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Lecture on Structural Design [Topic 3: Ancient Stone and Wood Structures] Lecture 7: Five-Story Pagodas = The Marvelous Ancient Japanese Woodworking Technology 2

伊藤拓海研究室

The astonishing seismic and vibration control technology of wooden architecture, and the relationship between five-story pagodas and modern structures

Teaching materials (partial) for the lecture "Architectural Structural Design" at the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science

Horyu-ji Five-Story Pagoda

The five-story pagoda at Horyu-ji was founded in 711 and is the world's oldest wooden pagoda, standing 31.55 meters tall.
The roof of the five-story pagoda becomes smaller as it goes up.
The key to understanding the structural principles of the five-story pagoda is the balance structure and the central pillar structure.

The balance structure is a system where the tail rafters resting on the side pillars balance the roof load from the long outer eaves and the load from the upper floors inside, like a scale.
It can be seen in shrine and temple architecture and old wooden houses.
In modern times, it has been adopted for large-space structures such as the Oval Roof at Roppongi Hills and the Sakata City National Athletic Meet Memorial Gymnasium.

The balance structure is established by the exquisite balance between the mechanics of the eaves structure/members and the roof load
The Roppongi Hills Oval Dome utilizes the principles of the balance structure to achieve an open, large space with exquisite balance

In the central pillar structure, the central pillar passes through the center of the pagoda and does not directly touch each floor.
Note that the central pillar is made of several pillars joined together, and the base is set on a foundation platform.

You can see the central pillar that has supported the five-story pagoda for many years

During horizontal loads such as earthquakes, the pagoda acts as a giant cantilever pillar, generating bending and shear forces and deformation.
This causes each floor of the pagoda to rotate (rocking) and translate (swaying).
Resistance is obtained by contact with the central pillar against the deformation of each floor, exerting a restoring force as a layer.

The central pillar structure is effective in linking the seismic behavior of walls during horizontal loads such as earthquakes

This seismic and vibration control technology is adopted in modern construction techniques such as the Skytree.

The high safety of the Skytree is supported by the seismic and vibration control technology of the Horyu-ji Five-Story Pagoda

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Laboratory SNS

Steel Structure Teaching Materials (E-book)

This is an e-book used in the steel structure course at Tokyo University of Science.
It is available for anyone to use. →Explanation page
(Please click the PDF icon in the middle of the linked page)

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