PPDAC, Security, and Open Data [Data Science Development Exam Preparation]

Question 1 [PPDAC Cycle]

Select the most appropriate order for the PPDAC cycle from ① to ④.

① Problem → Plan → Data → Analysis → Conclusion
② Plan → Problem → Data → Conclusion → Analysis
③ Problem → Data → Plan → Analysis → Conclusion
④ Data → Problem → Plan → Analysis → Conclusion

Correct Answer: ①
The PPDAC cycle refers to performing data-based problem solving in the order of Problem, Plan, Data, Analysis, and Conclusion, and repeating this process.

Question 2 [Data Science Cycle / 5 Steps]

Which of the following is anincorrectstep not listed in the textbook as one of the five steps of the data analysis cycle? Select one from ① to ④.

① Problem identification and formulation ② Data acquisition, management, and processing ③ Exploratory data analysis
④ Data disposal and initialization

Correct Answer: ④
The five steps listed in textbook §2.1.5 are 'Problem identification and formulation,' 'Data acquisition, management, and processing,' 'Exploratory data analysis,' 'Data analysis and inference,' and 'Sharing and communicating results, and proposals for problem solving.' 'Data disposal and initialization' is not included.

Question 3 [Information Leakage / Security Incidents]

Select the one that is not an appropriate impact of information leakage on a company from ① to ④.

① Decline in organizational image and social trust
② Financial damages such as civil/criminal liability and compensation for damages
③ Secondary damage to business partners and customers
④ Increase in stock price of competitors

Correct Answer: ④
Textbook §2.2 lists 'Decline in organizational image and social trust,' 'Financial damages such as civil/criminal liability and compensation for damages,' 'Secondary damage to business partners and customers,' and 'The survival of the business itself may become difficult,' but 'Increase in stock price of competitors' is not listed.

Question 4 [Data Anonymization Technology]

Select all appropriate methods used for the anonymization of qualitative data from ① to ④.

① Top-coding
② Micro-aggregation
③ Swapping
④ PRAM (Post RAndomization Method)

Correct Answer: ③ or ④
Top-coding and micro-aggregation are used for the anonymization ofquantitative data. It is clearly stated that for the anonymization ofqualitative data, 'swapping, which exchanges data between similar individuals,' and 'PRAM, which exchanges categories according to a certain probability,' are used.

Question 5 [Open Knowledge Foundation]

Select the most appropriate description regarding the Open Knowledge Foundation from ① to ④.

① It is a statistical data management agency established by the Japanese government.
② It is an international non-profit organization aimed at maximizing the potential of open data.
③ It is a regulatory authority for supervising data protection within the EU.
④ It is a government website that aggregates Japanese administrative data.

Correct Answer: ②
Textbook §2.3 clearly states, 'The Open Knowledge Foundation is an international non-profit organization aimed at maximizing the potential of open data. This organization promotes transparency, cooperation, and innovation through open data, and better...'.