books, 2007)
Discusses the historical transition of the concept of "objectivity" in scientific images. The shift from mechanical objectivity to trained judgment. Important for considering the role of "human judgment" in color adjustment of Mars images.
D.13 Visual Culture Theory and Photography Theory
Crary, Jonathan Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century (Ibunsha, 2005) Translated by Tomomi Endo. Original: Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century (1990)
Discusses 19th-century visual technologies (camera obscura, stereoscopes, etc.) and the transformation of the observer's subjectivity. A theoretical framework for considering how "seeing" is constructed by technology.
Sontag, Susan On Photography (Shobunsha, 1979) Translated by Koito Kondo. Original: On Photography (1977)
A classic collection of essays on how photography represents and transforms reality. Valuable for considering that Mars photographs are both "records" and "constructions."
D.14 Philosophy and Ethics of Space Exploration
Crowe, Michael J. The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, 1750-1900 (Cambridge University Press, 1986)
A detailed history of the extraterrestrial life debate in the 18th and 19th centuries. Important for situating Lowell's Martian canal theory within the context of intellectual history.
Dick, Steven J. The Biological Universe: The Twentieth-Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
The 20th-century extraterrestrial life debate. Useful for understanding the scientific and philosophical background of the Viking program's life detection experiments.
Milligan, Tony Nobody Owns the Moon: The Ethics of Space Exploitation (McFarland, 2015)
The ethics of space exploration and planetary protection. Helpful for considering the ethical questions surrounding the terraforming of Mars.
D.15 Literature Related to Space Probes
Supervised by Kazuo Terakado, translated by Kyoko Sawada "Postcards from Mars" (Random House Kodansha). Japanese translation of Jim Bell's Postcards from Mars.
A collection of panoramic photos taken by Spirit and Opportunity. Jim Bell's introduction contains important insights into the relationship between photography, science, and beauty. In the introduction, Jim Bell makes an important distinction between "obtaining images" and "taking photographs." Cited in detail in Chapter 2, Section 2.11.
Squyres, Steve Roving Mars: Spirit, Opportunity, and the Exploration of the Red Planet (Hyperion, 2005)
A record by the mission lead for Spirit and Opportunity. Includes first-person accounts regarding the relationship between the rover's perspective and human experience.
NASA JPL "Ingenuity Mars Helicopter" (Official Website) https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/
Technical details and flight records of Ingenuity. Includes data from over 70 flights up until the loss of communication in January 2024. Referenced in Chapter 2, Section 2.9.
Balaram, J., et al. "Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator," AIAA Scitech 2018 Forum (2018)
A paper on the technical design of Ingenuity. Details the engineering challenges of flight in Mars' thin atmosphere.
D.16 Media Theory and Information Theory
Kittler, Friedrich Gramophone, Film, Typewriter (Chikuma Shobo, 1999). Translated by Yasuo Ishimitsu and Teruko Ishimitsu. Original title: Gramophone, Film, Typewriter (1986)
Discusses how media technology externalizes perception and memory. Provides a theoretical perspective for viewing rover data recording as "externalized experience."
McLuhan, Marshall Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (Misuzu Shobo, 1987). Translated by Yutaka Kurihara and Nakasei Kawamoto. Original title: Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (1964)
The proposition that "the medium is the message." The argument that technology is an extension of human sensory organs is a classic reference point when considering rovers as "extensions of the senses."
D.17 Musical Works
Václav Pichl: Symphony in D Major, "Mars" (18th Century)
Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: I. Mars, the Bringer of War (1914)
Michael McNabb: Mars Suite (1984)
Syntopia Quartett: Mars (2003)
Oöphoi & Tau Ceti: Celestial Geometries (2001)
Oöphoi & Tau Ceti: Celestial Geometries 2 (2012)
Oöphoi: Clouds Over Mars (2005)
This appendix is based on information as of 2025. Mars exploration is ongoing, and the content may be updated as new discoveries are made.
(Published in 2026.5.26 note)